27 Questions
Which type of hypersensitivity reaction is characterized by systemic anaphylaxis and can lead to rapid onset of severe allergic reactions?
Type I (anaphylactic)
What is the main consequence of Type II (cytotoxic) hypersensitivity reaction?
Tissue damage caused by antibodies
According to the hygiene hypothesis, what is the consequence of lack of exposure to antigens?
Lowered body’s immune tolerance
When did HIV cross the species barrier into humans?
Between 1884 and 1924
Which cells are described to be infected by HIV?
CD4+ T cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells
What are the stages of HIV infection?
Asymptomatic, symptomatic, and AIDS indicator conditions
How is HIV primarily transmitted?
Through infected body fluids
What factors can affect survival with HIV infection?
CCR5 mutation, long-term nonprogressors, and diagnostic methods
When were the reported AIDS cases in the United States documented?
From 1979 to 2007
What is the structure of HIV and its attachment to receptors on target T cells explained?
In the text
What are the diseases associated with AIDS?
Opportunistic infections and cancers
How is primary HIV infection characterized?
Difficult to diagnose due to non-specific symptoms
What is the key year for the discovery of the virus causing immune function loss?
1983
How did HIV spread worldwide?
Through modern transportation and unsafe sexual practices
What is the distribution of HIV infection and AIDS in regions of the world based on?
Estimated cases in different regions
Which type of immunodeficiency is characterized by the absence of IgA production and repeated infections of the respiratory, gastrointestinal, and genitourinary tracts?
Selective IgA deficiency
What is the primary cause of death in individuals with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID)?
Infections
Which primary immunodeficiency disorder is characterized by the failure of the thymus to develop, leading to deficient cell-mediated immunity?
DiGeorge syndrome
What is the main defect in chronic granulomatous disease (CGD)?
Deficiency in phagocytic cells
Which cancer involving the lymphatic system can lead to a decrease in effective antibody-mediated immunity?
Multiple myeloma
Which viral infection is known to deplete certain immune cells, leading to a secondary immunodeficiency?
Measles
What is the primary target of HIV, leading to the development of AIDS?
T cells
Which of the following is a common consequence of X-linked infantile (Bruton’s) agammaglobulinemia?
Decreased immunoglobulin production
What is the primary mode of transmission for HIV?
Sexual contact
What is the most common cause of death in individuals with chronic granulomatous disease (CGD)?
Opportunistic infections
Which condition is characterized by the production of a single type of immunoglobulin at the expense of others needed to fight infections?
Common variable hypogammaglobulinemia
What is the main effect of HIV on the immune system?
Loss of helper T cells
Study Notes
HIV/AIDS: Key Points Summary
- Discovery of virus causing immune function loss in 1983
- Primary HIV infection is difficult to diagnose due to non-specific symptoms
- HIV crossed the species barrier into humans between 1884 and 1924
- Spread worldwide through modern transportation and unsafe sexual practices
- The structure of HIV and its attachment to receptors on target T cells explained
- HIV infection in CD4+ T cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells described
- Stages of HIV infection: asymptomatic, symptomatic, and AIDS indicator conditions
- HIV transmission through infected body fluids detailed
- Diseases associated with AIDS including opportunistic infections and cancers
- Factors affecting survival with HIV infection: CCR5 mutation, long-term nonprogressors, and diagnostic methods
- Reported AIDS cases in the United States from 1979 to 2007
- Distribution of HIV infection and AIDS in regions of the world, with estimated cases in different regions.
Test your knowledge of immune deficiency diseases, hypersensitivity reactions, and responses to antigens with this quiz. Explore different types of reactions such as anaphylactic, cytotoxic, immune complex, and delayed cell-mediated. Learn about the hygiene hypothesis and its impact on immune tolerance.
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