Immunology Basics Quiz

A type of immunity that is acquired after exposure to an antigen, such as through vaccination or infection.

A type of acquired immunity where the body's immune system actively produces antibodies or lymphocytes in response to an antigen.

A type of acquired immunity where antibodies or lymphocytes are transferred from one individual to another, providing immediate protection.

Any substance that triggers an immune response. This generally means a foreign molecule, like a protein or carbohydrate, that is not normally found in the body.

The body's natural defense system that protects against disease. It recognizes and eliminates harmful substances or pathogens.

The process of introducing a weakened or inactivated form of a pathogen into the body to stimulate an immune response and provide lasting protection against the disease.

The introduction of potentially harmful substances into the body, usually by injection or oral administration, to trigger an immune response.

Antibodies are proteins produced by the immune system that recognize and bind to specific antigens, neutralizing them or marking them for destruction.

Antibodies that are already present in the body and ready to immediately fight off pathogens.

The process of developing immunity through exposure to a pathogen, usually through infection.

The process of developing immunity through the introduction of a weakened or inactive form of a pathogen, usually through vaccination.

The process of transferring pre-formed antibodies from one person to another, usually through injection.

A substance that stimulates the immune system to produce antibodies against a specific pathogen.

A type of vaccine that uses a weakened version of the actual pathogen to trigger an immune response.

A vaccine that contains a killed or inactivated version of the pathogen.

A component of a bacteria, like a capsule, that can trigger an immune response.

A toxin produced by a bacteria that has been treated with formaldehyde to make it safe but still able to stimulate an immune response.

A vaccine that uses a viral antigen, such as the surface protein of a virus, to trigger an immune response.

The process of maintaining a specific temperature range for storing and transporting vaccines to ensure their effectiveness.

A system that involves the storage and transport of vaccines at appropriate temperatures from their origin to the vaccination site.

Vaccines that are less stable at higher temperatures and may lose their effectiveness if exposed to heat.

Hepatitis B Immune Globulin (HBIG) is a specific type of passive immunization, containing ready-made antibodies against hepatitis B virus, used to prevent infection.

Adjuvants are substances added to vaccines to enhance the immune response to the antigen, improving vaccine efficacy.

Aluminum salts are commonly used as adjuvants in vaccines. They enhance the immune response by trapping antigens in tissues, increasing exposure to immune cells.

Cytokines, like IL-2, IL-12, and interferon-gamma, are newer adjuvants that enhance immune response by stimulating immune cell production and activity.

Adjuvants are not directly involved in fighting infection. They enhance the immune response to the antigen introduced in the vaccine.

Vaccination can have some side effects, like redness, tenderness, or swelling at the injection site.

All immune responses carry a risk of adverse reactions, although they are usually mild and temporary.