Racial Prejudice and Implicit Bias Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What theory extends beyond traditional views of racism as identified in modern contexts?

  • Aversive racism (correct)
  • Situational ethics
  • Social learning theory
  • Cognitive dissonance theory

    • What does the implicit association test (IAT) primarily measure?

  • Implicit attitudes through response time (correct)
  • Explicit attitudes only
  • Verbal reasoning skills
  • Conscious bias in decision-making

    • Which of the following best describes implicit social cognition?

  • Controlled behaviors based on explicit beliefs
  • Cognitive awareness of social norms
  • Deliberate evaluations of social group membership
  • Automatic, unintentional biases affecting behavior (correct)

    • How do implicit attitudes usually differ from explicit attitudes in racial contexts?

    <p>Implicit attitudes operate largely outside of awareness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the significant inspiration for the study of implicit bias as seen in the IAT?

    <p>Subliminal primes and ambiguous evaluations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which demographic factors are associated with stronger pro-white implicit bias?

    <p>Older individuals and conservatives</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant outcome of implicit race bias in employment?

    <p>Greater callbacks for white applicants compared to black applicants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factors can lead to a change in implicit attitudes?

    <p>Contextual changes and personal motivations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What has been observed in societal trends regarding implicit biases from 2007-2020?

    <p>Decrease in racial bias and anti-gay bias</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What concept describes how collective judgment can improve the accuracy of predictions in various domains?

    <p>The wisdom of crowds effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant effect of stigma among healthcare providers towards patients with substance use disorders?

    <p>Lower empathy from providers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which model of interaction applies when a patient collaborates fully with a doctor to manage a chronic illness?

    <p>Mutual participation model</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do class differences affect patient communication with physicians?

    <p>Patients with lower education levels are more passive in their interactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor is critical in establishing a trusting doctor-patient relationship?

    <p>Open and honest communication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of male physicians on the diagnosis and treatment of female patients?

    <p>Increased likelihood of misdiagnosis of conditions like heart attacks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the guidance cooperation model primarily associated with?

    <p>Patients with acute, often infectious illnesses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What consequence can arise from a lack of trust in healthcare?

    <p>Avoidance of the medical system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of the activity-passivity model?

    <p>Doctor holds all decision-making power</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is effective communication crucial in the doctor-patient relationship?

    <p>It strengthens the physician-patient relationship</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a distinguishing feature of female physicians in patient care?

    <p>Higher empathy towards patient concerns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the effects of stigma from healthcare providers on patients with substance use disorders?

    <p>Lower patient engagement and shorter visit times</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of the mutual participation model in doctor-patient interactions?

    <p>Patients operate fully as participants in managing their condition.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do cultural differences impact communication in healthcare settings?

    <p>Cultural misunderstandings frequently inhibit effective healthcare navigation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What consequence may result from poor communication between physicians and patients?

    <p>Avoidance of the medical system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way do class differences influence medical seeking behaviors?

    <p>Higher-income individuals tend to ask more questions and engage actively.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor is considered crucial in building trust within the doctor-patient relationship?

    <p>Displaying empathy and understanding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the activity-passivity model represent?

    <p>A scenario where patients are helpless during emergency care.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What outcome is associated with mistrust in healthcare providers?

    <p>Increased patient anxiety and avoidance of the system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What influence do male physicians have on female patients in clinical settings?

    <p>They may misdiagnose conditions, attributing them to psychological issues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is patient-centered care emphasized in modern healthcare?

    <p>It respects patient preferences and encourages active participation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primarily influences a person's gender identity throughout their life?

    <p>Societal roles and personal experiences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor has contributed to the narrowing of the gender gap in life expectancy since the 1980s?

    <p>Greater participation of women in the labor force</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best explains the concept of biological disadvantage in terms of male life expectancy?

    <p>Men experience higher mortality during early developmental stages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following behaviors is most associated with the higher mortality rates of men?

    <p>Engaging in risky health behaviors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does gender intersect with other social processes like class and ethnicity?

    <p>It complicates the understanding of individual identities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant consequence of male occupation-related mortality?

    <p>Increased risk from engaging in hazardous occupations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of gender is critical to consider in discussions about well-being?

    <p>The multidimensionality of gender influences health outcomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gender-related risk factor is less likely to contribute to female mortality rates?

    <p>Higher rates of substance abuse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is predominantly associated with higher instances of acute and chronic illnesses in women compared to men?

    <p>Greater sensitivity to bodily discomforts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant barrier that LGBTQ individuals face when accessing health services?

    <p>Fear of discrimination from healthcare providers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the relationship between gender, education, and mortality trends?

