Indigenous and Black Women in Canada's Justice System

<p>Discrimination in policing and incarceration based on race. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>R v Gladue (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They introduced a motion to overturn the decision. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Many Canadians overlook and downplay the role of slavery in the country. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They were considered hypersexual and sexually available. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Forced sterilization and income disparities. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Their application in practice was not apparent. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Domination and oppression of one group by another (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Colonialism (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Incarceration increased by 131% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Practices and policies that perpetuate racial inequality (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>60% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ages 34-40 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Use of policies that disadvantage certain racial groups (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Consider all available sanctions, especially for Aboriginal offenders (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Marginalization and discrimination (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Younger average age and poorer socioeconomic status (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>She was sentenced to 3 years for manslaughter. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The unique systemic or background factors of Indigenous peoples and alternatives to incarceration. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Section 718.2(e) requires attention to Aboriginal offenders' circumstances. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Expansive punitive state power involving surveillance and detention. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>9.3% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It has not reduced Indigenous overrepresentation in prisons. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To address underlying issues and focus on healing. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dismantling all systems of incarceration. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>9.12% of federally incarcerated women are Black women. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It incorporates elder assistance and trauma-informed programming. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Limited programming is available due to low numbers of Indigenous women. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Decreased by 30%. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Judges recognized their misinterpretation and inadequacy. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is difficult to track exact statistics. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Considering alternatives to incarceration for addressing harm. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They overlooked the experiences of Black and racialized women. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Healing lodges focus on rehabilitation, impacting costs. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>He sought to ban Black immigration to Canada. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It refers to systemic discrimination in lending practices for racialized communities. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All programs meet the needs of Indigenous offenders. (A), Indigenous overrepresentation in prisons has decreased. (B), Indigenous programming is designed from Indigenous knowledge perspectives. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Carceral redlining (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Heightened fear and anxiety in affected individuals. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>She refused to leave a whites-only area in a movie theater. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are marked as 'undesirable' within a justice system. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Profiling (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Categorizing individuals based on racial characteristics. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It banned racial discrimination in housing practices. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Embedded practices of exclusion within the criminal justice system. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Legal principles ensuring Indigenous perspectives in justice processes.

Convicted child killer who sparked national outrage over prison transfer.

Trade where Black individuals were brought to Nova Scotia for labor.

Institution accepted in 1628, abolished in 1833, often overlooked today.

Negative labels imposed on Black women during slavery, reducing them to hypersexuality.

Indigenous women accounted for 49% of female admissions to federal custody.

A landmark case that addresses the treatment of Indigenous people in the criminal justice system.

The practice of disproportionately targeting certain racialized communities for incarceration.

Indigenous youth make up 43% of all criminalized youth, despite being 8.8% of the population.

Programs initiated by CSC aimed at addressing the needs of Indigenous women in custody.

A section of the Criminal Code requiring consideration of Indigenous circumstances in sentencing.

A 2012 Supreme Court case revisiting the implementation of Gladue principles.

A facility in Saskatchewan focused on healing for incarcerated Indigenous women.

A holistic correctional program tailored for Indigenous women offenders.

The impact of trauma experienced by one generation affecting subsequent generations.

Options considered by judges instead of traditional incarceration.

Correctional programs designed with Indigenous cultural perspectives.

Variations in the application of Gladue principles across different regions.

Domination by one group over others, eradicating identities.

Indigenous children taken from families and placed with White families.

Institutional practices that create racial inequality.

Institutional policies maintaining racial disadvantages.

Higher incarceration rates compared to non-Indigenous individuals.

Younger, poorer, and with higher health, educational, and trauma needs.

Incarcerated at rates 12.5 times greater than non-Indigenous women.

1996 reform introducing the purpose of sentencing in Canada.

To protect society and maintain justice through fair sanctions.

Trauma passed down through generations, affecting Indigenous peoples.

An analytical framework considering multiple social identities such as race and gender.

A Canadian civil rights activist known for refusing to leave a whites-only section of a movie theater.

A discriminatory practice marking regions on maps that restricts loan access to people of color.

The disproportionate imprisonment of BIPOC despite declining crime rates in society.

Law enforcement's assumption that individuals are suspicious based on their race or ethnicity.

Psychological impacts including PTSD, anxiety, and fear resulting from racial profiling.

The process of defining and categorizing people based on perceived racial characteristics.

A specific form of racism affecting Black Canadians in various social systems.

Increased police presence and surveillance in primarily Black and Indigenous communities.

A form of racism embedded in the policies and practices of institutions.

Expansive punitive state power enacting surveillance and punishment.

Disproportionate representation of Black individuals in prisons.

Lack of documented statistics on incarceration of Black women.

The process of making changes to improve an institution.

The total dismantling of systems of incarceration.

Black women represent 9.12% of federally incarcerated women in Canada.

Methods for addressing harm outside of prison systems.