Industrial Revolution Key Innovations Quiz

The key innovations included the invention of machines to replace hand tools, the use of steam engines, and the adoption of the factory system.

Coal production increased significantly, with Britain producing 90% of the world's output by 1800, largely due to the proximity of large coal veins to industrial centers.

Industrialization created a property-less wage labor force by dispossessing traditional producers of their means of production.

<p>Religious institutions often grappled with modern ideologies like liberalism, socialism, and nationalism, adapting their teachings and structures to these new societal norms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The first steam engine railway connected coal mines in Durham to the coast, facilitating the efficient transport of coal to markets and fueling demand for industrialization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The main economic motivations were the exploitation of natural resources, particularly ivory and rubber, to benefit Belgium's economy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Boer War resulted in the establishment of concentration camps and significantly altered the demographic composition, introducing new languages and technologies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The significance of the Battle of Adwa was that it marked a decisive victory for Ethiopia, showcasing its ability to resist colonization and solidifying their national identity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The self-strengthening movement aimed to modernize China's military and economy while retaining Chinese cultural values by integrating Western technologies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Meiji Restoration transformed Japan's approach by embracing industrialization and Western models to avoid foreign domination successfully.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The assassination led Austria-Hungary to declare war on Serbia, sparking a chain reaction of alliances that escalated into a global conflict.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nationalism fueled tensions between nations, leading to militarism and the desire for national expansion, ultimately contributing to the outbreak of the war.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It established unequal treaties, resulting in reparations of 21 million silver dollars and the opening of 4 additional ports to the British.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Colonial rule introduced cash economies and cash crops, alongside new taxes like hut tax and head tax to support the colonial administration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cohongs were Chinese merchants authorized to conduct trade with foreign merchants under the Canton System.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Strategies included armed resistance, collaboration with colonial powers, passive resistance, and the use of spirituality and religion to mobilize communities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The monopoly led to increased opium imports, with trade volumes growing from 6 million pounds in 1839 to 15 million pounds in 1879.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Hundred Days' Reform aimed to modernize China's education system, military, and governance, but ultimately failed due to opposition from conservative forces.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The rebellion aimed for the abolition of private property, promotion of communal wealth, and ban on opium and alcohol.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Suez Canal, completed in 1869, greatly facilitated maritime trade by connecting the Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Total war involved mobilizing entire societies, not just armies, requiring civilian support, resources, and the inclusion of women in wartime efforts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Sepoy Rebellion was India's first war of independence, leading to the end of British East India Company rule and the start of direct British governance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The war revealed the contradictions of liberal democracy and highlighted the brutality of modern warfare, undermining claims of European superiority.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Direct Rule refers to a form of governance where colonizers impose their administration and culture on the colonized, often dismantling local institutions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Technologies such as machine guns, tanks, and airplanes drastically changed warfare, leading to unprecedented levels of casualties and necessitating new strategies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Propaganda was used to rally public support, encourage enlistment, and promote national unity while demonizing the enemy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Industrialization led to increased demand for raw materials and markets, prompting Western nations to expand their empires into Africa and Asia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>One primary goal was the establishment of a theocratic state with communal wealth and the abolition of foot binding.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The famine caused mass emigration from Ireland, significantly altering the demographics of the United States and other nations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Extraterritoriality allowed British citizens in China to be exempt from Chinese law and granted them special privileges.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Second Opium War led to increased Western influence in China, including further trade concessions and expanded territorial control.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The term 'Third World' often refers to economically developing nations that were historically colonized or exploited by Western powers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>European powers used the 'Civilizing Mission' to rationalize their imperial expansion, claiming it was their duty to bring civilization and progress to 'savage' lands.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Railways facilitated the movement of goods and resources, boosting demand for coal, steam, iron, and steel, thereby accelerating industrial growth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The British Agricultural Revolution increased agricultural output, which, along with the Enclosure Movement, displaced many rural workers, pushing them into cities for work.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The bourgeoisie represented the middle class that owned production means, while the proletariat comprised the working class that provided labor, often under exploitative conditions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mechanization led to a significant increase in thread and textile production, causing the decline of traditional hand-weaving in England and displacing many workers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nationalism emerged as a response to industrialization, fostering a sense of common identity and purpose among people, driven by shared economic and social experiences.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>British imperialism led to economic dependency in India and the disruption of local industries, as British exports flooded these markets, undermining traditional economies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Marx viewed the relationship as inherently exploitative, with the proletariat creating surplus value through labor that benefited the bourgeoisie, leading to class struggle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The flying shuttle allowed for faster weaving, and the spinning jenny enabled increased thread production, both of which revolutionized the textile manufacturing process.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Industrial Revolution led to extensive environmental domination through resource extraction and pollution as industries expanded rapidly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Social Darwinism justified imperialism by suggesting that stronger nations had the right to dominate weaker ones, framing it as a natural order.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The British East India Company monopolized trade in India, imposing taxes and tariffs that favored British imports over local industries, leading to economic decline for Indian artisans.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Enclosure Movement privatized common lands, displacing many peasants and contributing to the formation of a landless working class drawn to urban factories.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transportation improvements, such as canals and railroads, significantly decreased shipping times and costs, facilitating increased international trade.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Responses included nationalism, liberalism, and socialism, each proposing different ways to address societal changes and injustices caused by industrialization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Proletarianization refers to the process by which individuals transitioned from being independent artisans or farmers to wage laborers in factories, often facing exploitation.</p> Signup and view all the answers