    <p>Mortality rates for lower educated non-Hispanic whites have increased</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does intersectionality contribute to health outcomes for marginalized individuals?

    <p>It creates compounded health risks and barriers to care.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions is NOT commonly cited as a leading cause of death for women?

    <p>Suicide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What underlying factor primarily contributes to higher instances of mental health issues among LGBTQ individuals?

    <p>Societal attitudes and stigma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is associated with health disparities in the LGBTQ community?

    <p>Substance use and economic disparities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which health issue is unique to the LGBTQ community but reflects broader societal issues?

    <p>HIV and AIDS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best defines heteronormativity?

    <p>The dominance of heterosexuality that marginalizes other sexual orientations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What explains the higher rates of breast cancer among women in higher status jobs compared to those in lower status jobs?

    <p>Increased exposure to occupational hazards in higher status jobs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primarily distinguishes gender from sex?

    <p>Self-identified identity and expression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor has historically contributed to the male death rates exceeding those of females?

    <p>Occupational hazards associated with male-dominated jobs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What social psychological factors contribute to lower male life expectancy?

    <p>Aggressive behaviors and risky health habits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did women's migration into the labor force during WWII influence life expectancy?

    <p>It positively impacted longevity and altered traditional roles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common misconception about the relationship between gender and health?

    <p>Men live longer than women in all societies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a factor contributing to male inferiority in life expectancy?

    <p>Higher mortality during prenatal and neonatal stages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What concept helps to understand the multidimensionality of gender?

    <p>Intersectionality of gender with race and class</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following behaviors is commonly linked to higher mortality rates in men?

    <p>Risk-taking and aggressive behavior patterns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be inferred about the health outcomes of marginalized identities at the intersection of various social categories?

    <p>They often face compounded health risks and barriers to care.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following are primary causes of death for women according to mortality trends?

    <p>Heart disease and cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor contributes to the higher risk of mental health issues among LGBTQ individuals?

    <p>Society's attitudes and experiences of prejudice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the term 'heteronormativity' influence societal perspectives on sexual orientation?

    <p>It prioritizes and normalizes heterosexuality in society.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the barriers faced by LGBTQ individuals in healthcare is true?

    <p>Fear of discrimination leads many LGBTQ individuals to avoid seeking healthcare.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which health issue commonly affects LGBTQ individuals beyond HIV and AIDS?

    <p>Mental health and substance use disorders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What impact does female longevity have on women's life choices as they age?

    <p>They often have to navigate decisions about employment and family life.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Among the following, which statement is true regarding the health services utilization by women compared to men?

    <p>Women tend to utilize health services more than men.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which demographic is more likely to experience an increase in mortality due to drug overdoses and suicide?

    <p>Lower educated non-Hispanic whites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What health management challenge affects transgender individuals in healthcare settings?

    <p>Fear of discrimination leads to avoidance of healthcare.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor contributes to the misunderstanding of the concept of race in society?

    <p>Historical processes and social constructs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group is less likely to be prescribed narcotic pain medication compared to white individuals?

    <p>Blacks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about ethnicity is accurate?

    <p>Everyone belongs to an ethnic group.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following health issues has higher mortality rates among non-Hispanic whites?

    <p>COPD and respiratory diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a notable characteristic of major depression among black individuals compared to their white counterparts?

    <p>They experience more severe symptoms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When comparing breast cancer rates, which statement is true regarding black women?

    <p>They are more likely to have aggressive forms of breast cancer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common misconception regarding the pain threshold of black individuals?

    <p>They have a heightened pain threshold.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is associated with the growing share of hispanics in the US population?

    <p>Lower rates of health insurance coverage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the leading causes of death for Hispanic populations?

    <p>Stroke</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor contributes to health disparities in Asian Americans?

    <p>Language barriers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hypothesis explains health disparities among races due to societal marginalization?

    <p>Weathering Hypothesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What historic event involved unethical medical experimentation on marginalized communities?

    <p>Tuskegee Syphilis Study</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common health issue that Asian American women face concerning cancer?

    <p>Lower cancer diagnosis at early stages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What impact does chronic stress have on the health of ethnic minority groups?

    <p>It contributes to poorer physical health</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is NOT a leading cause of death for Native Americans?

    <p>Stroke</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What misconception may obscure health disparities experienced by Asian Americans?

    <p>The model minority stereotype</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What critical role does historical racial bias in healthcare systems play?

    <p>It fosters mistrust towards medical professionals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on health disparities?

    <p>It exacerbated existing racial health disparities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true regarding the distinction between race and ethnicity?

