Immunology: Parasite Evasion Mechanisms

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What is the role of Th2 lymphocytes in immune response to helminthic infections?

Producing cytokines that attract eosinophils
Enhancing the proliferation and differentiation of B-lymphocytes into plasma cells (correct)
Activating macrophages to phagocytose parasites
Producing antibodies against parasites

What is the characteristic immune response observed in most helminthic infections?

Monocytosis and elevated serum IgA
Neutrophilia and elevated serum IgG
Lymphocytosis and elevated serum IgM
Eosinophilia and elevated serum IgE (correct)

How do IgE antibodies contribute to the expulsion of adult intestinal helminths?

By activating neutrophils to release reactive oxygen species
By producing cytokines that attract more immune cells
By binding to mucosal mast cells, eosinophils, and goblet cells (correct)
By activating macrophages to phagocytose parasites

Which mechanism of parasite evasion involves reducing the immune function of macrophages?

Immune suppression (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of Trypanosoma gambiense infection on the immune system?

Impaired B and T lymphocyte activities (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic immune response observed in filarial infections, such as Wuchereria bancrofti and Brugia malayi?

Polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia with non-specific antibodies (B) Signup and view all the answers

What type of diet is not suitable for the development of intestinal protozoans?

High-protein (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of pH in non-specific defenses against parasites?

pH kills parasites (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a specific immune response?

Triggered by antigens (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of the Duffy blood factor on Plasmodium vivax infections?

Increases susceptibility (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the immune response in parasitic infections?

Provides both non-specific and specific defenses (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of sickle-cell trait on falciparum malaria?

Confers some protection (B) Signup and view all the answers

How do antigens from parasites typically originate?

From the surface, secretions, excretions, and somatic tissues of the parasite (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of macrophages in the immune response to parasites?

To serve as the first line cellular defense against invading pathogens through phagocytosis (C) Signup and view all the answers

What type of cells are increased in cases of parasitic invasion?

Eosinophils and neutrophils (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the skin in the immune response to parasites?

To have cellular components that participate in the immune response (C) Signup and view all the answers

What type of immune response begins when parasitic antigens are processed and presented to T-helper lymphocytes?

Specific immune response (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of T-helper lymphocytes in the immune response to parasites?

To initiate a specific immune response (D) Signup and view all the answers