Impeachment and Presidential Powers
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Questions and Answers

What is impeachment?

A process to remove a president or other high-ranking government officials for misconduct.

What did the Supreme Court rule in the case of Nixon v. United States (1993)?

The Court ruled that impeachment is a political question and not subject to judicial review.

What is the War Powers Act?

A 1973 law that limits the president's power to send troops into combat without congressional approval.

What did the Supreme Court rule in the case of Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. v. Sawyer (1952)?

<p>The Court ruled against President Truman's seizure of steel mills during the Korean War, stating that the president did not have the authority to do so without congressional approval.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some examples of expressed powers of the president?

<p>The veto power, military command, and the ability to make treaties.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the Supreme Court rule in the case of Clinton v. City of New York (1998)?

<p>The Court ruled that the line-item veto was unconstitutional, as it gave the president powers not expressly granted by the Constitution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the National Security Council (NSC)?

<p>A part of the executive branch that advises the president on national security and foreign policy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the Supreme Court rule in the case of United States v. Curtiss-Wright Export Corp. (1936)?

<p>The Court ruled that the president has broad powers in foreign affairs, particularly in the realm of national security.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the power of veto?

<p>The president's constitutional power to reject a bill passed by Congress.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How have presidents exercised their veto power over the War Powers Act?

<p>Presidents have repeatedly exercised their veto power over the War Powers Resolution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Cabinet?

<p>A group of presidential advisors who head executive departments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the tenure of federal jurists?

<p>Federal judges serve for life unless they resign, retire, or are impeached.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the Supreme Court rule in the case of United States v. Hatter (2001)?

<p>The Court affirmed the principle that federal judges hold their positions for life and cannot be removed except through impeachment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What established judicial review?

<p>Marbury v. Madison; (1803)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What power did the case of Marbury v. Madison (1803) give the courts?

<p>The power to invalidate unconstitutional laws.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the nomination and confirmation process?

<p>The process by which the president nominates federal judges and the Senate confirms or rejects them.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the Bork Nomination (1987)?

<p>It established the Senate's important role in confirming judges.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is judicial activism?

<p>The philosophy that courts should interpret the Constitution in a way that advances social justice and changes societal conditions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is judicial restraint?

<p>The belief that courts should limit their power and avoid making decisions that affect public policy unless absolutely necessary.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can the case of Brown v. Board of Education (1954) be viewed?

<p>As an example of judicial activism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is precedent?

<p>A previous court decision used as a guide for deciding similar cases in the future.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the Supreme Court in the case of Brown v. Board of Education (1954) use precedent?

<p>The Court used the precedent of earlier cases like Plessy v. Ferguson to overturn segregation laws.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is inflation?

<p>A general increase in prices and a fall in the purchasing value of money.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is laissez-faire economics?

<p>The belief that the government should interfere as little as possible in economic matters.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the ruling in the case of United States v. E.C. Knight Co. (1895)?

<p>The Court ruled that the government could not regulate monopolies in manufacturing under the Sherman Antitrust Act.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Keynesian economics?

<p>The economic theory that advocates for government spending and intervention to stimulate demand and manage economic cycles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the Supreme Court rule in the case of National Labor Relations Board. Jones & Laughlin Steel Corporation (1937)

<p>The Court expanded federal power to regulate commerce and promote Keynesian policies, especially in labor relations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the main differences in how Democrats and Republicans view the government's role in economic and social policy?

<p>Democrats tend to support greater government intervention, while Republicans emphasize free-market solutions with limited government regulation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Fiscal policy?

<p>The use of government spending and taxation to influence the economy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Federal Reserve?

<p>The central banking system of the United States, responsible for regulating monetary policy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the Supreme Court rule in the Gold Clause Cases (1935)?

<p>The Supreme Court upheld the government's decision to cancel the gold clause in contracts during the Great Depression, emphasizing government control over the economy and monetary policy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is recall?

<p>A process allowing voters to remove an elected official from office before their term ends.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the case of In re Recall of Governor Davis (2003)?

<p>The California Supreme Court upheld the legality of the recall election of Governor Gray Davis, highlighting the application of recall procedures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the ruling in the case of Harris v. Open Space District (2005)?

<p>The California Supreme Court ruled on the constitutionality of initiative measures and the limits of the voters' power.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a referendum?

<p>A process by which voters approve or reject laws passed by the legislature.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happened in the case of California Proposition 8 (2008)?

<p>A referendum on same-sex marriage that was challenged and partially struck down by the courts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the California legislature?

<p>The bicameral legislative body of California, consisting of the Assembly and the Senate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happened in the case of California Proposition 140 (1990)?

<p>This initiative limited terms for California state legislators, emphasizing the importance of citizen participation and legislative change.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between the role of the Governor of California and the President of the United States?

<p>The Governor is the chief executive officer of California, while the President is the chief executive of the entire U.S.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the Secretary of State of California?

<p>An elected official who oversees elections, keeps public records, and supports business operations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the Supreme Court rule in the case of California v. United States (2005)?

