Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women in North America
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Questions and Answers

What significant term did Roxanne White learn about regarding violent deaths and disappearances of Indigenous women?

  • Missing and murdered Indigenous women (correct)
  • Violent Indigenous female casualties
  • Crisis of Indigenous womanhood
  • Disappeared Indigenous women

What year did the FBI release its findings about the deaths in the vicinity of the Yakama reservation?

  • 2016
  • 2009 (correct)
  • 1996
  • 2002

What initiative did the Prime Minister of Canada launch in response to disappearances among First Nations?

  • Missing women awareness campaign
  • National task force on Indigenous safety
  • Historic national inquiry (correct)
  • Indigenous women protection act

How many deaths from the mid-2000s examination did the FBI classify as homicides?

<p>10 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What prompted the Yakama women to look for a term describing their experiences?

<p>Meeting other Indigenous women at a camp (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of law is set to take effect in June regarding missing American Indian women?

<p>A law for data collection on missing women (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What were the community members feeling towards the FBI's handling of the case?

<p>Convinced of indifference (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What were some causes classified for the deaths examined by the FBI?

<p>Homicide, drowning, and unknown causes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of the gatherings across the U.S. on May 5?

<p>To acknowledge the National Day of Awareness for Missing and Murdered Native Women and Girls. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Roxanne White ask the marchers during the event?

<p>For the names of women and men who were missing. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What emotion did Roxanne White express regarding the accountability of authorities in missing persons cases?

<p>Frustration about the lack of action by authorities. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which color did the tribal members wear during the march led by Roxanne White?

<p>Red, to honor missing women and girls. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did Roxanne White characterize the identity of those who are missing?

<p>As part of historical injustices faced by Indigenous people. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What inspired Gina Mosbrucker to advocate for the issue of missing and murdered Indigenous women?

<p>The 2017 film 'Wind River'. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which law allowed tribal courts to pursue certain domestic violence cases involving non-Native people?

<p>The 2013 Violence Against Women Reauthorization Act. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What primary tool is Annita Lucchesi building to address the issue of missing and murdered Indigenous women?

<p>A comprehensive historical database. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do some families in Canada express dissatisfaction with the inquiry into missing and murdered Indigenous women?

<p>They believe it has been mismanaged and re-traumatizing. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of Indigenous women reportedly experienced violence in their lifetime according to the National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey?

<p>84 percent (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant issue affecting the investigation of missing persons in Indigenous communities?

<p>Complex jurisdictional issues between law enforcement. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which piece of legislation aims to improve data collection regarding missing Indigenous persons?

<p>Savanna's Act. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to historical data, American Indians experienced rape or sexual assault at what rate compared to other racial groups?

<p>Twice as likely. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factor significantly limits the accuracy of data on missing and murdered Indigenous women?

<p>Confusion over jurisdictional responsibilities. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which piece of data highlights the severity of violence against Indigenous women?

<p>Indigenous women have a homicide rate three times that of white women. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one way proposed laws aim to improve the situation for missing Indigenous persons?

<p>Add tribal affiliation to federal databases. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of Indigenous women reported experiencing sexual violence according to the 2010 survey?

<p>56 percent (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What challenges do organizers face in their efforts to address the issue of violence against Indigenous women?

<p>Insufficient collaboration with impacted communities. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the National Missing and Unidentified Persons System (NamUs) rely on for data submission?

<p>Voluntary submissions from law enforcement. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What legislation is being developed to enhance the investigation of missing and murdered Indigenous people?

<p>Legislation requiring the Department of Justice to create investigation protocols (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is mentioned as underlying violence against Indigenous women in the proposed task force?

<p>Historical and cultural factors related to societal norms (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What common belief affected the investigation of Carolyn DeFord's mother's case?

<p>Adults have a right to disappear without police intervention (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to advocates, what is a significant oversight in current legislation regarding missing Indigenous women?

<p>It allows for reliance on Western legal frameworks (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the inquiry in Canada reveal about police investigations into missing and murdered women?

<p>They were blatant failures due to systemic bias (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the primary focuses of Canada's Truth and Reconciliation Commission related to Indigenous women?

<p>Addressing violence and discrimination against Indigenous women (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What personal experience influenced Jamie Becker-Finn's legislative efforts on missing Indigenous women?

