Racial Prejudice and Implicit Bias Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What theory extends beyond traditional views of racism as identified in modern contexts?

Aversive racism (correct)

Situational ethics

Social learning theory

Cognitive dissonance theory

What does the implicit association test (IAT) primarily measure?

Implicit attitudes through response time (correct)

Explicit attitudes only

Verbal reasoning skills

Conscious bias in decision-making

Which of the following best describes implicit social cognition?

Controlled behaviors based on explicit beliefs

Cognitive awareness of social norms

Deliberate evaluations of social group membership

Automatic, unintentional biases affecting behavior (correct)

How do implicit attitudes usually differ from explicit attitudes in racial contexts?

Implicit attitudes operate largely outside of awareness Signup and view all the answers

What was the significant inspiration for the study of implicit bias as seen in the IAT?

Subliminal primes and ambiguous evaluations Signup and view all the answers

Which demographic factors are associated with stronger pro-white implicit bias?

Older individuals and conservatives Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant outcome of implicit race bias in employment?

Greater callbacks for white applicants compared to black applicants Signup and view all the answers

What factors can lead to a change in implicit attitudes?

Contextual changes and personal motivations Signup and view all the answers

What has been observed in societal trends regarding implicit biases from 2007-2020?

Decrease in racial bias and anti-gay bias Signup and view all the answers

What concept describes how collective judgment can improve the accuracy of predictions in various domains?

The wisdom of crowds effect Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant effect of stigma among healthcare providers towards patients with substance use disorders?

Lower empathy from providers Signup and view all the answers

Which model of interaction applies when a patient collaborates fully with a doctor to manage a chronic illness?

Mutual participation model Signup and view all the answers

How do class differences affect patient communication with physicians?

Patients with lower education levels are more passive in their interactions Signup and view all the answers

What factor is critical in establishing a trusting doctor-patient relationship?

Open and honest communication Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of male physicians on the diagnosis and treatment of female patients?

Increased likelihood of misdiagnosis of conditions like heart attacks Signup and view all the answers

What is the guidance cooperation model primarily associated with?

Patients with acute, often infectious illnesses Signup and view all the answers

What consequence can arise from a lack of trust in healthcare?

Avoidance of the medical system Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of the activity-passivity model?

Doctor holds all decision-making power Signup and view all the answers

Why is effective communication crucial in the doctor-patient relationship?

It strengthens the physician-patient relationship Signup and view all the answers

What is a distinguishing feature of female physicians in patient care?

Higher empathy towards patient concerns Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the effects of stigma from healthcare providers on patients with substance use disorders?

Lower patient engagement and shorter visit times Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of the mutual participation model in doctor-patient interactions?

Patients operate fully as participants in managing their condition. Signup and view all the answers

How do cultural differences impact communication in healthcare settings?

Cultural misunderstandings frequently inhibit effective healthcare navigation. Signup and view all the answers

What consequence may result from poor communication between physicians and patients?

Avoidance of the medical system Signup and view all the answers

In what way do class differences influence medical seeking behaviors?

Higher-income individuals tend to ask more questions and engage actively. Signup and view all the answers

What factor is considered crucial in building trust within the doctor-patient relationship?

Displaying empathy and understanding Signup and view all the answers

What does the activity-passivity model represent?

A scenario where patients are helpless during emergency care. Signup and view all the answers

What outcome is associated with mistrust in healthcare providers?

Increased patient anxiety and avoidance of the system Signup and view all the answers

What influence do male physicians have on female patients in clinical settings?

They may misdiagnose conditions, attributing them to psychological issues. Signup and view all the answers

Why is patient-centered care emphasized in modern healthcare?

It respects patient preferences and encourages active participation. Signup and view all the answers

What primarily influences a person's gender identity throughout their life?

Societal roles and personal experiences Signup and view all the answers

What factor has contributed to the narrowing of the gender gap in life expectancy since the 1980s?

Greater participation of women in the labor force Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best explains the concept of biological disadvantage in terms of male life expectancy?

Men experience higher mortality during early developmental stages Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following behaviors is most associated with the higher mortality rates of men?

Engaging in risky health behaviors Signup and view all the answers

How does gender intersect with other social processes like class and ethnicity?

It complicates the understanding of individual identities Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant consequence of male occupation-related mortality?

Increased risk from engaging in hazardous occupations Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of gender is critical to consider in discussions about well-being?

The multidimensionality of gender influences health outcomes Signup and view all the answers

Which gender-related risk factor is less likely to contribute to female mortality rates?

Higher rates of substance abuse Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is predominantly associated with higher instances of acute and chronic illnesses in women compared to men?

Greater sensitivity to bodily discomforts Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant barrier that LGBTQ individuals face when accessing health services?