<p>The Court dealt with the authority of the California Secretary of State to administer election laws within the state.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What is Impeachment?

A process to remove a president or other high-ranking government officials for misconduct.

Nixon v. United States (1993)

The Court ruled that impeachment is a political question not subject to judicial review.

War Powers Act (1973)

Limits the president's power to send troops into combat without congressional approval.

Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. v. Sawyer (1952)

The Court ruled against President Truman's seizure of steel mills during the Korean War, stating that the president did not have the authority to do so without congressional approval. This case shows the limits of presidential power.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Expressed Powers of the President

Powers explicitly granted to the president by the Constitution, such as the veto power, military command, and the ability to make treaties.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Clinton v. City of New York (1998)

The Court ruled that the line-item veto was unconstitutional, as it gave the president powers not expressly granted by the Constitution.

Signup and view all the flashcards

National Security Council (NSC)

Part of the executive branch that advises the president on national security and foreign policy.

Signup and view all the flashcards

United States v. Curtiss-Wright Export Corp. (1936)

The Court ruled that the president has broad powers in foreign affairs, particularly in the realm of national security.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Power of Veto

The president's constitutional power to reject a bill passed by Congress.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Presidential Veto of War Powers Act (1973)

Presidents have repeatedly exercised their veto power over the War Powers Resolution.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Cabinet

A group of presidential advisors who head executive departments.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Tenure of Federal Judges

Federal judges serve for life unless they resign, retire, or are impeached.

Signup and view all the flashcards

United States v. Hatter (2001)

Affirmed the principle that federal judges hold their positions for life and cannot be removed except through impeachment.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Marbury v. Madison (1803)

Established the principle of judicial review, allowing courts to declare laws unconstitutional.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Nomination and Confirmation of Federal Judges

The process by which the president nominates federal judges and the Senate confirms or rejects them.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Bork Nomination (1987)

The Senate rejected the nomination of Robert Bork to the Supreme Court, establishing the Senate's important role in confirming judges.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Judicial Activism

The philosophy that courts should interpret the Constitution in a way that advances social justice and changes societal conditions.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Brown v. Board of Education (1954)

Demonstrated judicial activism by overturning Plessy v. Ferguson and declaring segregation in public schools unconstitutional.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Judicial Restraint

The belief that courts should limit their power and avoid making decisions that affect public policy unless absolutely necessary.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Restraint in the Bork Nomination (1987)

Advocates of judicial restraint opposed the confirmation of Robert Bork, viewing him as more of an activist judge.

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Precedent

A previous court decision used as a guide for deciding similar cases in the future.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Stare Decisis in Brown v. Board of Education (1954)

This case used the precedent of earlier cases like Plessy v. Ferguson to overturn segregation laws.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is Inflation?

A general increase in prices and a fall in the purchasing value of money.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Laissez-faire economics

The belief that the government should interfere as little as possible in economic matters.

Signup and view all the flashcards

United States v. E.C. Knight Co. (1895)

The Court ruled that the government could not regulate monopolies in manufacturing under the Sherman Antitrust Act, reflecting a laissez-faire approach.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Keynesian economics

The economic theory that advocates for government spending and intervention to stimulate demand and manage economic cycles.

Signup and view all the flashcards

National Labor Relations Board v. Jones & Laughlin Steel Corporation (1937)

Expanded federal power to regulate commerce and promote Keynesian policies, especially in labor relations.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Democrat and Republican Views on Government Role in the Economy

Democrats tend to support greater government intervention, while Republicans emphasize free-market solutions with limited government regulation.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017

Reflects the Republican approach favoring tax cuts and reducing government involvement in economic policies.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Fiscal Policy

The use of government spending and taxation to influence the economy.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Flast v. Cohen (1968)

The Court allowed taxpayers to challenge federal spending programs that they believed violated the Constitution.

Signup and view all the flashcards

The Federal Reserve

The central banking system of the United States, responsible for regulating monetary policy.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Gold Clause Cases (1935)

The Supreme Court upheld the government's decision to cancel the gold clause in contracts during the Great Depression, emphasizing government control over the economy and monetary policy.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is Recall?

A process allowing voters to remove an elected official from office before their term ends.

Signup and view all the flashcards

In re Recall of Governor Davis (2003)

The California Supreme Court upheld the legality of the recall election of Governor Gray Davis, highlighting the application of recall procedures.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is an Initiative?

A process allowing voters to propose new laws or constitutional amendments.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Harris v. Open Space District (2005)

The California Supreme Court ruled on the constitutionality of initiative measures and the limits of the voters' power.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is a Referendum?

A process by which voters approve or reject laws passed by the legislature.

Signup and view all the flashcards

California Proposition 8 (2008)

A referendum on same-sex marriage that was challenged and partially struck down by the courts.

Signup and view all the flashcards

California Legislature

The bicameral legislative body of California, consisting of the Assembly and the Senate.

