Immunology Moodle WB

Substances that trigger an immune response, including bacteria, fungi, algae, protozoa, viruses, parasites, chemicals, toxins, pollen, etc.

A type of white blood cell that plays a key role in the immune response by recognizing and destroying pathogens.

Small proteins produced by immune cells that act as messengers, coordinating the immune response and influencing other cells.

Cytokines produced by T helper (Th) cells. Type 1 cytokines are produced by Th1 cells, while Type 2 cytokines are produced by Th2 cells.

A type of cytokine that acts as a signaling molecule, attracting other immune cells to the site of infection or inflammation.

A type of cytokine that stimulates the production of other cells in the immune system, like white blood cells.

Cytokines produced by T helper cells that help activate other immune cells like macrophages and cytotoxic T cells.

Cytokines produced by monocytes. These cytokines play a role in inflammation and immune response.

A type of antibody found in bodily fluids like saliva, tears, and breast milk. It acts as a first line of defense against pathogens.

Found in the blood, this antibody does not activate the complement system.

A type of antibody found in very low levels in the blood.

A complex system of proteins that helps the immune system fight infections.

Chemicals that can damage and destroy cells.

A process where antibodies bind to pathogens and activate the complement system, ultimately leading to their destruction.

A complex process where B cells mature and become plasma cells, which are capable of producing antibodies.

Specialized immune cells that produce antibodies in response to specific antigens.

A type of white blood cell that plays a key role in the immune system. They engulf and destroy pathogens through a process called phagocytosis.

A type of phagocyte that is the most common type of white blood cell in the blood. They are the first responders to infection and quickly kill bacteria.

A type of phagocyte that is larger than neutrophils. They are found in tissues and are important for long-term immune responses.

A type of phagocyte that presents antigens to T cells, which are another type of immune cell. This helps to activate the adaptive immune response.

Proteins produced by the immune system that bind to specific antigens, which are molecules that trigger an immune response. They help to neutralize pathogens and mark them for destruction.

A group of proteins that circulate in the blood and help to destroy pathogens by forming a pore in their cell membrane. They are part of the innate immune system.

The process by which a cell is programmed to die. It is a normal and controlled part of development and immune function.

A type of white blood cell that develops within the thymus gland, where it matures and becomes able to recognize and attack specific antigens.

A type of T lymphocyte that helps other immune cells to fight off infections by releasing cytokines.

A type of T cell that directly attacks virus-infected cells and cancer cells.

A type of T cell that targets and kills cells that have been infected by viruses or have become cancerous.

A type of T cell that helps to activate other immune cells, such as macrophages and B cells, and plays a crucial role in regulating the immune response.

A type of T cell that activates macrophages.

A type of T cell that is responsible for initiating the immune response by signaling for the creation of antibodies.

A type of white blood cell that does not need to be exposed to an antigen in order to respond to it.

A type of white blood cell that does need to be exposed to an antigen in order to respond to it.

A type of immune response that is non-specific and targets a wide range of pathogens.

A type of white blood cell derived from myeloid stem cells in the bone marrow.

A type of granulocyte that releases histamine and heparin in the bloodstream.

A chemical released in the bloodstream in response to allergic reactions or infections that dilates blood vessels and increases blood flow to the affected area.

A type of white blood cell that is a potent type of innate immunity cells and they are most effective against infections.

The body's natural defense system that is always active and acts immediately to fight infections.

The process by which a cell develops from an immature to a mature form.

The process by which cells are recruited to a specific site in the body.

A type of immune response that is specific to a particular type of pathogen or antigen.

A group of chemicals released as part of the innate immune response that help to initiate and amplify inflammation.

The immune system's response to allergens, which can cause symptoms such as sneezing, runny nose, and itchy eyes.

A substance that causes an allergic reaction.

A type of inflammatory mediator that causes blood vessels to dilate, increasing blood flow to the affected area.