Fear of discrimination from healthcare providers Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the relationship between gender, education, and mortality trends?

Mortality rates for lower educated non-Hispanic whites have increased Signup and view all the answers

How does intersectionality contribute to health outcomes for marginalized individuals?

It creates compounded health risks and barriers to care. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions is NOT commonly cited as a leading cause of death for women?

Suicide Signup and view all the answers

What underlying factor primarily contributes to higher instances of mental health issues among LGBTQ individuals?

Societal attitudes and stigma Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is associated with health disparities in the LGBTQ community?

Substance use and economic disparities Signup and view all the answers

Which health issue is unique to the LGBTQ community but reflects broader societal issues?

HIV and AIDS Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best defines heteronormativity?

The dominance of heterosexuality that marginalizes other sexual orientations Signup and view all the answers

What explains the higher rates of breast cancer among women in higher status jobs compared to those in lower status jobs?

Increased exposure to occupational hazards in higher status jobs Signup and view all the answers

What primarily distinguishes gender from sex?

Self-identified identity and expression Signup and view all the answers

Which factor has historically contributed to the male death rates exceeding those of females?

Occupational hazards associated with male-dominated jobs Signup and view all the answers

What social psychological factors contribute to lower male life expectancy?

Aggressive behaviors and risky health habits Signup and view all the answers

How did women's migration into the labor force during WWII influence life expectancy?

It positively impacted longevity and altered traditional roles Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common misconception about the relationship between gender and health?

Men live longer than women in all societies Signup and view all the answers

What is a factor contributing to male inferiority in life expectancy?

Higher mortality during prenatal and neonatal stages Signup and view all the answers

What concept helps to understand the multidimensionality of gender?

Intersectionality of gender with race and class Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following behaviors is commonly linked to higher mortality rates in men?

Risk-taking and aggressive behavior patterns Signup and view all the answers

What can be inferred about the health outcomes of marginalized identities at the intersection of various social categories?

They often face compounded health risks and barriers to care. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are primary causes of death for women according to mortality trends?

Heart disease and cancer Signup and view all the answers

What factor contributes to the higher risk of mental health issues among LGBTQ individuals?

Society's attitudes and experiences of prejudice Signup and view all the answers

How does the term 'heteronormativity' influence societal perspectives on sexual orientation?

It prioritizes and normalizes heterosexuality in society. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the barriers faced by LGBTQ individuals in healthcare is true?

Fear of discrimination leads many LGBTQ individuals to avoid seeking healthcare. Signup and view all the answers

Which health issue commonly affects LGBTQ individuals beyond HIV and AIDS?

Mental health and substance use disorders Signup and view all the answers

What impact does female longevity have on women's life choices as they age?

They often have to navigate decisions about employment and family life. Signup and view all the answers

Among the following, which statement is true regarding the health services utilization by women compared to men?

Women tend to utilize health services more than men. Signup and view all the answers

Which demographic is more likely to experience an increase in mortality due to drug overdoses and suicide?

Lower educated non-Hispanic whites Signup and view all the answers

What health management challenge affects transgender individuals in healthcare settings?

Fear of discrimination leads to avoidance of healthcare. Signup and view all the answers

What factor contributes to the misunderstanding of the concept of race in society?

Historical processes and social constructs Signup and view all the answers

Which group is less likely to be prescribed narcotic pain medication compared to white individuals?

Blacks Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about ethnicity is accurate?

Everyone belongs to an ethnic group. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following health issues has higher mortality rates among non-Hispanic whites?

COPD and respiratory diseases Signup and view all the answers

What is a notable characteristic of major depression among black individuals compared to their white counterparts?

They experience more severe symptoms. Signup and view all the answers

When comparing breast cancer rates, which statement is true regarding black women?

They are more likely to have aggressive forms of breast cancer. Signup and view all the answers

What is a common misconception regarding the pain threshold of black individuals?

They have a heightened pain threshold. Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is associated with the growing share of hispanics in the US population?

Lower rates of health insurance coverage Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the leading causes of death for Hispanic populations?

Stroke Signup and view all the answers

What factor contributes to health disparities in Asian Americans?

Language barriers Signup and view all the answers

Which hypothesis explains health disparities among races due to societal marginalization?

Weathering Hypothesis Signup and view all the answers

What historic event involved unethical medical experimentation on marginalized communities?

Tuskegee Syphilis Study Signup and view all the answers

What is a common health issue that Asian American women face concerning cancer?

Lower cancer diagnosis at early stages Signup and view all the answers

What impact does chronic stress have on the health of ethnic minority groups?

It contributes to poorer physical health Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is NOT a leading cause of death for Native Americans?

Stroke Signup and view all the answers

What misconception may obscure health disparities experienced by Asian Americans?