    <p>Everyone belongs to an ethnic group, but not everyone belongs to a specific race.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common misconception related to pain management discrepancies between racial groups?

    <p>Black individuals have biologically evolved to resist pain better than other groups.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In terms of breast cancer outcomes, how do Black women differ from White women?

    <p>Black women are more likely to be diagnosed with breast cancer at an advanced stage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement correctly describes mortality rates associated with non-Hispanic Whites?

    <p>COPD and respiratory diseases are more common in non-Hispanic Whites than in Hispanic populations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor significantly affects the mental health of Black individuals compared to White individuals?

    <p>Depressed Blacks typically experience more severe symptoms and higher levels of impairment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements differentiates ethnicity from race?

    <p>Ethnicity encompasses cultural practices and heritage while race relies on perceived physical characteristics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the perception of pain differ among healthcare providers regarding Black and White patients?

    <p>Providers perceive Black individuals as having a higher pain threshold which affects prescription practices.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be inferred about the relationship between race and cancer mortality?

    <p>Black women face unique challenges with aggressive breast cancer forms and treatment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a shared leading cause of death among Hispanic and Native American populations?

    <p>Unintentional injuries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor significantly contributes to health disparities experienced by Asian Americans?

    <p>Perceptions of health as a model minority</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What historical event was directly linked to unethical medical research involving marginalized individuals?

    <p>Tuskegee Syphilis Study</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Weathering Hypothesis emphasizes that health disparities among races result primarily from which of the following?

    <p>Age and experiences of marginalization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which chronic health issue has a higher prevalence among Asian Americans compared to other groups?

    <p>Hepatitis B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one critical reason for the mistrust of the medical system among people of color?

    <p>Historical abuses in medical research</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does racism have on the overall health of ethnic minority groups?

    <p>It is linked to both mental and physical health detriments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which event exemplified racial bias in public health practices during a health crisis?

    <p>Philadelphia yellow fever epidemic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements best describes an outcome of the forced sterilization practices in the U.S.?

    <p>Long-term psychological trauma and mistrust in medical care</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a prevalent health challenge faced by Hispanic populations?

    <p>Higher prevalence of diabetes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines net migration in the context of emigration and immigration?

    <p>The difference between the rates of emigration and immigration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is commonly associated with voluntary migration?

    <p>Economic or environmental incentives</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What has been a significant characteristic of US migration patterns from the mid-20th century to present?

    <p>A rise in migration from Less Developed Countries (LDCs)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is NOT considered a push factor in migration theory?

    <p>Family connections in another country</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the immigrant experience at entry points like Ellis Island?

    <p>Health and financial stability were requirements for entry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes compulsory or forced migration?

    <p>Movement due to unavoidable cultural or political pressures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant historical pattern observed about European immigrants before 1920?

    <p>Newcomers were primarily from Northwestern Europe between 1840 and 1860</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common misconception about the distances most migrants travel?

    <p>Most migrants tend to relocate a short distance within the same country</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a significant difference in the processing of Chinese immigrants at Angel Island compared to those at Ellis Island?

    <p>Chinese immigrants faced exclusion unless they proved citizenship or family ties.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which theory suggests that different cultural groups maintain their unique identities while coexisting in society?

    <p>Salad bowl theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did urban living conditions primarily affect immigrant health?

    <p>They resulted in overcrowding and increased disease risk.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a common characteristic of tenement buildings in urban areas?

    <p>They were designed to accommodate multiple families in limited space.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a significant psychological effect on immigrants adapting to life in the US?

    <p>Stress and anxiety from discrimination and lack of familiarity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors contributed to the increased danger of fire in rapidly growing cities?

    <p>Limited water supply and wooden structures prevalent in the cities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role did ethnic neighborhoods, often referred to as ghettos, play in the lives of new immigrants?

    <p>They provided community support through shared language and culture.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately reflects the realities of health risks faced by immigrants?

    <p>Variation in vaccination rates heightened the risk of disease transmission.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way did the Chinese Exclusion Act affect Chinese immigrants during the late 19th and early 20th centuries?

    <p>It restricted Chinese immigrants from entering the US unless proving certain criteria.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the difference between emigration and immigration?

    <p>Net migration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is categorized as a push factor in migration?

    <p>Economic hardship</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Most long-distance migrants primarily relocate to which type of area?

    <p>Major centers of economic activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately reflects the patterns of immigration to the US between 1840 and 1860?

    <p>The majority came from Northwestern Europe.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterized forced migration?

    <p>It involves moving due to coercive circumstances.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a condition that immigrants had to fulfill to gain entry to the US historically?

