Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the standard Ethernet Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU) size in bytes?
What is the standard Ethernet Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU) size in bytes?
- 1492
- 1522
- 1500 (correct)
- 1600
What is the effect of the 8 bytes of PPPoE overhead on the Ethernet MTU?
What is the effect of the 8 bytes of PPPoE overhead on the Ethernet MTU?
- It increases the maximum frame size to 1508 bytes.
- It has no impact on the MTU size.
- It requires fragmentation of frames.
- It reduces the effective MTU to 1492 bytes. (correct)
In the output of 'show ip interface brief', which interface is indicated as administratively down?
In the output of 'show ip interface brief', which interface is indicated as administratively down?
- Virtual-Access1
- Dialer2
- Serial0/0/0 (correct)
- GigabitEthernet0/1
Which command would be used to verify the encapsulation and MTU size on a Dialer interface?
Which command would be used to verify the encapsulation and MTU size on a Dialer interface?
What is the IP address assigned to Dialer2 as per the command output?
What is the IP address assigned to Dialer2 as per the command output?
What configuration does the output show regarding the keepalive setting for Dialer2?
What configuration does the output show regarding the keepalive setting for Dialer2?
What does the line 'line protocol is up (spoofing)' indicate about Dialer2?
What does the line 'line protocol is up (spoofing)' indicate about Dialer2?
What is the bandwidth setting displayed in the 'show interface dialer 2' output for Dialer2?
What is the bandwidth setting displayed in the 'show interface dialer 2' output for Dialer2?
What type of protocol is BGP categorized as?
What type of protocol is BGP categorized as?
What is the primary purpose of Internal BGP (iBGP)?
What is the primary purpose of Internal BGP (iBGP)?
Which of the following accurately describes the relationship between iBGP and IGP?
Which of the following accurately describes the relationship between iBGP and IGP?
What distinguishes External BGP (eBGP) from Internal BGP (iBGP)?
What distinguishes External BGP (eBGP) from Internal BGP (iBGP)?
What port does BGP use for its operational communication?
What port does BGP use for its operational communication?
What role do IGPs play in conjunction with iBGP?
What role do IGPs play in conjunction with iBGP?
What happens to BGP updates transmitted over TCP?
What happens to BGP updates transmitted over TCP?
What does it mean for an AS to be multihomed?
What does it mean for an AS to be multihomed?
Which of the following statements about iBGP is true?
Which of the following statements about iBGP is true?
Under which condition should BGP not be used?
Under which condition should BGP not be used?
What is a drawback of using the Default Route Only BGP option?
What is a drawback of using the Default Route Only BGP option?
Which BGP option allows an organization to forward traffic to the appropriate ISP for networks advertised by that ISP?
Which BGP option allows an organization to forward traffic to the appropriate ISP for networks advertised by that ISP?
What is a potential outcome of misconfiguring a BGP router?
What is a potential outcome of misconfiguring a BGP router?
Which is NOT a condition for using BGP appropriately?
Which is NOT a condition for using BGP appropriately?
What is a primary characteristic of the Default Route and ISP Routes BGP implementation?
What is a primary characteristic of the Default Route and ISP Routes BGP implementation?
Which of the following is a reason for organizations to implement BGP in a multi-homed environment?
Which of the following is a reason for organizations to implement BGP in a multi-homed environment?
What is the purpose of the 'ip tcp adjust-mss' command in PPPoE configuration?
What is the purpose of the 'ip tcp adjust-mss' command in PPPoE configuration?
Which of the following is NOT a potential cause of problems with PPPoE as mentioned?
Which of the following is NOT a potential cause of problems with PPPoE as mentioned?
When troubleshooting PPPoE, which command is used to examine the PPP negotiation process?
When troubleshooting PPPoE, which command is used to examine the PPP negotiation process?
During which phase of the PPP negotiation process does CHAP authentication occur?
During which phase of the PPP negotiation process does CHAP authentication occur?
What does a successful CHAP authentication indicate in the PPP negotiation process?
What does a successful CHAP authentication indicate in the PPP negotiation process?
In the provided debugging output, what does the line 'IPCP: Install route to 10.1.3.2' signify?
In the provided debugging output, what does the line 'IPCP: Install route to 10.1.3.2' signify?
What MTU size is configured on the Dialer2 interface?
What MTU size is configured on the Dialer2 interface?
Which command correctly identifies the BGP peer and its AS number in the eBGP configuration?