<p>Her great-grandmother's unresolved disappearance (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organization has been involved in advocating for the rights of Indigenous women in Canada?

<p>Amnesty International (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the task force in Minnesota aim to improve about cases of missing Indigenous women?

<p>Tracking and preventing violence through systemic analysis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What sentiment does Carolyn DeFord express regarding the police response when her mother went missing?

<p>She believed they rushed to conclusions based on her mother's past (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way was the inquiry into missing and murdered Indigenous women in Canada perceived by families?

<p>As a disappointing response failing to bring justice (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What were the estimated numbers of missing and murdered Indigenous women in Canada between 1980 and 2012, according to the RCMP?

<p>1,181 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the movement around missing and murdered Indigenous women stress about the nature of violence?

<p>It highlights the long-term effects of government actions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What common issue in investigations of missing Indigenous persons is highlighted by DeFord's outreach efforts?

<p>Delayed investigations due to stereotypes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the key recommendations of the commission resulting from the class-action lawsuit related to Canada’s residential schools?

<p>Launch an inquiry into missing and murdered Indigenous women (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a common concern expressed by families and advocates regarding the commissioners chosen for the inquiry?

<p>They lacked input from grassroots organizations (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Cywink and other advocates call for in a letter addressed to Chief Commissioner Marion Buller?

<p>A complete overhaul of the inquiry’s structure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Cywink express concern about regarding the inquiry's handling of family testimonies?

<p>There was a lack of clarity on how stories would be used (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What sentiment did many families and advocates feel about the government’s attention to Indigenous issues after Trudeau's announcement?

<p>Relief and validation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did Amanda Takes War Bonnet view the possibility of a similar situation occurring in the U.S. to that of Canada?

<p>Unlikely to happen in the same way soon (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significant criticism did Cywink and others raise about the inquiry's methodology?

<p>It acted without community engagement (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following roles did Heitkamp play regarding violence against Indigenous women?

<p>Leader in legislative efforts (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a major action taken by the Trudeau administration that faced criticism from Canadian First Nations leaders?

<p>Agreeing to purchase the controversial Trans Mountain Pipeline (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What kind of support did the Native Women’s Association of Canada express towards the inquiry?

<p>Support for an indefinite extension (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What emotional response was commonly felt among families as the inquiry progressed?

<p>Frustration with bureaucratic processes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a recurring sentiment expressed about the inquiry's impact on communities?

<p>It exacerbated emotional burdens (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did Cywink suggest the inquiry should proceed after gathering extensive testimonies?

<p>Create a comprehensive public report (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women (MMIW)

A collective term for the disproportionate rates of homicide and missing persons cases among American Indian women.

Yakama Reservation

A Native American Indian Reservation in Washington State, a location where the issue of missing and murdered Indigenous women (MMIW) was experienced.

FBI re-examination (2000s)

Investigation of deaths of Native American women near the Yakama reservation, mostly between 1980 and 1992

Unsolved Deaths (2000s)

Mysterious deaths of Native American women in the vicinity of the Yakama reservation

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Washington State Law (2023)

A new law requiring the State Patrol to determine the number of missing Native American women.

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Roxanne White

Yakama and Nez Perce activist leading the movement to address the issue of murdered and missing Native American women.

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National Inquiry (2016)

Historical inquiry into disappearances in FN communities lead by the Canadian Prime Minister.

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Homicide

The crime of causing the death of another human being deliberately.

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National Day of Awareness

A day designated by the U.S. government to acknowledge the issue of missing and murdered Native women and girls.

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Demand for Justice

Actively seeking accountability and action from authorities regarding missing and murdered Native women and girls.

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March in Red

A symbolic act of protest and awareness for missing and murdered Native women and girls.

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Calling Out Names

Reciting the names of missing and murdered Native women and girls to remember and honor their lives.

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Holding Police Accountable

Requiring law enforcement to fulfill their duty and investigate missing persons cases of Native women and girls.

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Savanna's Act

A federal bill aimed at addressing the MMIW crisis by improving data collection, improving investigation protocols, and enhancing tribal jurisdiction.

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Data Gaps in MMIW Cases

A lack of comprehensive data on missing and murdered Indigenous women due to insufficient reporting, jurisdictional complexities, and limited resources.

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Jurisdictional Overlap

The complex web of authorities (tribal, federal, state) investigating cases involving Indigenous people on reservations, leading to confusion and delays.

