47 Questions
What are viruses primarily composed of?
DNA or RNA core surrounded by a protein coat
What is the key characteristic of bacteriophages?
Incredible specificity leading to emergence of phage therapy
What is the host range of a virus?
A limited number of host cells that it can infect
What does it mean that viruses are obligate intracellular parasites?
They can only replicate within a host cell
What is the structure of a virus?
Nucleic acid enclosed in a protein coat, and in some cases, a membranous envelope
What is the primary mode of virus replication?
Replication only within a living host cell
What is the significant feature of the life cycle of phages?
Involvement in the transfer of genetic material
What is the primary characteristic of a virus's structure?
Being acellular and not a cell
What is the result of a genetic takeover by bacteriophages?
Infection and alteration of bacteria's genetic material
What is the primary location for virus replication?
Within a living host cell
What is the primary role of the protein coat in viruses?
Protecting the nucleic acid core
What is the primary outcome of a virus's infection of a host cell?
Replication of the virus
Which type of toxin is produced by Claviceps purpurea and Aspergillus, causing pathogenic properties in fungi?
Ergot toxin and Aflatoxin
What is the primary mode of reproduction for fungi that can cause mycoses?
Both filamentous and macroscopic
Which group of organisms are unicellular without cell walls and include amoebae, ciliates, flagellates, and sporozoans?
Protozoa
What is the primary characteristic of algae?
Containing chlorophyll and carrying out oxygenic photosynthesis
What is the primary cause of brain diseases like scrapie in sheep, mad cow disease, and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in humans?
Prions
What is the primary problematic characteristic of COVID-19?
Large number of asymptomatic carriers
What is the primary mode of action of prions?
Converting normal proteins into the prion version
What is the primary characteristic of COVID-19 vaccines and biotherapeutics?
Showing promise in combating COVID-19
What is the primary outcome of faster and cheaper tests being developed for pandemic control?
Pandemic control through test and trace strategies
Which of the following is a characteristic of lichens?
A symbiotic relationship between fungi and algae
What is the primary characteristic of viruses in terms of host cells?
Penetrating and growing inside host cells
What is the primary characteristic of prions?
Infectious proteins causing brain diseases in mammals
What is the primary problematic characteristic of COVID-19?
Large number of asymptomatic carriers
What is the primary mode of reproduction for fungi that can cause mycoses?
Asexual and sexual reproduction
What is the primary characteristic of algae?
Containing chlorophyll and carrying out oxygenic photosynthesis
What is the primary role of the protein coat in viruses?
Protection and recognition
What is the primary outcome of faster and cheaper tests being developed for pandemic control?
Test and trace strategies
What is the primary cause of brain diseases like scrapie in sheep, mad cow disease, and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in humans?
Infectious proteins called prions
What is the primary characteristic of COVID-19 vaccines and biotherapeutics?
Showing promise in combating COVID-19
What is the primary outcome of a virus's infection of a host cell?
Inhibit host DNA/RNA and protein synthesis
What is the primary characteristic of viruses in terms of host cells?
Obligate intracellular parasites
What is the primary characteristic of the life cycle of phages?
Infect and replicate within bacterial cells
What is the primary mode of virus replication?
Using host cell machinery
What is the primary characteristic of viruses?
They consist of DNA or RNA core surrounded by a protein coat
What is the key feature of the life cycle of phages?
Involvement in the transfer of genetic material
What is the primary role of the protein coat in viruses?
Protection of the genetic material
What is the host range of a virus?
The limited number of host cells that it can infect
What is the primary outcome of a virus's infection of a host cell?
Replication within the host cell
What does it mean that viruses are obligate intracellular parasites?
They can only replicate within a host cell
What is the primary cause of brain diseases like scrapie in sheep, mad cow disease, and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in humans?
Prions
What are viruses primarily composed of?
Nucleic acid enclosed in a protein coat
What is the primary mode of reproduction for fungi that can cause mycoses?
Release of spores
What is the primary characteristic of algae?
They are unicellular without cell walls
What is the significant feature of the life cycle of phages?
