Questions and Answers
What was the initial aim of the Indian National Congress when it was founded in 1885?
What key event primarily drove the partition of India in 1947?
Which movement did Mahatma Gandhi lead that involved a significant protest against a specific tax?
Which of the following was NOT a characteristic of the Non-Cooperation Movement?
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What was the outcome of the Non-Cooperation Movement in 1922?
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Which prominent leader was NOT associated with the Indian National Congress during its early years?
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What philosophy did Mahatma Gandhi promote in his campaigns during the independence movement?
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The Salt March in 1930 was significant because it symbolized which aspect of the Indian independence movement?
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What was one major impact of the partition of India in 1947?
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What strategy was primarily employed during the Civil Disobedience Movement?
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Study Notes
Indian National Congress
- Founded in 1885 as a platform for political dialogue.
- Aimed to give Indians a voice in governance and gradually sought greater autonomy from British rule.
- Initially moderate, it shifted to more assertive demands for self-governance in early 20th century.
- Key figures included Dadabhai Naoroji, Bal Gangadhar Tilak, and later, Mahatma Gandhi.
Partition of India
- Occurred in 1947, resulting in the division of British India into two independent dominions: India and Pakistan.
- Driven by religious tensions, particularly between Hindus and Muslims.
- Led to widespread communal violence, mass migrations, and significant loss of life.
- Major impact on political landscape and the social fabric of the subcontinent.
Role of Mahatma Gandhi
- Emerged as a leading figure in the Indian independence movement in the 1910s.
- Advocated for non-violence (ahimsa) and truth (satyagraha).
- Organized campaigns against British injustices, including the Salt March in 1930.
- Promoted unity among diverse groups and emphasized civil rights.
Civil Disobedience
- A strategy used to resist British laws and demands through non-violent means.
- Key events included the Salt March where Indians protested against the salt tax.
- Aimed to challenge unjust laws and highlight the need for Indian autonomy.
- Significant in mobilizing the masses and gaining international attention.
Non-Cooperation Movement
- Launched in 1920 in response to the Jallianwala Bagh massacre and the Rowlatt Act.
- Encouraged Indians to withdraw from British institutions, boycott British goods, and promote swadeshi (indigenous products).
- Aimed to undermine British authority and demonstrate self-reliance.
- Faced setbacks, including its suspension in 1922 after violence erupted in Chauri Chaura.
Indian National Congress
- Established in 1885 to facilitate political discourse and representation for Indians.
- Initially focused on moderate reforms; evolved towards demands for self-governance by the early 20th century.
- Significant leaders included Dadabhai Naoroji, who advocated for economic reforms, Bal Gangadhar Tilak, known for his assertive nationalism, and Mahatma Gandhi's later leadership.
Partition of India
- Unfolded in 1947, creating two separate states: India and Pakistan.
- Rooted in escalating religious discord primarily between Hindus and Muslims.
- The partition triggered severe communal riots, enormous population displacements, and substantial casualties.
- The division profoundly changed the political dynamics and social structures across the Indian subcontinent.
Role of Mahatma Gandhi
- Rose to prominence in the 1910s as a central figure in the struggle for independence.
- Promoted principles of non-violence (ahimsa) and civil disobedience (satyagraha) as methods of resistance.
- Notably organized the Salt March in 1930, protesting British salt laws and mobilizing nationwide support.
- Advocated for harmony among different communities and championed civil rights for all Indians.
Civil Disobedience
- Employed as a non-violent method to oppose oppressive British laws.
- Central to the movement was the Salt March, which symbolized resistance against unjust taxation.
- Aimed to expose the illegitimacy of colonial laws and rally support for Indian self-rule.
- Played a crucial role in uniting diverse groups and drawing global attention to India's plight.
Non-Cooperation Movement
- Initiated in 1920 as a direct response to the oppressive Jallianwala Bagh massacre and the implementation of the Rowlatt Act.
- Urged Indian citizens to disengage from British services, boycott British goods, and support indigenous products through the swadeshi movement.
- Intended to weaken British power and promote Indian self-sufficiency.
- Encountered obstacles, culminating in its suspension in 1922 due to violent incidents in Chauri Chaura.
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Description
This quiz explores the formation and evolution of the Indian National Congress, its key figures, and its role in India's independence movement. It also covers significant events like the Partition of India and the influence of Mahatma Gandhi's principles. Test your knowledge on these crucial aspects of Indian history.
