T1 L1: An overview of immunology (MTz)
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Questions and Answers

Which cells are involved in innate immunity?

  • T cells
  • Dendritic cells
  • B cells
  • Neutrophils (correct)

    • What is the main role of the immune system?

  • To protect from infection (correct)
  • To produce antibodies
  • To recognize antigens
  • To promote inflammation

    • What do antigen receptors recognize?

  • Antibodies
  • Antigens (correct)
  • Inflammation
  • Pathogens

    • Which lineage of cells are responsible for phagocytosis and antigen presentation?

    <p>Myeloid lineage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fundamental basis of immunity?

    <p>Antigen receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of cytokines in the immune system?

    <p>To communicate between immune cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of chemokines?

    <p>To organize cells and tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of CD4 T cells?

    <p>To help other components of immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process of somatic hypermutation and clonal selection?

    <p>Production of antibodies by B cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of natural killer (NK) cells in the immune system?

    <p>To kill infected cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT one of the aims of Module 204 Infection and Immunity?

    <p>To provide a shop window for intercalation and academic careers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the main topics covered in the Immunology Lectures of Module 204?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Module 204 in future medical careers?

    <p>To ensure adequate grounding in basic and clinical immunology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following medical specialties is NOT mentioned as having a component related to immunology?

    <p>Oncology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of Applied immunology in Module 204?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of Dry ELISA work mentioned in the text?

    <p>To provide hands-on experience in immunology techniques</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of Basic immunology in Module 204?

    <p>Innate, adaptive, tolerance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of understanding immunologically-mediated diseases in future medical careers?

    <p>To recognize and understand diseases and their treatments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relevance of scientific literature in Module 204?

    <p>To develop skills in understanding and analyzing research papers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of immune receptors do not recognize antigen specifically?

    <p>Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between innate and adaptive immunity?

    <p>Innate immunity works quickly as the first line of defense, while adaptive immunity takes more time to be activated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of immune receptors recognize antigen specifically?

    <p>B cell receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are T and B cell receptors produced?

    <p>Through random somatic recombination events between gene segments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main feature of adaptive immune receptors?

    <p>They recognize antigen specifically</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of immune receptor recognizes intact antigen?

    <p>B cell receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of immune receptor recognizes processed antigen in the form of linear peptides?

    <p>T cell receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of clonal selection in the immune system?

    <p>To select the most useful receptors after birth upon exposure to pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of CD8 T cells in the immune system?

    <p>To mediate cytotoxicity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some examples of effector mechanisms in the immune system?

    <p>Cytokines, complement, phagocytosis, cytotoxicity, antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, mast cell and eosinophil degranulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells are involved in direct lysis of virally infected cells?

    <p>Natural killer cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do lymphocytes complete their maturation?

    <p>Thymus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of lymph nodes in the immune system?

    <p>They focus immune activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main method of intercellular signaling in the immune system?

    <p>Endocrine signaling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of immune cell is responsible for antigen presentation?

    <p>Macrophages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of dendritic cells in the immune system?

    <p>Antigen presentation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of immune cell is involved in allergic reactions?

    <p>Basophils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of immune cell is responsible for phagocytosis and antigen presentation?

    <p>Macrophages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT one of the aims of Module 204 Infection and Immunity?

    <p>To give a comprehensive overview of the scientific literature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fundamental basis of immunity?

    <p>Recognition of processed antigen in the form of linear peptides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between innate and adaptive immunity?

    <p>Innate immunity is present at birth, while adaptive immunity develops over time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main feature of adaptive immune receptors?

    <p>Recognition of intact antigen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between innate and adaptive immunity?

    <p>Innate immunity provides immediate response, while adaptive immunity takes time to respond.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of CD8 T cells in the immune system?

    <p>To recognize and kill infected cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main feature of adaptive immune receptors?

    <p>They are specific for a wide range of antigens.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of clonal selection in the immune system?

    <p>To produce a diverse population of immune cells with different antigen receptors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of innate immune receptors?

    <p>They are pre-formed and ready to go</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of somatic recombination in the production of adaptive antigen receptors?

    <p>To generate diversity in the receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of B cells in the immune system?

    <p>To secrete antibodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of specificity and memory in adaptive immunity?

    <p>They provide long-term protection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are cytokines?

    <p>Small proteins released by cells that have an effect on other cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the nomenclature for cytokines?

    <p>Interleukin followed by a number denoting the order of discovery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between cytokines and chemokines?

    <p>Cytokines have an effect on other cells, while chemokines are more about temporal and spatial organization of cells and tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are pattern recognition receptors?

    <p>Antigen receptors found on cells like neutrophils and macrophages that recognize patterns in molecular motifs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which end of the antibody molecule interacts with cells or other elements of the immune system?

    <p>The bottom end</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the antigen binding site of the antibody molecule also known as?

    <p>The variable region</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does the rest of the antibody molecule not need to vary?

    <p>It doesn't recognize different things</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason for making something similar across the board in the human body?

    <p>To conserve energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between the T cell receptor and the antibody molecule?

    <p>Their function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the variable region of the antibody molecule responsible for?

    <p>Binding to antigens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Innate Immunity

    • Involved cells: Neutrophils, macrophages, dendritic cells, and natural killer cells
    • Main role: First line of defense against pathogens, recognizing and eliminating them

    Adaptive Immunity

    • Main role: Specific recognition and elimination of pathogens, with memory and specificity
    • Involved cells: T cells and B cells
    • Antigen receptors: Recognize specific antigens

    Antigen Presentation

    • Lineage of cells responsible: Dendritic cells and macrophages
    • Main role: Processing and presenting antigens to T cells

    Cytokines and Chemokines

    • Cytokines: Signaling molecules that coordinate immune responses
    • Main role: Interactions between immune cells, recruiting immune cells to sites of infection
    • Chemokines: Specialized cytokines that attract immune cells to sites of infection
    • Main role: Directing immune cell migration

    T Cells

    • CD4 T cells: Assist in activating B cells and other immune cells
    • CD8 T cells: Directly kill infected cells
    • T cell receptors: Recognize specific antigens
    • Produced through: Somatic recombination and gene rearrangement

    B Cells

    • Main function: Producing antibodies
    • Antibody molecule: Consists of variable and constant regions
    • Variable region: Recognizes specific antigens
    • Constant region: Interacts with cells or other immune elements
    • Antigen binding site: Also known as the paratope

    Immune System

    • Fundamental basis: Specific recognition of pathogens
    • Main difference between innate and adaptive immunity: Specificity and memory
    • Main feature of adaptive immune receptors: Specificity and diversity

    Immune Responses

    • Effector mechanisms: Direct killing of infected cells, antibody production, and inflammation
    • Intercellular signaling: Mainly through cytokines and chemokines
    • Lymph nodes: Filtering out pathogens and activating immune responses
    • Lymphocytes: Mature in lymphoid organs

    Module 204 Infection and Immunity

    • Main topics: Basic and applied immunology
    • Role in future medical careers: Understanding immunologically-mediated diseases
    • Relevance of scientific literature: Staying current with new developments in immunology

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    T1 L1. An overview of immunology (MT) (1).ppt

    Description

    Test your knowledge on immunology with this quiz! From recognizing immunologically-mediated diseases to understanding their treatments and treatment toxicities, this quiz will help you gain a solid understanding of infection and immunity. Get ready to enhance your skills for future careers in the field of immunology.

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