Signup and view all the flashcards

California Proposition 140 (1990)

This initiative limited terms for California state legislators, emphasizing the importance of citizen participation and legislative change.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Difference Between California Governor and US President

The Governor is the chief executive of California, while the President is the chief executive of the entire U.S.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Secretary of State of California

An elected official who oversees elections, keeps public records, and supports business operations.

Signup and view all the flashcards

California v. United States (2005)

Dealt with the authority of the California Secretary of State to administer election laws within the state.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Study Notes

Impeachment

  • A process to remove a president or high-ranking government official for misconduct.
  • Impeachment is a political question, not subject to judicial review (Nixon v. United States, 1993).

The Presidency

  • War Powers Act (1973): Limits the president's power to send troops into combat without Congressional approval.
  • Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. v. Sawyer (1952): The court ruled against President Truman's seizure of steel mills during the Korean War, stating he lacked the authority to do so without Congressional approval.
  • Expressed powers: Powers explicitly granted to the president by the Constitution, such as the veto power, military command, and treaty-making ability.
  • Clinton v. City of New York (1998): Ruled the line-item veto unconstitutional, as it gave the president powers not expressly granted by the Constitution.

National Security Council (NSC)

  • Part of the executive branch, advising the president on national security and foreign policy.
  • United States v. Curtiss-Wright Export Corp. (1936): The court ruled the president has broad powers in foreign affairs, particularly in national security.

Power of Veto

  • The president's constitutional power to reject a bill passed by Congress.
  • Presidential Veto of War Powers Act (1973): Presidents have repeatedly exercised their veto power over the War Powers Resolution.

Cabinet

  • A group of presidential advisors who head executive departments.
  • No specific court case directly relates to the Cabinet.

The Federal Judicial System

  • Tenure of federal judges: Federal judges serve for life unless they resign, retire, or are impeached.
  • United States v. Hatter (2001): Judges hold their positions for life, and can only be removed with impeachment.
  • Marbury v. Madison (1803): Established the principle of judicial review, allowing courts to declare laws unconstitutional.

Nomination and Confirmation of Federal Judges

  • Process by which the president nominates federal judges and the Senate confirms or rejects them.
  • Bork Nomination (1987): The Senate rejected Robert Bork's nomination, highlighting the Senate's important role in confirming judges.

Judicial Activism

  • Courts interpret the Constitution to advance social justice and societal change.
  • Brown v. Board of Education (1954): Demonstrated judicial activism by overturning Plessy v. Ferguson and declaring segregation in public schools unconstitutional.

Judicial Restraint

  • Belief that courts should limit their power and avoid decisions that affect public policy unless necessary.
  • Restraint In Bork Nomination (1987): Opposition to Bork's nomination, advocating for judicial restraint as an approach.

Precedent

  • A previous court decision used as a guide for similar future cases.
  • Stare Decisis in Brown v. Board of Education (1954): The case used the precedent of earlier cases (such as Plessy v. Ferguson) to overturn segregation laws

Economic and Social Policy

  • Inflation: A general increase in prices and decrease in purchasing power.
  • Laissez-faire economics: The belief that the government should rarely interfere in economic matters.
  • United States v. E.C. Knight Co. (1895): Court ruled the government couldn't regulate monopolies in manufacturing, reflecting a laissez-faire approach.

Keynesian Economics

  • Focus on government spending and intervention to manage economic cycles.
  • National Labor Relations Board v. Jones & Laughlin Steel Corporation (1937): Expanded federal power to regulate commerce and promote Keynesian policies, especially in labor relations.

Democrat and Republican Views on Government

  • Democrats tend to support greater government intervention in the economy, while Republicans favor free-market solutions.
  • Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017: Reflects the Republican approach, favoring tax cuts and reducing government involvement.

Fiscal policy

  • The use of government spending and taxation to influence the economy.
  • Flast v. Cohen (1968): The court allowed taxpayers to challenge federal spending programs.

The Federal Reserve

  • The central banking system of the US, responsible for regulating monetary policy.
  • Gold Clause Cases (1935): The Supreme Court upheld government decisions canceling the gold clause in contracts—emphasizing governmental control over the economy and monetary policy.

California Government

  • Recall: A process allowing voters to remove an elected official before their term ends.
  • In re Recall of Governor Davis (2003): California Supreme Court upheld the recall election of Governor Gray Davis.
  • Initiative: A process allowing voters to propose new laws or constitutional amendments.
  • Harris v. Open Space District (2005): California Supreme Court ruled on the constitutionality of initiative measures.
  • Referendum: voters approve or reject laws passed by the legislature.
  • California Proposition 8 (2008): Referendum on same-sex marriage, challenged and partially struck down.
  • California Proposition 140 (1990): Initiative that limited terms for California state legislators.

Secretary of State of California

  • Elected official overseeing elections, public records, and business operations.
  • California v. United States (2005): Dealt with the authority of the California Secretary of State to administer election laws within the state.

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Description

This quiz covers key concepts related to impeachment and the powers of the presidency, including landmark court cases like Nixon v. United States and Clinton v. City of New York. It also discusses the War Powers Act and the role of the National Security Council. Test your knowledge on these critical aspects of American governance.

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