Immunology: Agglutination Techniques Quiz

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What indicates a positive result in the Ouchterlony double diffusion method?

Complete solubility of antibodies

Disappearance of the antigen

Presence of particulate antigens

Formation of a precipitin ring (correct)

In direct agglutination, what is the primary characteristic of the antigens involved?

They cannot cause visible agglutination.

They are naturally found on the particles' surface. (correct)

They are artificially attached to carriers.

They are soluble antigens in solution.

What is the main function of agglutinin in agglutination tests?

To detect soluble antigens in solution

To prevent agglutination from occurring

To bind directly with particulate antigens

To enhance visibility of agglutinated particles (correct)

How does agglutination-inhibition work?

By competing particulate and soluble antigens for antibody sites Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of passive agglutination?

Antigens are artificially attached to particulate carriers Signup and view all the answers

What type of agglutination technique is often used for detecting microbial antigens?

Reverse passive agglutination Signup and view all the answers

What role does the carrier (such as a bacterium) play in co-agglutination?

It binds antibodies to visible particles. Signup and view all the answers

What is a common application of Reverse Passive Agglutination?

Identification of bacterial infections Signup and view all the answers

What does immunohematology primarily study?

The genetic and biochemical analysis of blood components Signup and view all the answers

Which component is part of the ABO typing process?

Forward Typing Signup and view all the answers

What type of blood bank is located within a hospital?

Hospital-based blood bank Signup and view all the answers

What does forward typing detect during the ABO typing process?

The blood group antigens on red blood cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of AntiSera in blood typing?

To contain immunoglobulins for antigen detection Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the solute in a dilution?

It is the substance being diluted. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of a blood collection unit?

To collect and process blood donations Signup and view all the answers

Which type of immunoassay is used to detect an unknown antigen?

Direct/Forward test Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of precipitation reactions?

They create visible insoluble complexes. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the function of a blood bank or center?

To recruit and process blood donations for transfusion Signup and view all the answers

Which element is crucial for reverse typing in ABO typing?

Utilizing serum or plasma samples for antigen detection Signup and view all the answers

In nephelometry, what is measured?

The light scattered at a specific angle. Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes immunofixation electrophoresis from other techniques?

Antiserum is applied directly to the gel’s surface. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following techniques involves a single-diffusion process?

Radial immunodiffusion Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about immunoturbidimetry is correct?

It measures the concentration of soluble antigens. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a diluent in a solution?

It acts as the solvent for the solute. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of a voluntary blood donor?

A person who donates blood on their own initiative. Signup and view all the answers

What does the ANTIHUMAN GLOBULIN TEST specifically detect?

The presence of IgG- or Complement coated RBC. Signup and view all the answers

In forward typing, what does a 4+ reaction with ANTI-A suggest?

Type A blood. Signup and view all the answers

What sample type is preferred for the DAT?

EDTA blood Signup and view all the answers

What is the basis of gel technology in agglutination tests?

It uses controlled centrifugation through a gel with reagents. Signup and view all the answers

What does the Direct Antihuman Globulin Test (DAT) primarily detect?

In vivo sensitization of RBC with IgG Signup and view all the answers

In which clinical condition is DAT NOT used?

Identification of blood group antigens Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about Rh typing is accurate?

Rh typing identifies RhD using Anti-D reagent. Signup and view all the answers

What does a negative result in the DAT procedure indicate?

No sensitization detected Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key step in the Indirect Antihuman Globulin Test (IAT)?

Incubate anti-sera with patient red cells Signup and view all the answers

What does a compatible result indicate in IAT?

No agglutination or hemolysis in all tubes Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of using Polyspecific Antihuman Globulin in testing?

To contain antibodies to human IgG and C3d complement Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a use of the Indirect Antihuman Globulin Test (IAT)?

Diagnosis of HDFN Signup and view all the answers