    <p>They needed to demonstrate good health.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which periods was there significant immigration from Southern and Eastern Europe to the US?

    <p>1880 to 1920</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of undocumented immigrants in the US were reported to come from Mexico?

    <p>50%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary issue faced by Chinese immigrants at Angel Island compared to those at Ellis Island?

    <p>Longer waiting times in overcrowded conditions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which theory describes a society where immigrants maintain their distinct cultures while also integrating into the American culture?

    <p>Salad Bowl Theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors significantly contributed to the rapid growth of cities in the late 19th century?

    <p>Accessibility to raw materials and transportation routes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a common health risk for immigrants living in overcrowded housing?

    <p>Higher likelihood of communicable diseases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What were tenements primarily designed to provide?

    <p>Affordable housing for multiple families.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the main reasons for the psychological stress experienced by many immigrants?

    <p>Unfamiliar language and discrimination.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why did many Chinese immigrants avoid visiting their families in China?

    <p>They feared not being allowed back into the US.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What were common urban problems faced by immigrant communities in the cities?

    <p>Overcrowded living conditions and crime.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase of migration does the health of a migrant start to reflect the conditions of their destination?

    <p>Post-entry phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one health-related issue faced particularly by immigrants due to varying vaccination rates?

    <p>Higher rates of communicable diseases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic is NOT commonly associated with a pandemic?

    <p>Occurs only in isolated regions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant factor that can lead to the emergence of pandemics?

    <p>Human intervention in wildlife habitats</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used for diseases that can jump from animals to humans?

    <p>Zoonotic diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements accurately describes a pandemic?

    <p>It can involve diseases that are not infectious.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What key aspect do sociologists document regarding pandemics?

    <p>The social implications and processes of classification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What recent factor has contributed significantly to the emergence of pandemics?

    <p>New viral diseases with low immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did pandemics historically impact social structures?

    <p>They accelerated social change and affected social inequalities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does stigma often play during pandemics?

    <p>It can cause certain groups to be blamed for the spread of the disease.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What common feature characterizes the psychological impact of epidemics?

    <p>An epidemic of fear</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which event marked a significant change in societal structure during the Black Death?

    <p>The collapse of feudalism and serfdom</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a critical factor contributing to the unequal effects of pandemics on different groups?

    <p>Existing health inequalities and exposure conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What essential action should be taken to prepare for future pandemics, according to historical lessons?

    <p>Invest in research and development along with international collaboration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the effect of media coverage during pandemics?

    <p>It played a role in both informing and misinforming the public.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What statement best describes the legacy of smallpox in relation to European colonization?

    <p>It allowed the Spanish to conquer the Aztecs and shaped colonization in the Americas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a lesson learned from previous pandemics regarding public behavior?

    <p>Providing accurate information encourages responsible behaviors, such as vaccination.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic primarily distinguishes a pandemic from an epidemic?

    <p>The geographical extent of the disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is NOT generally true about pandemics?

    <p>They only affect infectious diseases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of pandemics do sociologists find particularly interesting?

    <p>How events are classified and their societal impact</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a critical factor that enables the rapid spread of a pandemic?

    <p>Increased travel and migration between countries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What describes a situation where an infection jumps from one species to another?

    <p>Zoonosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a consequence of pandemics on existing social structures?

    <p>They may accelerate social change and exacerbate inequalities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pandemic contributed significantly to the European colonization of the Americas?

    <p>Smallpox</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does stigma play in the context of pandemics?

    <p>It often targets specific groups, blaming them for disease spread.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the Black Death notably contribute to in European society?

    <p>The acceleration of the Renaissance and decline of serfdom.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does socioeconomic status typically influence the impact of pandemics on individuals?

    <p>Lower status groups often face worse health outcomes due to pre-existing conditions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is essential for improving response to future pandemics as per historical lessons?

    <p>International cooperation and shared knowledge.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What has been a notable consequence of media coverage during pandemics?

    <p>It can both inform and misinform the public regarding the pandemic.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does epidemic psychology suggest regarding societal reactions during pandemics?

    <p>Stigmatization of certain groups is a common occurrence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a key feature of the COVID-19 pandemic rhetoric by political leaders?

    <p>Attributions of blame to external entities and economic competitors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A widespread disease that crosses international boundaries is referred to as a ______.

    <p>pandemic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An ______ is a disease that is prevalent in a community at a particular time.

    <p>epidemic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Novelty in a pandemic means that the disease is either completely new or a ______ variant.

    <p>new</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Zoonotic diseases emerge when infections jump from one species to ______.

