29 Questions
Which factor contributes to the risk of infection in hospitalized patients?
Impaired immunity
What is an example of a potential entry point for infection in hospital patients?
Initial insertion of a medical device
What is cited as an additional risk factor for infection in hospital patients?
Trauma including surgery
Which type of infection is associated with MRSA auto-infection?
Wound infection
What is a common source of cross-infection in hospitals?
Contaminated environment (dust, air conditioning)
What is the main method of transmission for pathogens like MRSA and foodborne infections?
Indirect transmission via contaminated objects or people
Which type of pathogens can remain suspended in the air for long periods and access the lower respiratory tract?
Airborne droplet nuclei
What is a characteristic of pathogens like M.tuberculosis and measles regarding their transmission?
They can survive for long periods in air as small particles
Which statement best describes the traditional medical distinction that is now being replaced by a more scientific classification?
Classifying pathogens based on their mode of transmission
What is a characteristic feature of droplet transmission from an infected person?
Involves larger particles produced during talking or coughing
Where are pathogens like S.aureus primarily sourced from when leading to wound infections?
Human nose and skin
What is one of the impacts of Healthcare Associated Infections (HAI) mentioned in the text?
Increased pain and distress
Why are point prevalence surveys done every few years?
Because they are expensive and complex
Which bacteria are specifically mentioned in the text as 'alert organisms' likely acquired in the hospital?
Meticillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA)
Why is surveillance of Healthcare infection important in hospitals?
To monitor changes over time and allow comparisons
What is one role of the Infection Control Service mentioned in the text?
Providing education to clinical staff
Why do some bacteria infect patients in hospitals who would not normally be infected by them?
Due to the misuse of antibiotics
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Enterobacterales/Enterobacteriaceae?
They are Gram-positive bacteria
According to the 2017 Europe-wide prevalence survey in Ireland, what was the overall rate of healthcare-associated infections (HCAI)?
6.1%
Which of the following was NOT one of the leading healthcare-associated infections (HCAI) identified in the 2017 survey?
Meningitis
According to the 2017 survey, what percentage of patients with healthcare-associated infections had an infection caused by Clostridium difficile?
4.4%
Which of the following organisms was the most common cause of healthcare-associated infections, according to the 2017 survey?
Escherichia coli
What is the primary cause of diarrhea following antibiotic therapy, according to the text?
Clostridium difficile
According to the passage, which type of transmission is associated with large particles that settle on the ground within 1 meter and less than 5 minutes?
Droplet transmission
What is the key difference between droplet and aerosol/airborne transmission according to the passage?
Droplet transmission involves particles that contaminate the immediate environment, while aerosol/airborne transmission involves particles that can travel long distances.
According to the passage, what is the recommended distance to maintain to prevent droplet transmission?
2 meters
Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage as a countermeasure for droplet transmission?
Wearing a full-body hazmat suit
Based on the passage, which of the following statements about respiratory particles is true?
Respiratory particles can travel more than 2 meters from the source according to MIT Physics lab experiments.
What is the significance of the statement in the passage about 1000 frames per second images of a sneeze?
It suggests that high-speed imaging is necessary to study the dynamics of respiratory particle emission.
Test your knowledge on the indirect transfer of infectious agents via contaminated objects or people. Learn about how diseases like MRSA, scabies, and respiratory viruses are transmitted through fomites or respiratory droplets.
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