10 Questions
What is the result of crosslinking in precipitation immunoassays?
Formation of a precipitate
What is the minimum valency required for both the antibody and antigen in these techniques?
Bivalent
What is measured in agglutination immunoassays?
The change in turbidity of the solution
What is the term for the measurement of turbidity in agglutination immunoassays?
Nephelometry
What is the ratio of antibody to antigen required for precipitation and agglutination to occur?
The correct ratio is required
What is the primary requirement for precipitation and agglutination to occur in immunoassays?
The antibody and antigen must be bivalent
Which of the following is a characteristic of agglutination immunoassays?
The solution becomes turbid upon antigen-antibody binding
What is the primary difference between precipitation and agglutination immunoassays?
The presence or absence of precipitation
Which of the following is a necessary condition for both precipitation and agglutination to occur?
The antibody and antigen are bivalent
What is the underlying physical property being exploited in precipitation and agglutination immunoassays?
Changes in turbidity and precipitation
Study Notes
Immunoassays: Exploiting Physical Changes in Solution
- Immunoassays exploit two physical properties: precipitation and agglutination, which require a specific ratio of antibody to antigen.
Precipitation
- Occurs when the correct ratio of antibody to antigen is achieved, leading to crosslinking and precipitation (ppt).
- Requires bivalency of both antibody and antigen, meaning the antibody must bind to two antigens and the antigen must bind to two antibodies.
Agglutination
- Similar to precipitation, but crosslinking does not result in precipitation, instead causing a change in turbidity of the solution.
- Change in turbidity can be measured using nephelometry, shining light through the solution.
- Also requires bivalency of both antibody and antigen.
Immunoassays: Exploiting Physical Changes in Solution
- Immunoassays exploit two physical properties: precipitation and agglutination, which require a specific ratio of antibody to antigen.
Precipitation
- Occurs when the correct ratio of antibody to antigen is achieved, leading to crosslinking and precipitation (ppt).
- Requires bivalency of both antibody and antigen, meaning the antibody must bind to two antigens and the antigen must bind to two antibodies.
Agglutination
- Similar to precipitation, but crosslinking does not result in precipitation, instead causing a change in turbidity of the solution.
- Change in turbidity can be measured using nephelometry, shining light through the solution.
- Also requires bivalency of both antibody and antigen.
Learn about immunoassays that exploit physical changes in solution, including precipitation and agglutination methods. Understand how these techniques work and their requirements.
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