Immunization Training: Stages of Vaccination Service
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of using a Patient Group Direction (PGD)?

  • To deliver effective patient care in a pre-defined clinical situation (correct)
  • To maximise the use of the skills of a range of health professionals
  • To provide a safe legal framework to protect patients
  • To reduce delays in treatment

    • In the vaccination service, what is the stage that involves providing advice and obtaining consent?

  • Vaccine Preparation
  • Record Keeping
  • Assess individual, consent and provide advice (correct)
  • Vaccine Administration

    • What is one of the advantages of using a PGD in patient care?

  • It delays treatment
  • It improves access to appropriate medicines (correct)
  • It reduces the use of health professionals' skills
  • It improves access to inappropriate medicines

    • What is the stage of the vaccination service that involves documenting patient information?

    <p>Record Keeping</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of appropriate governance in the vaccination service?

    <p>To ensure the vaccine, patient, and pharmacist are aligned</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a Record of Authorisation in a Patient Group Direction?

    <p>To give authority for a healthcare professional to work under the PGD</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended storage temperature range for the influenza vaccine?

    <p>Between 2-8°C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the age range for which live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) is suitable?

    <p>2 years to under 18 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a Self-Audit in clinical governance?

    <p>To identify areas for improvement in the vaccination service</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the 'black triangle' symbol in the PGD?

    <p>It indicates a vaccine with intensified monitoring</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who needs to provide consent for 13-17-year-olds receiving the influenza vaccine?

    <p>The patient's parent or guardian</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Service Level Agreement (SLA) in a vaccination service?

    <p>To outline the terms of the vaccination service</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a Cell-based quadrivalent influenza vaccine (QIVc)?

    <p>A type of inactivated influenza vaccine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Green Book in a vaccination service?

    <p>To outline the national guidelines for vaccination services</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of a 'clinically at risk' group in the PGD?

    <p>It includes individuals who are at high risk of influenza complications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended age range for administering LAIV in preference to inactivated influenza vaccine?

    <p>Aged 2 to under 18 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended action if a patient has had a confirmed anaphylactic reaction to a previous dose of the vaccine?

    <p>Document and refer to GP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended procedure for administering the influenza vaccine?

    <p>Intramuscular injection in the mid deltoid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended period of time for the patient to remain with the pharmacist after the procedure?

    <p>At least 10 minutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended course of action in the event of an anaphylactic reaction?

    <p>Call 999 immediately</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended record-keeping period for patient records and consent forms?

    <p>At least 10 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended action if a patient declines the influenza vaccine?

    <p>Document and refer to GP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended route of administration for the influenza vaccine?

    <p>Intramuscular</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended action prior to administering the influenza vaccine?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended storage condition for the influenza vaccine?

    <p>Store at room temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of recording patient details in the record and consent form?

    <p>To obtain patient consent for the vaccination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the Pharmacy Self Audit in relation to vaccine administration?

    <p>It is a quality control measure for pharmacy services</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary responsibility of an authorised person under the Patient Group Direction (PGD)?

    <p>To practise within their own competence and maintain clinical knowledge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the post-vaccination questionnaire?

    <p>To monitor patient reactions to the vaccine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the requirement for storing vaccines in a pharmacy?

    <p>In a refrigerator monitored daily</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of not using the current version of the PGD?

    <p>The pharmacy may not receive NHS payment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the resuscitation guidelines in the PGD?

    <p>To outline procedures for anaphylaxis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the requirement for reporting data in the PGD?

    <p>All records must be made on the PharmOutcomes or Sonar system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the Annual Flu Letter and Flu Plan in the PGD?

    <p>They are references for the authorised person</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the final check before practising under a PGD?

    <p>Ensure all necessary training and CPD are completed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of reconstituting vaccines just before administration?

    <p>To maintain efficacy and stability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following vaccines is administered orally?

    <p>Cholera vaccine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended needle length for intramuscular injections in most adults?

    <p>25 mm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the deltoid area of the upper arm a preferred injection site?

    <p>It provides a larger muscle mass</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for not injecting vaccines into the buttock?

    <p>Risk of sciatic nerve damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should the skin be stretched flat during intramuscular injections?

    <p>To ensure the vaccine is injected into the muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended action when visibly dirty skin is encountered?

    <p>Clean the skin with soap and water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended angle for the needle during intramuscular injections?

    <p>90º angle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be checked before administering a vaccine?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should the diluent be added slowly to the vaccine during reconstitution?

    <p>To prevent frothing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a severe allergic reaction NOT considered as?

    <p>A contraindication to vaccination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a true contraindication for vaccination?

    <p>Moderately or severely unwell individuals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct way to hold a child during vaccination in the anterolateral aspect of the thigh?

    <p>Parent cuddles the child closely and places the child's nearest arm around the parent's back</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be reported to the Committee on Safety of Medicines using the Yellow Card Scheme?

    <p>Only serious adverse reactions for established vaccines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where should the BCG vaccine and equipment be disposed of?

    <p>Purple lidded waste container for cytotoxic waste</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What information should be recorded accurately in the patient's record?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who should report suspected adverse drug reactions (ADRs) to vaccines?