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Violence Against Women Reauthorization Act (VAWA)

A federal law that allows tribal courts to prosecute domestic violence cases committed by non-Native individuals on tribal land.

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Tribal Sovereignty and Jurisdiction

The inherent right of Native American tribes to govern themselves and their affairs, including law enforcement and justice.

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Police Indifference

The lack of adequate effort and response from law enforcement agencies when investigating cases involving missing or murdered Indigenous women.

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Causes of MMIW

Complex factors contributing to the crisis, including domestic violence, sex trafficking, racial bias, jurisdictional challenges, and limited resources.

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National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey

A research study that revealed alarming rates of violence experienced by Indigenous women in the United States.

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Impact of MMIW on Communities

The devastating impact of missing and murdered Indigenous women on families, communities, and the overall health and wellbeing of Native American societies.

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Role of Data in Addressing MMIW

The critical need for improved data collection and analysis to fully understand the extent of the problem and develop effective solutions.

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The Importance of Indigenous Voice and Leadership

The crucial role of Indigenous communities in guiding efforts to address the MMIW crisis, emphasizing their perspective and expertise.

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Legacy of Colonialism

The historical and ongoing impact of colonialism on Indigenous communities, contributing to the vulnerabilities and systemic injustices that contribute to MMIW.

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Social Justice Movement

A growing collective effort by Indigenous communities, allies, and advocates to raise awareness, push for policy changes, and seek justice for missing and murdered Indigenous women.

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What is the 'Stolen Sisters' report?

A 2004 report by Amnesty International highlighting violence against Indigenous women in Canada, drawing attention to the issue of missing and murdered Indigenous women (MMIW).

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What is the 'Truth and Reconciliation Commission'?

A Canadian commission established in 2008 to document the history and impact of residential schools on Indigenous peoples, including the issue of missing and murdered Indigenous women.

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What is the Indigenous Idle No More movement?

A grassroots movement that began in 2012, focusing on Indigenous sovereignty and self-determination, raising awareness about missing and murdered Indigenous women.

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Why did DeFord suspect her missing mother's case was mishandled?

DeFord believed the police did not prioritize finding her mother due to assumptions about her lifestyle and addiction struggles, highlighting bias in the system.

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Why does Lucchesi criticize the Washington State Patrol conducting the study?

Lucchesi argues that the State Patrol has a problematic history with Indigenous communities and might not be a neutral party to objectively investigate missing Indigenous women.

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What is a major concern with the proposed legislation in Washington?

The lack of focus on addressing the historical and systemic factors (like colonization, poverty, and discrimination) that contribute to the violence against Indigenous women.

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What do advocates like Lucchesi emphasize regarding investigations?

The need for culturally appropriate responses and involving Indigenous communities in investigations, as many families feel uncomfortable interacting with mainstream law enforcement.

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How does the MMIW movement differ from typical murder investigations?

It focuses on the systemic violence against Indigenous women, recognizing the historical and ongoing erasure of their lives and cultures, rather than just individual cases.

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What is the key takeaway from the story of Carolyn DeFord?

It highlights the lack of support and resources for families of missing or murdered Indigenous women, and the impact of systemic biases on investigations.

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Why does the MMIW movement not focus on the 'how' or 'who' of the murders?

Instead of focusing on individual crimes, the movement exposes the broader societal issues of violence, oppression, and erasure of Indigenous cultures that contribute to these tragedies.

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What is a key factor contributing to the crisis of missing and murdered Indigenous women?

The historical and ongoing systemic racism, discrimination, and cultural erasure that Indigenous communities face, resulting in vulnerability and a lack of protection.

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What distinguishes the Canadian inquiry from the American efforts?

The Canadian inquiry recognized the systemic failure of the justice system to protect Indigenous women, while American efforts are currently focusing on data collection and task forces.

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What is the significance of the Yakama Nation's resolution?

It highlights the distrust and tension between Indigenous communities and state law enforcement, specifically citing the State Patrol's failure to adequately protect Indigenous lives.

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What is the main challenge facing the MMIW movement?

The need to bridge the gap between Indigenous and non-Indigenous communities, ensuring that systemic issues are addressed and justice is served.

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Residential Schools

Schools run by the Canadian government that forcibly removed Indigenous children from their families and cultures to assimilate them into European culture. These schools were rife with abuse.