Which command correctly identifies the BGP peer and its AS number in the eBGP configuration?
Which of the following best describes the function of the IPCP phase in PPP negotiation?
Which of the following best describes the function of the IPCP phase in PPP negotiation?
What does the line 'CHAP: Using password from interface CHAP' indicate during PPP negotiation?
What does the line 'CHAP: Using password from interface CHAP' indicate during PPP negotiation?
What is one requirement for Company-A to handle all Internet routes effectively?
What is one requirement for Company-A to handle all Internet routes effectively?
What action should be taken if there is a failure in the PPP negotiation process?
What action should be taken if there is a failure in the PPP negotiation process?
What function does the network configuration command serve in BGP?
What function does the network configuration command serve in BGP?
In a single-homed BGP topology, what does Company-A do with its internal private IPv4 addresses?
In a single-homed BGP topology, what does Company-A do with its internal private IPv4 addresses?
What is the purpose of the AS number in BGP configurations?
What is the purpose of the AS number in BGP configurations?
What does ISP-1 typically do in relation to Company-A’s BGP updates?
What does ISP-1 typically do in relation to Company-A’s BGP updates?
What is a limitation of advertising all Internet routes to Company-A?
What is a limitation of advertising all Internet routes to Company-A?
How does Company-A ensure optimal routing while receiving multiple ISPs' routes?
How does Company-A ensure optimal routing while receiving multiple ISPs' routes?
Study Notes
Ethernet MTU and PPPoE
- Standard Ethernet MTU is 1500 bytes; adding 8 bytes of PPPoE overhead results in a total frame size exceeding 1500 bytes.
- Dialer Interface status verification can be done using
show ip interface brief, revealing interface statuses such as "up" or "down" for various interfaces.
PPPoE Configuration Verification
- Confirm IPv4 address assignment automatically using the
show ip interface briefcommand. - Check MTU size on the Dialer Interface with
show interface dialer 2, confirming values like MTU of 1492 bytes and encapsulation as PPP.
Adjusting MSS
- Use
ip tcp adjust-mss 1452to prevent TCP sessions from being dropped by adjusting the maximum segment size (MSS) during the TCP 3-way handshake.
Troubleshooting PPPoE
- Common issues in PPPoE can arise from:
- Failures in PPP negotiation.
- Failures in PPP authentication.
- Incorrect TCP maximum segment size adjustments.
PPP Negotiation Process
- Enable troubleshooting for PPP negotiation with
debug ppp negotiation, displaying the authentication status of the connection and associated CHAP details.
Overview of BGP
- BGP is a path vector routing protocol that utilizes TCP for its updates, ensuring reliable transmission via port 179.
- BGP is pivotal for inter-AS routing and operates primarily between routers in different autonomous systems (eBGP) or within the same AS (iBGP).
eBGP vs iBGP
- External BGP (eBGP) communicates between different autonomous systems, whereas Internal BGP (iBGP) organizes routing information within the same AS.
- BGP peers or speakers exchange routing information, but eBGP focuses on multiple AS interactions.
BGP Functionality Distinctions
- Interior Gateway Protocols (IGPs) distribute routing within a single AS, using metrics like cost and bandwidth to determine paths.
- iBGP shares externally learned routing information but does not perform path calculations.
BGP Design Considerations
- BGP is suited for AS with multiple connections (multi-homed).
- Avoid using BGP in single-homed scenarios or with limited understanding of the protocol.
BGP Implementation Options
- Default Route Only: Simplest method where ISPs provide only default routes, potentially leading to suboptimal routing.
- Default Route and ISP Routes: ISPs advertise both default and specific routes, allowing for better traffic directing but still possible suboptimal paths.
- All Internet Routes: Receiving all routes allows precise path selection but demands significant router resources.
Steps to Configure eBGP
- Commands to set up eBGP include:
router bgp 65000to define the AS number.neighbor [ip-address] remote-as [number]to identify BGP peers.network [address] mask [subnet]to advertise specific networks.
Sample BGP Configuration
- Example configuration for Company-A in AS 65000 advertising its 198.133.219.0/24 network to ISP-1 in AS 65001.
- Internal devices often use private IPv4 addresses, requiring NAT for public address translation to communicate externally.
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Description
This quiz covers essential aspects of implementing Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet (PPPoE), with a special focus on avoiding fragmentation issues related to Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU) sizes. It dives into background knowledge of MTU limits and the PPPoE overhead impact on frame sizes. Test your understanding of these crucial networking concepts.