    <p>another</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Pandemics can cause severe illness and are classified by their ______, which includes rapid spread and fatal outcomes.

    <p>severity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Pandemics can exert profound effects on ______.

    <p>societies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ______ was started in 1948 to help coordinate international health issues.

    <p>WHO</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the Black Death in Europe, Jews were blamed for the ______.

    <p>plague</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Epidemic psychology identifies three parallel social epidemics: fear, stigmatization, and ______.

    <p>moralization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    COVID-19 was sometimes referred to as ______ in political rhetoric.

    <p>Kung Flu</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Groups experiencing worse health and wellbeing are more likely to be affected by a ______.

    <p>pandemic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Improved ______ is a key lesson learned from previous pandemics.

    <p>infrastructure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    International ______ is essential in addressing global health challenges.

    <p>collaboration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Public education helps to empower individuals with accurate information about ______.

    <p>hygiene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The process of pandemics can cause an acceleration of ______.

    <p>social change</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An epidemic occurring worldwide is known as a ______.

    <p>pandemic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The term ______ refers to widespread disease affecting a community at a particular time.

    <p>epidemic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ______ is an example of a pandemic that had significant global impact.

    <p>Covid-19</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Minimal population ______ means that communities lack immunity to resist catching the disease.

    <p>immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Zoonotic diseases are infections that jump from one species to ______.

    <p>another</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Pandemics used to often occur due to open __________ and other environmental exposures.

    <p>sewage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    COVID-19 was dubbed as __________ and the Chinese virus as part of political rhetoric.

    <p>Kung Flu</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The __________ started in 1948 to help coordinate international health issues.

    <p>WHO</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Pandemics can result in an acceleration of social __________ and worsen inequalities.

    <p>change</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Stigma during pandemics can target specific __________ groups, leading to blame and discrimination.

    <p>social</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the Black Death, __________ were often blamed for the plague, leading to violent repercussions.

    <p>Jews</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Pandemics do not affect everyone __________, often impacting already vulnerable populations the hardest.

    <p>equally</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Public education is vital in pandemic preparedness, helping to empower individuals with __________ information.

    <p>accurate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Lessons from previous pandemics emphasize the need for improved __________ and robust healthcare systems.

    <p>infrastructure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Epidemic psychology claims that there are three parallel social __________ during a pandemic: fear, stigmatization, and moralization.

    <p>epidemics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Racial Prejudice and Implicit Bias

    • Despite reported reductions in racial prejudice towards Black Americans, significant disparities persist in housing, employment, education, healthcare, and law enforcement. A national ideal of equality conflicts with the historical legacy of Black slavery.

    Modern and Aversive Racism

    • By the 1980s, theories of racism evolved beyond "old-fashioned" racism.
    • Modern racism, aversive racism, and implicit bias emerged.
    • The Implicit Association Test (IAT) measures implicit bias.

    Implicit Association Test (IAT)

    • Implicit bias is an automatic, unintentional bias affecting judgments, decisions, and behaviors.
    • Implicit social cognition analyzes speed and accuracy to assess the strength of mental associations.
    • Implicit attitudes are often outside conscious awareness and control.

    Implicit and Explicit Racial Bias

    • People prefer their in-group over out-groups (e.g., racial, sports, academic).
    • White Americans typically show a pro-white implicit bias, and Black Americans a lower pro-black bias. Similar trends exist for other disadvantaged groups.
    • Implicit biases are stable across factors like religion and education level, but influenced by age, gender, and political ideology.

    Age, Gender, and Political Ideology

    • Pro-white bias tends to increase with age (stronger among those over 60 compared to under 20).
    • Pro-white bias is stronger among conservatives than liberals.
    • Men tend to exhibit a stronger pro-white bias than women.

    Regional Bias and Societal Outcomes

    • Implicit bias is connected to discriminatory outcomes, including employment discrimination (e.g., callbacks for job applications).
    • Crowd bias considers the surrounding situation as a primary driver, suggesting living in a specific region or period affects implicit bias.

    Changing Implicit Attitudes

    • Implicit attitudes can be influenced by context, personal motivations, and goals.
    • Some interventions to reduce implicit race bias have shown success but, in many cases, the reduction is temporary.

    Societal Changes in Implicit Bias

    • Real-world trends reveal decreasing racial and anti-gay bias during a specific time period.
    • However, some biases remain stable or even show a shift, depending on the target group being considered.

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    Description

    This quiz explores the concepts of racial prejudice, implicit bias, and modern forms of racism. Examine the historical context, the evolution of racism theories, and the impact of implicit bias on judgments and behaviors. Test your understanding of these critical social issues.

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