Indicators of Malnutrition
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Questions and Answers

What is the aim regarding exclusive breastfeeding during the first six months?

  • Increase exclusive breastfeeding to 60%
  • Eliminate exclusive breastfeeding entirely
  • Reduce exclusive breastfeeding to less than 40%
  • Maintain exclusive breastfeeding to at least 50% (correct)

What reduction in under-5 childhood stunting is targeted?

  • 40% reduction (correct)
  • 30% reduction
  • 25% reduction
  • 50% reduction

What level of reduction in anemia among women of reproductive age is desirable?

  • 30% reduction
  • 50% reduction (correct)
  • 40% reduction
  • 20% reduction

What is the goal for the prevalence of childhood wasting according to the objectives?

<p>Reduce childhood wasting to less than 5% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage reduction in low birth weight is aimed for as part of maternal nutrition support?

<p>30% reduction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which objective specifically targets the reduction of stunting in children under-5?

<p>To prevent undernutrition in early childhood (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the targeted percentage reduction of anaemia in women according to UNICEF's strategy?

<p>50% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which age group is targeted for the prevention of low birth weight in newborns?

<p>Women of reproductive age (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the objective aimed at reducing childhood overweight?

<p>Ensure no increase in childhood overweight (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an objective of UNICEF’s new nutrition strategy related to adolescents?

<p>Prevent undernutrition in middle childhood and adolescence (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the overall goal concerning micronutrient deficiencies according to the strategy?

<p>Prevent deficiencies in early childhood and adulthood (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following age groups is NOT specified in UNICEF's objectives regarding overweight and undernutrition?

<p>Elderly (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary target for reducing under-5 stunting?

<p>40% reduction in stunting (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines the prevalence of anemia in non-pregnant women of reproductive age?

<p>Less than 120 grams per liter hemoglobin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the target reduction for low birth weight incidence?

<p>30% reduction in low birth weight (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines under-5 overweight according to WHO standards?

<p>More than 2 SD above the median weight-for-height (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the target outcome for exclusive breastfeeding of infants aged 0-5 months?

<p>No target specified for exclusive breastfeeding (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What health issues are linked to overweight and obesity?

<p>Diabetes, heart disease, and respiratory symptoms (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the target for reducing anemia specifically in pregnant women of reproductive age?

<p>50% reduction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a major cause of several non-communicable diseases (NCDs)?

<p>Obesity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT considered an outcome of overweight and obesity?

<p>Under-nutrition (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the target rate of exclusive breastfeeding within the first 6 months?

<p>50% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of childhood wasting according to the WHO?

<p>Children aged 0-59 months more than 2 SD below the median weight-for-height (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended daily intake of salt for the mean population?

<p>2g/day (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the target relative reduction in mean population salt intake?

<p>30% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines raised blood pressure in adults?

<p>BP ≥ 140/90 mmHg (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the target for the prevalence of raised blood pressure according to national circumstances?

<p>A 25% relative reduction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What BMI classification defines adult obesity?

<p>BMI ≥30 kg/m² (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What fasting glucose level is used to define diabetes in adults?

<p>≥7.0 mmol/L (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the target regarding the rise of obesity and diabetes in adults?

<p>Halt the rise in obesity and diabetes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Exclusive Breastfeeding

Giving a baby only breast milk for the first 6 months of life.

Childhood Wasting Reduction

Goal to reduce severe childhood malnutrition to less than 5%.

Early Childhood Undernutrition Prevention

Goal to stop undernutrition, micronutrient deficiencies, and overweight.

Nutrient Deficiencies Prevention

Goal to prevent undernutrition, micronutrient deficiencies, and overweight from middle childhood (5-19 yrs) to adolescence.

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Stunted Children Reduction

Reduce the number of stunted children under 5 by 40%.

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Stunted children

Children under 5 years old with impaired growth due to chronic malnutrition.

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40% reduction in stunted children

UNICEF's goal to decrease the number of stunted children under 5 by 40% as part of their nutrition strategy.

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Micronutrient deficiencies

Lack of essential vitamins and minerals in the diet.

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Child overweight

Children above a healthy weight range for their age and height.

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Low birth weight

A newborn weighing less than a healthy average weight.

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UNICEF nutrition strategy

A plan to tackle malnutrition in children and women of reproductive age.

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Anaemia in women

A reduction in red blood cell count.

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Overweight/Obesity

Excessive body weight, increasing risk of chronic diseases like diabetes, heart disease, stroke, and some cancers.

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Under-5 Stunting

Children under 5 significantly shorter than the average for their age, based on WHO standards.

