Questions and Answers
What does vaccine coverage improvement indicate?
How do you think vaccination rates will affect diseases?
Depends...
What lymphatic component serves to monitor the bacterial load in the intestines?
Peyers patches
What is the main role of the thymus gland?
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What would happen if a healthy person had to have their spleen removed after an accident?
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What is the primary mode by which a macrophage engulfs pathogens?
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Which statement best describes the difference between adaptive and innate immune response?
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Performing phagocytosis of pathogens is an important role that antibodies carry out themselves.
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Where do our lymphocyte cells originate from?
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What cells are classed as lymphocytes?
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Where do B cells mature?
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Which organ do T cells migrate to for maturation?
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B cells attack invaders outside of the cell, and T cells attack infected cells.
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Choose the organ where peripheral tolerance testing takes place.
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Which of the following is NOT a likely outcome of a strongly self-reactive B cell being released into circulation?
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Which cell can differentiate into a plasma cell?
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Where do our myeloid lineage cells originate from?
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If a person has previously received a vaccine to a particular disease and currently is not infected with it, what pattern of antibodies would we expect to see in their blood serum?
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How many of these patients either have been exposed to the disease previously or have received the vaccine?
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Are any of the patients potentially suffering from a current infection?
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Should any of these patients be retested?
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Study Notes
Vaccine Coverage
- Vaccine coverage varies globally, with inconsistent improvements noted across different regions.
Vaccination and Disease
- Vaccination rates can significantly affect disease prevalence and spread; various factors influence this relationship.
Lymphatic System
- Peyer's patches monitor bacterial load in the intestines, playing a crucial role in immune function.
Thymus Gland
- The thymus is a primary lymphatic organ essential for T cell maturation.
Spleen Function
- Spleen removal increases infection risk due to a reduced capacity for immune cell activation.
Microphage Function
- Phagocytosis is the primary mechanism through which microphages engulf and eliminate pathogens.
Immune Responses
- The innate immune response is triggered non-specifically, while the adaptive immune response targets specific pathogens.
Role of Antibodies
- Antibodies do not perform phagocytosis directly; their roles are primarily in neutralization and opsonization.
Lymphocyte Origin
- Lymphocytes, including B cells and natural killer cells, originate from bone marrow.
B Cell Maturation
- B cells mature in the bone marrow, establishing their role in the immune response.
T Cell Maturation
- T cells migrate to the thymus for maturation, where they gain the ability to recognize pathogens.
B and T Cell Function
- B cells address extracellular pathogens, while T cells target and destroy infected cells.
Peripheral Tolerance Testing
- The process for assessing peripheral tolerance occurs in the peripheral tissues of the body.
Self-Reactive B Cells
- A self-reactive B cell in circulation could enhance wound healing through recognition and removal of damaged cells.
Plasma Cell Differentiation
- B cells can differentiate into plasma cells, which produce antibodies.
Myeloid Lineage Origin
- Myeloid lineage cells also originate from the bone marrow.
Antibody Patterns Post-Vaccination
- Following vaccination, the blood serum will typically show reactive IgG antibodies with minimal IgM if no current infection is present.
Patient Exposure to Disease
- 7 patients have either been previously exposed to a disease or vaccinated against it.
Current Infections
- Patients 3, 6, and 8 may be suffering from a current infection as indicated by their samples.
Retesting Suggestions
- Patients 5 and 8 should be retested for more accurate assessment of their immune status.
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Description
Test your knowledge on key concepts in immunology with these flashcards. From vaccines to lymphatic components, explore essential terms and definitions that will deepen your understanding of the immune system. Perfect for students and enthusiasts alike.
