Immunology: Agglutination Techniques Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What indicates a positive result in the Ouchterlony double diffusion method?

  • Complete solubility of antibodies
  • Disappearance of the antigen
  • Presence of particulate antigens
  • Formation of a precipitin ring (correct)

In direct agglutination, what is the primary characteristic of the antigens involved?

  • They cannot cause visible agglutination.
  • They are naturally found on the particles' surface. (correct)
  • They are artificially attached to carriers.
  • They are soluble antigens in solution.

What is the main function of agglutinin in agglutination tests?

  • To detect soluble antigens in solution
  • To prevent agglutination from occurring
  • To bind directly with particulate antigens
  • To enhance visibility of agglutinated particles (correct)

How does agglutination-inhibition work?

<p>By competing particulate and soluble antigens for antibody sites (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of passive agglutination?

<p>Antigens are artificially attached to particulate carriers (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of agglutination technique is often used for detecting microbial antigens?

<p>Reverse passive agglutination (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does the carrier (such as a bacterium) play in co-agglutination?

<p>It binds antibodies to visible particles. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common application of Reverse Passive Agglutination?

<p>Identification of bacterial infections (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does immunohematology primarily study?

<p>The genetic and biochemical analysis of blood components (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component is part of the ABO typing process?

<p>Forward Typing (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of blood bank is located within a hospital?

<p>Hospital-based blood bank (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does forward typing detect during the ABO typing process?

<p>The blood group antigens on red blood cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of AntiSera in blood typing?

<p>To contain immunoglobulins for antigen detection (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the solute in a dilution?

<p>It is the substance being diluted. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of a blood collection unit?

<p>To collect and process blood donations (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of immunoassay is used to detect an unknown antigen?

<p>Direct/Forward test (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of precipitation reactions?

<p>They create visible insoluble complexes. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the function of a blood bank or center?

<p>To recruit and process blood donations for transfusion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which element is crucial for reverse typing in ABO typing?

<p>Utilizing serum or plasma samples for antigen detection (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In nephelometry, what is measured?

<p>The light scattered at a specific angle. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes immunofixation electrophoresis from other techniques?

<p>Antiserum is applied directly to the gel’s surface. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following techniques involves a single-diffusion process?

<p>Radial immunodiffusion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about immunoturbidimetry is correct?

<p>It measures the concentration of soluble antigens. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a diluent in a solution?

<p>It acts as the solvent for the solute. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of a voluntary blood donor?

<p>A person who donates blood on their own initiative. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the ANTIHUMAN GLOBULIN TEST specifically detect?

<p>The presence of IgG- or Complement coated RBC. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In forward typing, what does a 4+ reaction with ANTI-A suggest?

<p>Type A blood. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What sample type is preferred for the DAT?

<p>EDTA blood (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the basis of gel technology in agglutination tests?

<p>It uses controlled centrifugation through a gel with reagents. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the Direct Antihuman Globulin Test (DAT) primarily detect?

<p>In vivo sensitization of RBC with IgG (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which clinical condition is DAT NOT used?

<p>Identification of blood group antigens (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about Rh typing is accurate?

<p>Rh typing identifies RhD using Anti-D reagent. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a negative result in the DAT procedure indicate?

<p>No sensitization detected (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key step in the Indirect Antihuman Globulin Test (IAT)?

<p>Incubate anti-sera with patient red cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a compatible result indicate in IAT?

<p>No agglutination or hemolysis in all tubes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of using Polyspecific Antihuman Globulin in testing?

<p>To contain antibodies to human IgG and C3d complement (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a use of the Indirect Antihuman Globulin Test (IAT)?

<p>Diagnosis of HDFN (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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