Indian Independence Movement

Bhartiya Rastra Andolan

Indian National Congress

• Founded in 1885 by A.O. Hume, an Englishman, with the objective of promoting Indian participation in the government
• Initially, the Congress was a platform for educated Indians to discuss and express their grievances to the British government
• Early leaders included Dadabhai Naoroji, W.C. Bonnerjee, and Gopal Krishna Gokhale
• Congress became a catalyst for the Indian independence movement

Role of Mahatma Gandhi

• Joined the Indian National Congress in 1915
• Introduced the concept of non-violent resistance (Satyagraha) in the Indian freedom struggle
• Led various movements, including the Non-Cooperation Movement and the Quit India Movement
• Emphasized the importance of swaraj (self-rule), swadeshi (indigenous goods), and non-violence
• Gandhi's leadership and philosophy played a significant role in shaping the Indian independence movement

Non-Cooperation Movement (1920-1922)

• Launched by Gandhi in response to the Jallianwala Bagh massacre and the Rowlatt Act
• Aimed to withdraw cooperation from the British government and its institutions
• People were encouraged to boycott British goods, law courts, and government schools
• Movement was suspended after the Chauri Chaura incident, where a mob attacked and burned a police station

Quit India Movement (1942-1944)

• Launched by Gandhi on August 8, 1942, with the slogan "Do or Die"
• Demanded immediate independence from British rule
• Movement was marked by widespread protests, strikes, and arrests
• Gandhi, Nehru, and other leaders were arrested, but the movement continued, albeit in a more sporadic manner

Indian Independence Act (1947)

• Enacted by the British Parliament on July 18, 1947
• Divided British India into two dominions: India and Pakistan
• Established the office of the Governor-General in both countries
• Paved the way for India's independence on August 15, 1947, and Pakistan's on August 14, 1947

Bhartiya Rastra Andolan

Indian National Congress

• Founded in 1885 by A.O. Hume to promote Indian participation in government
• Initially a platform for educated Indians to discuss grievances with the British government
• Early leaders: Dadabhai Naoroji, W.C. Bonnerjee, Gopal Krishna Gokhale
• Catalyzed the Indian independence movement

Mahatma Gandhi's Role

• Joined Indian National Congress in 1915
• Introduced non-violent resistance (Satyagraha) to Indian freedom struggle
• Led Non-Cooperation and Quit India Movements
• Emphasized swaraj (self-rule), swadeshi (indigenous goods), and non-violence
• Leadership and philosophy shaped Indian independence movement

Non-Cooperation Movement (1920-1922)

• Launched by Gandhi in response to Jallianwala Bagh massacre and Rowlatt Act
• Aimed to withdraw cooperation from British government and institutions
• Boycott of British goods, law courts, government schools
• Suspended after Chauri Chaura incident

Quit India Movement (1942-1944)

• Launched by Gandhi on August 8, 1942, with "Do or Die" slogan
• Demanded immediate independence from British rule
• Marked by widespread protests, strikes, arrests
• Gandhi, Nehru, and leaders arrested, but movement continued

Indian Independence Act (1947)

• Enacted by British Parliament on July 18, 1947
• Divided British India into India and Pakistan dominions
• Established Governor-General offices in both countries
• Paved way for India's independence on August 15, 1947, and Pakistan's on August 14, 1947

This quiz covers the Indian national movement, including the formation and role of the Indian National Congress and Mahatma Gandhi's involvement in the struggle for independence from British rule.