Immunology: Parasite Evasion Mechanisms
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Questions and Answers

What is the role of Th2 lymphocytes in immune response to helminthic infections?

  • Producing cytokines that attract eosinophils
  • Enhancing the proliferation and differentiation of B-lymphocytes into plasma cells (correct)
  • Activating macrophages to phagocytose parasites
  • Producing antibodies against parasites

    • What is the characteristic immune response observed in most helminthic infections?

  • Monocytosis and elevated serum IgA
  • Neutrophilia and elevated serum IgG
  • Lymphocytosis and elevated serum IgM
  • Eosinophilia and elevated serum IgE (correct)

    • How do IgE antibodies contribute to the expulsion of adult intestinal helminths?

  • By activating neutrophils to release reactive oxygen species
  • By producing cytokines that attract more immune cells
  • By binding to mucosal mast cells, eosinophils, and goblet cells (correct)
  • By activating macrophages to phagocytose parasites

    • Which mechanism of parasite evasion involves reducing the immune function of macrophages?

    <p>Immune suppression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of Trypanosoma gambiense infection on the immune system?

    <p>Impaired B and T lymphocyte activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic immune response observed in filarial infections, such as Wuchereria bancrofti and Brugia malayi?

    <p>Polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia with non-specific antibodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of diet is not suitable for the development of intestinal protozoans?

    <p>High-protein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of pH in non-specific defenses against parasites?

    <p>pH kills parasites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a specific immune response?

    <p>Triggered by antigens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of the Duffy blood factor on Plasmodium vivax infections?

    <p>Increases susceptibility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the immune response in parasitic infections?

    <p>Provides both non-specific and specific defenses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of sickle-cell trait on falciparum malaria?

    <p>Confers some protection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do antigens from parasites typically originate?

    <p>From the surface, secretions, excretions, and somatic tissues of the parasite</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of macrophages in the immune response to parasites?

    <p>To serve as the first line cellular defense against invading pathogens through phagocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cells are increased in cases of parasitic invasion?

    <p>Eosinophils and neutrophils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the skin in the immune response to parasites?

    <p>To have cellular components that participate in the immune response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of immune response begins when parasitic antigens are processed and presented to T-helper lymphocytes?

    <p>Specific immune response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of T-helper lymphocytes in the immune response to parasites?

    <p>To initiate a specific immune response</p> Signup and view all the answers

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