Atomic structure
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Questions and Answers

What type of bond is formed when valence electrons are completely transferred between atoms?

  • Covalent bond
  • Polar bond
  • Ionic bond (correct)
  • Hydrogen bond

Why do atoms bond together?

  • To increase their energy levels
  • To become more unstable
  • To form compounds that are more stable than separate atoms (correct)
  • To lose electrons

Which type of bond results from the sharing of electrons?

  • Metallic bond
  • Ionic bond
  • Polar covalent bond
  • Covalent bond (correct)

In the formation of HF, how do the fluorine atoms complete their octets?

<p>By sharing a pair of electrons (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of bond is predominant in compounds of carbon according to the text?

<p>Covalent bond (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to energy when a chemical bond forms?

<p>Energy is released from the chemical system (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of atomic orbital is the most common in organic and biological chemistry?

<p>s orbital (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many electrons can a 2p orbital hold?

<p>8 electrons (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which electron shell can you find five different types of orbitals?

<p>Third shell (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the total capacity of the second shell in terms of electrons?

<p>8 electrons (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which electron configuration represents the lowest-energy arrangement of an atom?

<p>Ground-state electron configuration (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many different shapes of orbitals are there in atomic theory and quantum mechanics?

<p>Four shapes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What imparts special stability to the noble gas elements in group 8 A of the periodic table?

<p>Eight electrons in the valence shell (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What electron configuration governs the chemistry of main-group elements?

<p>The electron configuration of the nearest noble gas (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are covalent bonds indicated in Lewis structures?

<p>As dots representing valence electrons (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the electron configuration for oxygen represented as in Lewis structures?

<p>$2s^2 2p^4$ (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many dots are used to represent a stable molecule according to the text?

<p>Two dots for hydrogen atoms (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a simpler way of indicating covalent bonds than Lewis structures?

<p>Kekulé structures (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of bond results from the interaction of sp2sp2 bond and a 2p2p bond?

<p>Double bond (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many electrons are shared in the formation of a carboncarbon double bond?

<p>Four electrons (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the molecule acetylene, H-C C-H, how many hybrid orbitals are involved in the triple bond formation?

<p>Two sp hybrid orbitals (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When two sp-hybridized carbon atoms approach each other, what type of bond is formed?

<p>Sigma bond (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many sp hybrid orbitals result from the hybridization of a carbon 2s orbital with a single p orbital?

<p>Two (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of interaction forms the pzpz bond when two sp-hybridized carbon atoms approach each other?

<p>Side-to-side overlap (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason why most chemical compounds contain carbon?

<p>Carbon can share four valence electrons and form strong covalent bonds. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic of carbon allows it to form long chains and rings?

<p>Its capability to bond to other carbon atoms. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which feature distinguishes carbon from all other elements?

<p>Immense diversity in compound formation. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What subatomic particles make up the nucleus of an atom?

<p>Protons and neutrons. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the number of positive protons in an atom's nucleus equal to the number of negative electrons surrounding it?

<p>To maintain overall electrical neutrality of the atom. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the role of carbon in forming compounds?

<p>Carbon can form an extensive range of compounds with diverse structures. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When forming bonds, carbon uses two kinds of orbitals: 2s and 3p.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The number of valence electrons in hydrogen is two.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In methane (CH4), all four C-H bonds are spatially oriented toward the corners of a regular tetrahedron.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The resultant sp3 hybrid orbitals when an s orbital hybridizes with three p orbitals are symmetrical about the nucleus.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Linus Pauling showed mathematically how an s orbital and three p orbitals on an atom can combine to form three equivalent atomic orbitals with tetrahedral orientation.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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