Indigenous Women in Canadian Corrections 2023

<p>Both A and B (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>33% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The lodge is primarily for Indigenous offenders, and McClinctic was not Indigenous. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased access to healthcare services (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The application of Gladue principles is inconsistent and subject to public scrutiny and political influence. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It demonstrates that slavery was a widespread practice in Canada. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The lack of awareness and understanding of Gladue principles among judges and other legal professionals. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To contribute to a just, peaceful and safe society. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The practices and policies of an institution that perpetuate racial inequality. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Criminalized Indigenous Individuals are more likely to have experienced abuse or neglect as children. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased access to education and employment opportunities for Indigenous people. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To consider alternative sanctions to imprisonment for offenders. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The use of policies and institutional practices that perpetuate disadvantages for people of color. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Colonialism and its lasting effects. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>191% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They have higher rates of mental health issues and substance abuse. (D), They have a higher incidence of health problems. (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The judge did not consider the unique systemic or background factors of Indigenous peoples. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The case clarified that courts need to consider the intergenerational effects of colonialism on Indigenous peoples when applying the Gladue principles. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are not being applied consistently across different regions of Canada. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To provide a more culturally appropriate setting for Indigenous women in prison. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To reduce recidivism rates among Indigenous women offenders. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The programs offered are not culturally relevant and often fail to address the specific needs of Indigenous women. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The underlying social and economic factors contributing to Indigenous incarceration are not being addressed adequately. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Addressing the systemic social and economic factors contributing to Indigenous incarceration. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Healing lodges offer more extensive programs and services. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A network of institutions and practices that enforce social control through punishment (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The absence of available data from the Canadian government on Black individuals in prison (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>9.12% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The lack of funding allocated to research on this specific population group (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A fluctuating pattern with both increases and decreases (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The focus should be on creating alternative systems of justice that address harm (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Racism against Black populations has been a long-standing issue in Canada (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By highlighting the disproportionate number of Black prisoners in the federal prison population (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It reinforces patriarchal structures that control women's lives and impose arbitrary standards. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Traditional feminist theories focus on the experiences of white women, while anti-racist feminist theories promote equity for Black and other racialized women. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It inspired the civil rights movement in Canada and led to legislative changes. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The use of criminal justice policies as a tool for social control of racialized communities. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The implementation of restorative justice programs aimed at reducing recidivism. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Carceral redlining exacerbates mass incarceration by targeting specific communities for criminalization. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It overlooks the potential for racial bias in policing practices, leading to over-policing in certain areas. (A), It fails to acknowledge the role of systemic racism in shaping crime rates and policing strategies (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Racial profiling is an individual act, while carceral redlining is a systemic practice. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It reinforces the perception that Black individuals are more likely to engage in criminal activity. (A), It disproportionately targets young Black males, leading to higher rates of stops and searches. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It creates a climate of fear and distrust between Black communities and the police. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Indigenous women represented 49% of female admissions to federal custody in Canada.

A landmark Supreme Court case emphasizing the unique circumstances of Indigenous offenders in sentencing.

The practice of disproportionately placing BIPOC individuals in correctional facilities based on race.

Indigenous youth make up 43% of criminalized youth, despite being 8.8% of the population.

Programs initiated to address the specific needs of Indigenous women in the correctional system.

The domination of one group over another, affecting culture, politics, and economy.

Indigenous children taken from their families and placed with White families.

Institutional practices that create or maintain racial inequality.

Policies and practices that perpetuate racial inequality within society.

Higher rates of incarceration among Indigenous individuals compared to non-Indigenous individuals.

Colonialism is a primary factor for Indigenous people's interactions with the Criminal Justice System.

The rate of incarceration of Indigenous women is significantly higher than non-Indigenous women.

Sentencing reform introduced in 1996 to improve justice practices.

Protect society and ensure justice while considering individual circumstances in punishment.

Psychological effects passed down through generations due to experiences of trauma.

Guidelines promoting Indigenous rights in the justice system, aiming for fair treatment and consideration of cultural contexts.

A correctional facility for Indigenous women that emphasizes healing and culture over punishment; controversial for high-profile cases.

The forced transportation of enslaved African people to the Americas, including Canada, primarily for labor.

The dehumanizing label for Black women during slavery, suggesting they were hypersexual and available for exploitation.

A form of racism embedded in the policies and practices of institutions, leading to disparity and disadvantage for marginalized groups.

A 2012 case that clarified the application of Gladue principles for Aboriginal offenders.

A section of the Criminal Code mandating consideration of Indigenous circumstances in sentencing.

A healing facility in Saskatchewan for incarcerated Indigenous women focusing on rehabilitation.

The first holistic program for Indigenous women offenders introduced in 2010.

The impact of historical trauma on subsequent generations of Indigenous peoples.

Concerns about culturally irrelevant programs and inadequate Indigenous programming.

Difficulties criminalized Indigenous people face when re-entering society after incarceration.

The disproportionate number of Indigenous peoples in Canadian prisons.

Historical exclusion of Black and racialized women from criminological studies.

The study of overlapping social identities and related systems of oppression.

African-Nova Scotian who challenged racial segregation in a theater.

Racist practice of denying loans to people in designated areas based on race.

Rising incarceration rates of BIPOC despite decreasing overall crime rates.

Law enforcement's practice of suspecting individuals based on race or ethnicity.

Psychological consequences on targeted communities, like PTSD and anxiety.

Process of categorizing people based on perceived race.

Racism specifically aimed at Black Canadians affecting many life aspects.

Prime Minister who banned Black immigration to Canada.

A system of punitive state power involving surveillance and detention through various institutions.

Black prisoners represent 9.3% of federal prison population but only 2.9% of Canadian population.

Black women overrepresented in incarceration with limited documentation.

Reformation: improving institutions; Abolition: dismantling all incarceration systems.

Black women aged 15+ make up 3.1% of the population, but 9.12% of federally incarcerated women.

Abolitionism advocates for creating a society based on healing, accountability, and restorative justice.