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Assimilation Attempts

Efforts by the Canadian government to force Indigenous people to adopt European culture and abandon their own traditions and languages.

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National Inquiry into Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Girls

A Canadian government inquiry established to investigate the systemic causes of violence against Indigenous women and girls.

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Indigenous Reconciliation

The process of rebuilding trust and repairing the historical injustices inflicted on Indigenous peoples in Canada.

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Trauma Care

Support and resources provided to victims of trauma, including mental health services, emotional support, and practical assistance.

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Family Member Involvement

Involving family members and survivors in the inquiry process to ensure their voices are heard and their experiences are valued.

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Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC)

A commission established in Canada to document the history and impact of residential schools on Indigenous peoples, and to make recommendations for healing and reconciliation.

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Systemic Causes

Underlying factors that contribute to the ongoing problem of MMIW, such as colonialism, racism, and gender inequality.

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Testimony

Statements given by survivors and family members, documenting their experiences and providing valuable insights into the MMIW issue.

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Indigenous Self-Determination

The right of Indigenous peoples to control their own affairs and make decisions that impact their communities.

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Government Inaction

The failure of governments to adequately address the MMIW crisis, despite widespread awareness and calls for action.

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Legislative Efforts (U.S.)

Attempts by U.S. lawmakers to address the MMIW issue through legislation and policy changes.

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Oil Industry and Indigenous Rights

The conflict between the development of the oil industry and the protection of Indigenous rights and land.

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Study Notes

Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women (MMIW) in the US and Canada

  • Indigenous women disproportionately experience homicide and disappearances.
  • Lack of a specific term for the issue initially hindered efforts.
  • Roxanne White, a Yakama and Nez Perce activist, became a leader in the movement after experiencing this firsthand
  • FBI re-examined 16 deaths near the Yakama reservation (mostly Native American women 1980-1992) finding no single serial killer.
  • Recent Washington State law mandates data collection of MMIW cases.
  • The law's sponsor, Gina Mosbrucker, was inspired by the 2017 film "Wind River," which brought attention to the problem.

Data Collection & Systemic Issues

  • Annita Lucchesi created a database of MMIW/MMIW cases (1900-present) including information from news, law enforcement, government, Native communities. 2,501 cases documented but data is incomplete.
  • Lack of government data collection on missing persons, compounded by jurisdictional issues with reservation lands.
  • Data reveals violence against Indigenous women is widespread:
    • 84% of Indigenous women report experiencing violence.
    • 56% have experienced sexual violence.
    • Homicide rate three times higher for Indigenous women than white women.
    • Murder rates disproportionately high in some counties for Indigenous women impacting investigations.
  • Problems stem from domestic violence, sex trafficking, police indifference, racism, limited resources for tribal governments, and jurisdictional conflicts.
  • Tribal courts often lack jurisdiction over perpetrators.

Legislative Initiatives

  • Savanna's Act (2017): proposed legislation requiring federal agencies to update databases, improve access to tribal governments, develop investigation standards, and publish annual reports with stats and recommendations. Introduced by Senator Heidi Heitkamp.
  • Minnesota legislation to create a task force to identify historical issues and solutions
  • Data gathering and protocol improvements are essential goals.

Canadian Context and Challenges

  • Canada's National Inquiry into Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Girls (MMIWG) launched in 2016.
  • Initial enthusiasm among families gradually waned, with issues like commissioner selection, lack of community input, and perceived lack of support
  • Families and advocates feel the inquiry was mismanaged.
  • Critics, including the Native Women's Association of Canada, are concerned about the scope of the inquiry. families are advocating for a focus on implementation and on addressing underlying causes beyond the legal framework.

Ongoing Needs and Empowerment

  • The movement emphasizes understanding the societal and historical roots of the violence rather than the specifics of each case.
  • Advocates advocate for local community-led solutions
  • Local Indigenous communities are taking the lead in demanding justice.
  • Gathering information about the missing women and holding the officials accountable is a key component of stopping the violence.
  • Community organizing, grassroots movements, and community-based initiatives are critical for success

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Description

Explore the alarming issue of Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women (MMIW) in the US and Canada, addressing systemic failures, data collection challenges, and advocacy efforts. Learn about key figures, such as Roxanne White, and legislative changes aimed at improving data transparency and support. This quiz highlights the cultural and social impact of MMIW, raising awareness about a critical human rights issue.

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