Immunology: Cytokines and Opportunistic Pathogens
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Immunology: Cytokines and Opportunistic Pathogens

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Questions and Answers

What is the function of cytokines?

  • Regulate the intensity and duration of immune responses and blood cells (correct)
  • Inhibit the immune system
  • Promote the growth of pathogens
  • Have no significant function in the body

    • What is an opportunistic pathogen?

  • A pathogen that only affects individuals with lung disease
  • A pathogen that is harmless in normal conditions but becomes harmful in a compromised host (correct)
  • A pathogen that is always harmful in any host
  • A pathogen that only affects immunocompromised individuals

    • What is a nosocomial infection?

  • An infection caused by fungi
  • An infection caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria
  • An infection transmitted through the air
  • An infection that occurs in hospitals (correct)

    • Who discovered Koch's postulates?

    <p>Robert Koch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is herd immunity?

    <p>Immunity in most of a population, limiting outbreaks to sporadic cases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between a sign and a symptom?

    <p>A sign is measurable, while a symptom is only felt by the patient.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of endotoxins released by gram-negative bacteria?

    <p>They cause disseminated intravascular coagulation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the ID 50 measure?

    <p>The infectious dose for 50% of a sample population.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is opsonization?

    <p>The enhancement of phagocytosis by coating microorganisms with serum proteins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of vaccine contains inactivated toxins produced by a pathogen?

    <p>Toxoid vaccine</p> Signup and view all the answers

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