Involvement in the transfer of genetic material
What is the primary characteristic of bacteriophages?
They can infect and take over the genetic material of bacteria
Study Notes
Viral Pathogenesis and Pandemics, Fungal and Protist Infections, and Prions
- Viruses can penetrate and grow inside host cells, inhibit host DNA/RNA and protein synthesis, and cause a Cytopathic effect (CPE).
- COVID-19, caused by a Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), is highly problematic due to its large number of asymptomatic carriers, effective human-to-human spread, and severe disease in some individuals.
- Vaccines and biotherapeutics show promise in combating COVID-19, with many drugs and monoclonal antibodies in the pipeline.
- Faster and cheaper tests are being developed for pandemic control through test and trace strategies.
- Fungi are eukaryotes with chitin cell walls and diverse species, including molds and mushrooms, and can cause mycoses with varied pathogenic properties.
- Fungal diseases, such as systemic mycoses and superficial mycoses, are caused by toxic metabolic products and parasitic properties of fungi.
- Ergot toxin from Claviceps purpurea and Aflatoxin from Aspergillus are examples of pathogenic properties of fungi.
- Fungi can be filamentous (molds) or macroscopic (mushrooms) and unicellular (yeasts), with different modes of reproduction and pathogenic potential.
- Algae, containing chlorophyll and carrying out oxygenic photosynthesis, are a large and diverse group, including pathogenic species like red tide dinoflagellates and Pfeisteria.
- Lichens are a symbiotic relationship between fungi and algae, while protozoa are unicellular organisms without cell walls, with various groups like amoebae, ciliates, flagellates, and sporozoans, some of which are pathogenic.
- Prions are infectious proteins that cause brain diseases in mammals, propagate by converting normal proteins into the prion version, and are associated with diseases like scrapie in sheep, mad cow disease, and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in humans.
- Prions are distinct from conventional viruses, devoid of DNA or RNA, and composed primarily of a protein called Prion.
Viral Pathogenesis and Pandemics, Fungal and Protist Infections, and Prions
- Viruses can penetrate and grow inside host cells, inhibit host DNA/RNA and protein synthesis, and cause a Cytopathic effect (CPE).
- COVID-19, caused by a Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), is highly problematic due to its large number of asymptomatic carriers, effective human-to-human spread, and severe disease in some individuals.
- Vaccines and biotherapeutics show promise in combating COVID-19, with many drugs and monoclonal antibodies in the pipeline.
- Faster and cheaper tests are being developed for pandemic control through test and trace strategies.
- Fungi are eukaryotes with chitin cell walls and diverse species, including molds and mushrooms, and can cause mycoses with varied pathogenic properties.
- Fungal diseases, such as systemic mycoses and superficial mycoses, are caused by toxic metabolic products and parasitic properties of fungi.
- Ergot toxin from Claviceps purpurea and Aflatoxin from Aspergillus are examples of pathogenic properties of fungi.
- Fungi can be filamentous (molds) or macroscopic (mushrooms) and unicellular (yeasts), with different modes of reproduction and pathogenic potential.
- Algae, containing chlorophyll and carrying out oxygenic photosynthesis, are a large and diverse group, including pathogenic species like red tide dinoflagellates and Pfeisteria.
- Lichens are a symbiotic relationship between fungi and algae, while protozoa are unicellular organisms without cell walls, with various groups like amoebae, ciliates, flagellates, and sporozoans, some of which are pathogenic.
- Prions are infectious proteins that cause brain diseases in mammals, propagate by converting normal proteins into the prion version, and are associated with diseases like scrapie in sheep, mad cow disease, and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in humans.
- Prions are distinct from conventional viruses, devoid of DNA or RNA, and composed primarily of a protein called Prion.
Test your knowledge on Viral Pathogenesis and Pandemics, Fungal and Protist Infections, and Prions with this informative quiz. Explore topics such as the pathogenic properties of viruses, the challenges posed by COVID-19, the diverse nature of fungi and protists, and the unique characteristics of prions. Gain insights into the mechanisms of infection and the potential strategies for combating these infectious agents.
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