Immunology Mechanisms Overview

Which immunoglobulin isotype does not switch its heavy chain to become another isotype?

What activation factor differentiates naive B cells into IgA-expressing B cells?

How does IgA protect itself from degradation in mucosal fluid?

What mechanism do CD8+ T cells use to recognize virus-infected cells?

What is the primary role of CD40 activation in antigen-presenting cells (APCs)?

What process do B cells undergo to increase the affinity maturation of immunoglobulins?

How do Tfh cells migrate toward follicular tissue to activate B cells?

What is a key feature of IgE in the immune response?

Which mechanism is primarily responsible for the switching of immunoglobulin heavy chains?

What is the specific role of activation-induced deaminase (AID) during H-chain switching?

Which immunoglobulin isotype is crucial for the elimination of helminths?

What role does CD8+ T cell play in increasing the number of antigen-specific clones compared to CD4+ T cells during infection?

Which enzyme is responsible for removing nucleotides from VDJ recombinant in junctional diversity?

What process do B cells undergo to enhance affinity maturation of immunoglobulin?

Which immune component is responsible for neutralizing microbes and their toxins?

Which receptor is involved in the expression of CD28 in T cell activation?

What is the action mechanism of activation-induced deaminase (AID) in H-chain switching?

What is the primary role of CD40 activation in antigen-presenting cells (APCs)?

What is the role of ubiquitin in the class-MHC pathway?

Which cytotoxic molecule is secreted by cytotoxic T lymphocytes to kill virus-infected cells?

Why can IgG survive longer compared to other immunoglobulin isotypes?

Which enzyme plays a key role in immunoglobulin H-chain switching?

During infection, why do antigen-specific clones of CD8+ T cells increase in number more than CD4+ T cells?

Which of the following describes the function of MHC molecules?

How do neonates primarily protect themselves from infections?

Which Ig isotype is produced through T-independent activation of B cells?

What factor must activate naive B cells to differentiate into IgA-expressing B cells?

Which type of T helper cell is important in selecting specific Ig-producing B cells in the germinal center?

What characteristic allows IgG to survive longer compared to other Ig isotypes?

What role do the complement proteins C3a and C5a play in the immune response?

Which cytotoxic molecule do cytotoxic T lymphocytes secrete to eliminate virus-infected cells?

Which receptor complex is primarily involved in recognizing pathogen-associated molecular patterns?

What is the primary function of the enzyme Ligas during VDJ recombination?

Which B cell subset is specifically involved in somatic hypermutation?

How do CD8+ T cells primarily differ in their effector function from CD4+ Th cells?

What role does ubiquitin play in the class-MHC pathway?

What is the primary purpose of forming the membrane attack complex (MAC) during complement activation?

What action mechanism is performed by activation-induced deaminase (AID) during heavy chain switching?

Among the five immunoglobulin (Ig) isotypes, which one does NOT switch its heavy chain to become another Ig isotype?