Atomic structure

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What type of bond is formed when valence electrons are completely transferred between atoms?

Covalent bond

Polar bond

Ionic bond (correct)

Hydrogen bond

Why do atoms bond together?

To increase their energy levels

To become more unstable

To form compounds that are more stable than separate atoms (correct)

To lose electrons

Which type of bond results from the sharing of electrons?

Metallic bond

Ionic bond

Polar covalent bond

Covalent bond (correct)

In the formation of HF, how do the fluorine atoms complete their octets?

By sharing a pair of electrons Signup and view all the answers

What type of bond is predominant in compounds of carbon according to the text?

Covalent bond Signup and view all the answers

What happens to energy when a chemical bond forms?

Energy is released from the chemical system Signup and view all the answers

Which type of atomic orbital is the most common in organic and biological chemistry?

s orbital Signup and view all the answers

How many electrons can a 2p orbital hold?

8 electrons Signup and view all the answers

In which electron shell can you find five different types of orbitals?

Third shell Signup and view all the answers

What is the total capacity of the second shell in terms of electrons?

8 electrons Signup and view all the answers

Which electron configuration represents the lowest-energy arrangement of an atom?

Ground-state electron configuration Signup and view all the answers

How many different shapes of orbitals are there in atomic theory and quantum mechanics?

Four shapes Signup and view all the answers

What imparts special stability to the noble gas elements in group 8 A of the periodic table?

Eight electrons in the valence shell Signup and view all the answers

What electron configuration governs the chemistry of main-group elements?

The electron configuration of the nearest noble gas Signup and view all the answers

How are covalent bonds indicated in Lewis structures?

As dots representing valence electrons Signup and view all the answers

What is the electron configuration for oxygen represented as in Lewis structures?

$2s^2 2p^4$ Signup and view all the answers

How many dots are used to represent a stable molecule according to the text?

Two dots for hydrogen atoms Signup and view all the answers

What is a simpler way of indicating covalent bonds than Lewis structures?

Kekulé structures Signup and view all the answers

What type of bond results from the interaction of sp2sp2 bond and a 2p2p bond?

Double bond Signup and view all the answers

How many electrons are shared in the formation of a carboncarbon double bond?

Four electrons Signup and view all the answers

In the molecule acetylene, H-C C-H, how many hybrid orbitals are involved in the triple bond formation?

Two sp hybrid orbitals Signup and view all the answers

When two sp-hybridized carbon atoms approach each other, what type of bond is formed?

Sigma bond Signup and view all the answers

How many sp hybrid orbitals result from the hybridization of a carbon 2s orbital with a single p orbital?

Two Signup and view all the answers

What type of interaction forms the pzpz bond when two sp-hybridized carbon atoms approach each other?

Side-to-side overlap Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason why most chemical compounds contain carbon?

Carbon can share four valence electrons and form strong covalent bonds. Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic of carbon allows it to form long chains and rings?

Its capability to bond to other carbon atoms. Signup and view all the answers

Which feature distinguishes carbon from all other elements?

Immense diversity in compound formation. Signup and view all the answers

What subatomic particles make up the nucleus of an atom?

Protons and neutrons. Signup and view all the answers

Why is the number of positive protons in an atom's nucleus equal to the number of negative electrons surrounding it?

To maintain overall electrical neutrality of the atom. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the role of carbon in forming compounds?

Carbon can form an extensive range of compounds with diverse structures. Signup and view all the answers

When forming bonds, carbon uses two kinds of orbitals: 2s and 3p.

False Signup and view all the answers

The number of valence electrons in hydrogen is two.

False Signup and view all the answers

In methane (CH4), all four C-H bonds are spatially oriented toward the corners of a regular tetrahedron.

True Signup and view all the answers

The resultant sp3 hybrid orbitals when an s orbital hybridizes with three p orbitals are symmetrical about the nucleus.

False Signup and view all the answers

Linus Pauling showed mathematically how an s orbital and three p orbitals on an atom can combine to form three equivalent atomic orbitals with tetrahedral orientation.

False Signup and view all the answers

Atomic structure

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Questions and Answers

What type of bond is formed when valence electrons are completely transferred between atoms?

Why do atoms bond together?

Which type of bond results from the sharing of electrons?

In the formation of HF, how do the fluorine atoms complete their octets?

What type of bond is predominant in compounds of carbon according to the text?

What happens to energy when a chemical bond forms?

Which type of atomic orbital is the most common in organic and biological chemistry?

How many electrons can a 2p orbital hold?

In which electron shell can you find five different types of orbitals?

What is the total capacity of the second shell in terms of electrons?

Which electron configuration represents the lowest-energy arrangement of an atom?

How many different shapes of orbitals are there in atomic theory and quantum mechanics?

What imparts special stability to the noble gas elements in group 8 A of the periodic table?

What electron configuration governs the chemistry of main-group elements?

How are covalent bonds indicated in Lewis structures?

What is the electron configuration for oxygen represented as in Lewis structures?

How many dots are used to represent a stable molecule according to the text?

What is a simpler way of indicating covalent bonds than Lewis structures?

What type of bond results from the interaction of sp2sp2 bond and a 2p2p bond?

How many electrons are shared in the formation of a carboncarbon double bond?

In the molecule acetylene, H-C C-H, how many hybrid orbitals are involved in the triple bond formation?

When two sp-hybridized carbon atoms approach each other, what type of bond is formed?

How many sp hybrid orbitals result from the hybridization of a carbon 2s orbital with a single p orbital?

What type of interaction forms the pzpz bond when two sp-hybridized carbon atoms approach each other?

What is the main reason why most chemical compounds contain carbon?

What characteristic of carbon allows it to form long chains and rings?

Which feature distinguishes carbon from all other elements?

What subatomic particles make up the nucleus of an atom?

Why is the number of positive protons in an atom's nucleus equal to the number of negative electrons surrounding it?

Which statement accurately describes the role of carbon in forming compounds?

When forming bonds, carbon uses two kinds of orbitals: 2s and 3p.

The number of valence electrons in hydrogen is two.

In methane (CH4), all four C-H bonds are spatially oriented toward the corners of a regular tetrahedron.

The resultant sp3 hybrid orbitals when an s orbital hybridizes with three p orbitals are symmetrical about the nucleus.

Linus Pauling showed mathematically how an s orbital and three p orbitals on an atom can combine to form three equivalent atomic orbitals with tetrahedral orientation.

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