Industrial Revolution Innovations

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Questions and Answers

Which inventor was notable for creating a research lab that was able to produce an invention every 10 days?

  • Thomas Edison (correct)
  • Alexander Graham Bell
  • Gustavus Swift
  • Christopher Sholes

Which of these inventions enabled the instantaneous communication of messages?

  • Telephone (correct)
  • Typewriter
  • Electric Power Plant
  • Refrigerated Railroad Car

Which inventor's creation significantly increased the speed at which communication was possible?

  • Thomas Edison
  • Christopher Sholes (correct)
  • Alexander Graham Bell
  • Gustavus Swift

Which individual is credited with inventing a method to ensure that food products could travel longer distances without spoiling?

<p>Gustavus Swift (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these inventions was most directly responsible for making life easier for the general public?

<p>Electric Power Plant (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following was NOT a key effect of the rise of the steel industry in the United States?

<p>The steel industry led to a decrease in the demand for agricultural products. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the practice of controlling all steps in the production process of a product, as exemplified by Andrew Carnegie's steel business?

<p>Vertical integration (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was John D. Rockefeller's primary contribution to the American economy?

<p>He transformed the oil industry into a monopoly, driving out competition. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for someone who donates their wealth to charitable causes, as Andrew Carnegie did?

<p>Philanthropist (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between the impact of Andrew Carnegie's steel industry and John D. Rockefeller's oil industry?

<p>Carnegie's steel industry focused on innovation and efficiency, while Rockefeller's oil industry focused more on consolidation and control. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the significance of J.P. Morgan's role in the American economy?

<p>He was a powerful banker who helped finance and consolidate major industries. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did banks contribute to the growth of businesses in the United States after the Civil War?

<p>Banks provided loans to businesses to help them expand and invest in new technologies. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What key characteristic distinguished the business practices of John D. Rockefeller from those of Andrew Carnegie?

<p>Rockefeller aimed to eliminate competition, while Carnegie sought to create a monopoly. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of the first table?

<p>The development of the railroad system (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary method used by larger railroad companies to force smaller companies out of business?

<p>Offering lower prices to customers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the table, what was one of the main ways that Cornelius Vanderbilt influenced the railroad industry?

<p>He consolidated smaller railroads under his control. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'railroad pools' refer to?

<p>The division of territories among railroads to avoid competition (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a way that corporations were given large sums of money to start their businesses?

<p>Government grants and subsidies (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant impact of the transatlantic cable, as mentioned in the table?

<p>It accelerated the spread of information across the globe. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Based on the information provided, what conclusion can be drawn about the relationship between larger railroad companies and smaller ones?

<p>They were in direct competition, with larger companies having a significant advantage. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the table suggest about the impact of technological innovations on the economy?

<p>It often results in the consolidation of power within a few dominant companies. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which invention played a key role in making cars more affordable and accessible to the general public?

<p>Moving Assembly Line (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary motivation behind the formation of labor organizations during the late 1800s?

<p>To advocate for better pay and working conditions for workers (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the invention of the Kodak camera impact society?

<p>It made photography a more accessible activity for the general public. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the main objective of the Sherman Anti-Trust Act?

<p>To prevent the growth of monopolies and large corporations. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following inventions had the most direct impact on the development of modern transportation?

<p>Flying Machine (Airplane) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Andrew Carnegie

A leading figure in the steel industry who also was a philanthropist.

Vertical Integration

A business strategy where a company controls all steps in the production process.

John D. Rockefeller

An influential businessman in the oil industry, known for creating a monopoly.

Monopoly

A market structure where a single company dominates an industry, limiting competition.

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J.P. Morgan

A prominent banker who played a crucial role in the finance sector after the Civil War.

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Philanthropist

A person who donates money or resources to charitable causes.

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Effect of Steel Production

Led to cheaper building materials for skyscrapers and improved infrastructure.

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Effect of Oil Monopoly

Drove out competition, leading to market control and higher profits for Rockefeller.

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Corporate funding

Large sums of money given to corporations to start businesses.

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Railroad pools

Agreements among railroad owners to divide business by region.

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Small railroad companies

Smaller businesses pushed out by larger companies offering discounts.

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Cyrus Field

Inventor known for the transatlantic telegraph cable.

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Transatlantic telegraph cable

A cable laid across the Atlantic for communication.

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Importance of railroads

Railroads facilitated movement of goods and people across regions.

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Discounts by larger railroads

Larger companies provided significant discounts to select businesses.

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Vanderbilt's role

Cornelius Vanderbilt was a key figure in railroad expansion.

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Telephone

An invention by Alexander Graham Bell that allows instant communication.

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Light bulb

Invention by Thomas Edison that provides artificial light.

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Refrigerated railroad car

A transport vehicle developed by Gustavus Swift to keep food fresh.

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Typewriter

A machine invented by Christopher Sholes that speeds up writing and communication.

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Electric power plant

Facility that generates electricity, notably promoted by Thomas Edison.

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Kodak Camera

An affordable camera that made picture taking easier for the public.

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Moving Assembly Line

A manufacturing process that allowed cars to be produced quickly and cheaply.

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Flying Machine (Airplane)

An invention used by the military that made travel easier and quicker.

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Gauge (Train Tracks)

The width of train tracks that prevents trains from derailing.

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Sherman Anti-Trust Act

Legislation aimed at breaking up monopolies and trusts to promote fair competition.

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Study Notes

Industrial Revolution Innovations

  • Steel Production: Andrew Carnegie made steel cheaply, enabling construction of skyscrapers and bridges, and better railways. He was also a philanthropist.
  • Vertical Integration: Carnegie controlled all stages of steel production.
  • Oil Industry Monopoly: John D. Rockefeller created a monopoly in the oil industry, driving out competition.
  • Banking and Corporations: J.P. Morgan provided large sums of money to corporations, helping them start and grow.
  • Railroad Industry: Cornelius Vanderbilt controlled parts of the railroad industry through business tactics. He also reorganized railroad companies, creating region-based services.

Key Inventions

  • Transatlantic Cable (Cyrus Field): Allowed faster communication between Europe and the U.S.
  • Telephone (Alexander Graham Bell): Revolutionized communication.
  • Light Bulb (Thomas Edison): Improved daily life and enabled new technologies.
  • Refrigerated Railroad Cars (Gustavus Swift): Enabled preservation of foods during transport.
  • Typewriter (Christopher Sholes): Increased workplace efficiency in communication.
  • Kodak Camera (George Eastman): Made photography more accessible.
  • Assembly Line (Henry Ford): Resulted in mass production and affordability, changing manufacturing forever.
  • Airplane (Orville & Wilbur Wright): Improved travel and transportation.

Working Conditions and Regulation

  • Late 1800s Factory Conditions: Low pay, long hours, dangerous working conditions, and child labor were common.
  • Labor Organizations: Formed to demand better wages, working conditions, and child labor laws.
  • Sherman Anti-Trust Act: Intended to break up monopolistic industries. Initially ineffective, but eventually had an impact.

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