The model minority stereotype Signup and view all the answers

What critical role does historical racial bias in healthcare systems play?

It fosters mistrust towards medical professionals Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on health disparities?

It exacerbated existing racial health disparities Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true regarding the distinction between race and ethnicity?

Everyone belongs to an ethnic group, but not everyone belongs to a specific race. Signup and view all the answers

What is a common misconception related to pain management discrepancies between racial groups?

Black individuals have biologically evolved to resist pain better than other groups. Signup and view all the answers

In terms of breast cancer outcomes, how do Black women differ from White women?

Black women are more likely to be diagnosed with breast cancer at an advanced stage. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement correctly describes mortality rates associated with non-Hispanic Whites?

COPD and respiratory diseases are more common in non-Hispanic Whites than in Hispanic populations. Signup and view all the answers

What factor significantly affects the mental health of Black individuals compared to White individuals?

Depressed Blacks typically experience more severe symptoms and higher levels of impairment. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements differentiates ethnicity from race?

Ethnicity encompasses cultural practices and heritage while race relies on perceived physical characteristics. Signup and view all the answers

How does the perception of pain differ among healthcare providers regarding Black and White patients?

Providers perceive Black individuals as having a higher pain threshold which affects prescription practices. Signup and view all the answers

What can be inferred about the relationship between race and cancer mortality?

Black women face unique challenges with aggressive breast cancer forms and treatment. Signup and view all the answers

What is a shared leading cause of death among Hispanic and Native American populations?

Unintentional injuries Signup and view all the answers

Which factor significantly contributes to health disparities experienced by Asian Americans?

Perceptions of health as a model minority Signup and view all the answers

What historical event was directly linked to unethical medical research involving marginalized individuals?

Tuskegee Syphilis Study Signup and view all the answers

The Weathering Hypothesis emphasizes that health disparities among races result primarily from which of the following?

Age and experiences of marginalization Signup and view all the answers

Which chronic health issue has a higher prevalence among Asian Americans compared to other groups?

Hepatitis B Signup and view all the answers

What is one critical reason for the mistrust of the medical system among people of color?

Historical abuses in medical research Signup and view all the answers

What effect does racism have on the overall health of ethnic minority groups?

It is linked to both mental and physical health detriments Signup and view all the answers

Which event exemplified racial bias in public health practices during a health crisis?

Philadelphia yellow fever epidemic Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements best describes an outcome of the forced sterilization practices in the U.S.?

Long-term psychological trauma and mistrust in medical care Signup and view all the answers

What is a prevalent health challenge faced by Hispanic populations?

Higher prevalence of diabetes Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Racial Prejudice and Implicit Bias

Despite reported reductions in racial prejudice towards Black Americans, significant disparities persist in housing, employment, education, healthcare, and law enforcement. A national ideal of equality conflicts with the historical legacy of Black slavery.

Modern and Aversive Racism

By the 1980s, theories of racism evolved beyond "old-fashioned" racism.
Modern racism, aversive racism, and implicit bias emerged.
The Implicit Association Test (IAT) measures implicit bias.

Implicit Association Test (IAT)

Implicit bias is an automatic, unintentional bias affecting judgments, decisions, and behaviors.
Implicit social cognition analyzes speed and accuracy to assess the strength of mental associations.
Implicit attitudes are often outside conscious awareness and control.

Implicit and Explicit Racial Bias

People prefer their in-group over out-groups (e.g., racial, sports, academic).
White Americans typically show a pro-white implicit bias, and Black Americans a lower pro-black bias. Similar trends exist for other disadvantaged groups.
Implicit biases are stable across factors like religion and education level, but influenced by age, gender, and political ideology.

Age, Gender, and Political Ideology

Pro-white bias tends to increase with age (stronger among those over 60 compared to under 20).
Pro-white bias is stronger among conservatives than liberals.
Men tend to exhibit a stronger pro-white bias than women.

Regional Bias and Societal Outcomes

Implicit bias is connected to discriminatory outcomes, including employment discrimination (e.g., callbacks for job applications).
Crowd bias considers the surrounding situation as a primary driver, suggesting living in a specific region or period affects implicit bias.

Changing Implicit Attitudes

Implicit attitudes can be influenced by context, personal motivations, and goals.
Some interventions to reduce implicit race bias have shown success but, in many cases, the reduction is temporary.

Societal Changes in Implicit Bias

Real-world trends reveal decreasing racial and anti-gay bias during a specific time period.
However, some biases remain stable or even show a shift, depending on the target group being considered.

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Description

This quiz explores the concepts of racial prejudice, implicit bias, and modern forms of racism. Examine the historical context, the evolution of racism theories, and the impact of implicit bias on judgments and behaviors. Test your understanding of these critical social issues.