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Anemia (Women)

Low hemoglobin levels in women of reproductive age, measured by blood tests.

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Low Birth Weight

Babies born weighing less than 2,500 grams.

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Under-5 Overweight

Children under 5 heavier than the average for their height, based on WHO standards.

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Exclusive Breastfeeding

Feeding infants only breast milk for the first six months of life.

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2025 Nutrition Targets

Global goals set to improve nutritional outcomes by 2025.

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Stunting Reduction Target

Reduce stunted children by 40%.

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Anemia Reduction Target

Reduce Anemia prevalence in women of reproductive age by 50%.

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Exclusive breastfeeding target

More than 50% of babies breastfed exclusively for the first 6 months.

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Childhood wasting target

Reduce childhood wasting to below 5%.

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Recommended daily salt intake

Average population intake should be 2 g/day.

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Target salt intake reduction

Aim for a 30% relative reduction in average salt intake.

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Raised blood pressure definition

Systolic and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 140/90 mmHg for adults (18+)

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Blood pressure reduction target

25% relative reduction or maintain prevalence

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Overweight/obesity BMI

Overweight: BMI ≥25 kg/m²; Obesity: BMI ≥30 kg/m² for adults (18+)

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Diabetes definition

Fasting glucose ≥7.0 mmol/L, or diagnosed diabetes, or on medication for high blood glucose.

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Obesity/diabetes target

Stop the growth of overweight and diabetes.

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Study Notes

Indicators of Malnutrition

  • Undernutrition: Lack of proper nutrition, caused by insufficient food intake, inadequate nutrient-rich foods, and other factors affecting growth and health.

  • Stunting (Children under five): Chronic undernutrition, resulting in growth failure over time. This can lead to cognitive impairments, delayed motor development, impaired brain function, and poor school performance.

  • Wasting (Children under five): Rapid deterioration of nutritional status, often due to acute food shortages or disease. Wasted children are at a higher risk of death and are categorized by the severity of malnutrition (moderate or severe).

  • Micronutrient Deficiencies: Deficiencies in vitamins or minerals from insufficient intake or absorption. These deficiencies, particularly in iron, zinc, vitamin A, folate, and iodine, can cause problems globally. Often, diverse diets are required to mitigate these deficiencies

  • Moderate and Severe Thinness/Underweight (Adults): A body mass index (BMI) below 18.5 (underweight) or below 17.0 (moderate/severe thinness) indicates a risk of ill health, poor performance, and even death in adults. A BMI of below 16.0 is considered a critical level.

  • Overweight and Obesity (Adults): Excessive fat accumulation that negatively impacts health. High BMI is linked to non-communicable diseases (NCDs), such as diabetes, coronary heart disease, strokes, and various cancers.

2025 Targets for Nutrition

  • Under-5 Stunting: 40% reduction in the number of stunted children aged 0-59 months (below 2 standard deviations from the median height-for-age of the WHO Child Growth Standards).

  • Anaemia in Reproductive-Age Women: 50% reduction of anaemia in pregnant and non-pregnant women. This is measured by hemoglobin levels below 110 grams per liter (pregnant) or 120 grams per liter (non-pregnant) at sea level.

  • Low Birth Weight: 30% reduction in low-birth-weight infants (weighing less than 2,500 grams).

  • Childhood Obesity: No increase in the prevalence of childhood overweight in children aged 0-59 months (above 2 standard deviations from the WHO Child Growth Standards median weight-for-height).

  • Exclusive Breastfeeding: Increase the rate of exclusive breastfeeding in infants aged 0-5 months to at least 50%.

  • Under-5 Wasting: Reduce and maintain childhood wasting to below 5% in children aged 0-59 months (below 2 standard deviations from the median weight-for-height of the WHO Child Growth Standards).

  • Salt Intake: 30% relative reduction in mean population intake of salt (recommended intake is 2 grams/day).

  • Adult Raised Blood Pressure: 25% relative reduction in the prevalence of raised blood pressure (systolic and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 140/90 mmHg in adults aged 18 or over), adjusted to national circumstances.

  • Adult Overweight, Obesity, and Diabetes: Halt the rise in obesity and diabetes in adults. Overweight (BMI ≥25 kg/m²), Obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m²), and Diabetes (fasting glucose ≥7.0 mmol/L, or on medication for raised blood glucose) are targeted.

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Global Nutrition 2018 PDF

Description

Explore the various indicators of malnutrition, including undernutrition, stunting, wasting, and micronutrient deficiencies. This quiz delves into the impacts of malnutrition on children under five and emphasizes the importance of a balanced diet. Test your knowledge on nutritional status and its consequences.

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