    <p>Both healthcare professionals and parents or caregivers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done to a sharps bin when it is 2/3rds full?

    <p>It should be replaced with a new one</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the minimum slide set created by the Immunisation Department, Centre for Infections?

    <p>To assist in teaching the Core Curriculum for Immunisation Training</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be ensured before vaccination?

    <p>The vaccinee or carer is fully informed about the vaccines and understands the vaccination procedure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of a Patient Group Direction (PGD)?

    <p>To deliver effective patient care that is appropriate in a pre-defined clinical situation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of using a PGD in patient care?

    <p>To improve access to appropriate medicines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of appropriate governance in the vaccination service?

    <p>To ensure vaccine, patient, and pharmacist governance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of Stage 1 of the vaccination service?

    <p>Assess individual, consent, and provide advice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the stages of the vaccination service?

    <p>To deliver effective patient care that is appropriate in a pre-defined clinical situation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the Record of Authorisation?

    <p>To give authority for a healthcare professional to work under the PGD</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the 'at risk' groups in the PGD?

    <p>They may be included or excluded depending on the PGD</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended storage temperature range for the influenza vaccine?

    <p>2-8°C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Self-Audit in clinical governance?

    <p>To evaluate the vaccination process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended action if a patient declines the influenza vaccine?

    <p>Document the refusal in the patient's record</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the Green Book in a vaccination service?

    <p>It is a comprehensive guide to immunisation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the Service Level Agreement (SLA)?

    <p>To specify the service standards for the vaccination service</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended action prior to administering the influenza vaccine?

    <p>Check the patient's medical history</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Patient Group Direction (PGD)?

    <p>To authorise healthcare professionals to administer vaccinations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the National Protocol in the PGD?

    <p>It ensures consistency in vaccination practices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the appropriate action to take if a patient has a confirmed anaphylactic reaction to a component of the vaccine?

    <p>Document and refer to GP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended dose and route of administration for the influenza vaccine?

    <p>0.5ml intramuscularly in the deltoid region</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done with the patient's records and consent forms after vaccination?

    <p>Keep them for 10 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who should be informed about the benefits and risks of immunization?

    <p>The patient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be checked before administering the influenza vaccine?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Yellow Card scheme?

    <p>To report adverse reactions to the vaccine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be rotated to 'mix' before using the vaccine?

    <p>The vaccine vial</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended action if a patient declines the influenza vaccine?

    <p>Do not administer the vaccine and inform the patient of the risks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done with the patient after the vaccination procedure?

    <p>The patient should remain with the pharmacist for 10 minutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the black triangle status of some vaccines?

    <p>It indicates that the vaccine has a high risk of adverse reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done with older versions of the PGD once an updated version is released?

    <p>Withdraw them from use with immediate effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary responsibility of an authorised person under the PGD?

    <p>To work within the bounds of their own competence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Pharmacy Self-Audit?

    <p>To identify areas for improvement in the vaccination service</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be recorded accurately in the patient's record?

    <p>Patient details, vaccination details, and adverse effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the post-vaccination questionnaire?

    <p>To monitor for any adverse effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the requirement for reporting data in the PGD?

    <p>For all vaccinations provided</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the Green Book in the PGD?

    <p>It provides immunisation guidance for healthcare professionals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the governance structure in the PGD?

    <p>To ensure accountability and responsibility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended action when a patient declines the influenza vaccine?

    <p>Document the decline and respect their decision</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done with the vaccine storage fridge?

    <p>Check the temperature daily</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to inject vaccines into muscle and not into fat?

    <p>To ensure a better immune response to the vaccine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be checked before administering a vaccine?

    <p>The colour and composition of the vaccine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended injection site for infants under 1 year?

    <p>The anterolateral aspect of the thigh</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should the diluent be added slowly to the vaccine during reconstitution?

    <p>To avoid frothing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done to visibly dirty skin before administering a vaccine?

    <p>Cleaned with soap and water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should vaccines not be given into the buttock?

    <p>Due to the risk of injecting into fat rather than muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be recorded after administering a vaccine?

    <p>The site at which each vaccine was given</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should the skin be stretched flat during intramuscular injections?

    <p>To ensure the vaccine is injected into muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended needle length for intramuscular injections in most adults?

    <p>25mm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be ensured before administering a vaccine?

    <p>The patient has given consent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done before vaccinating a moderately or severely unwell individual?

    <p>Delay vaccination until they recover</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a true contraindication to vaccination?

    <p>Anaphylaxis to a previous dose of vaccine or a vaccine component</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who should report suspected adverse drug reactions (ADRs) to vaccines?

    <p>Both healthcare professionals and parents or caregivers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What information should be recorded accurately after vaccination?

    <p>Vaccine name, batch number, expiry date, dose administered, and site used</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where should the vaccination area be positioned for all ages?

    <p>Completely exposed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done with reconstituted vaccines, opened single and multidose vials, and used needles and syringes?

    <p>Dispose of them in a yellow sharps bin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of observing vaccine recipients for immediate adverse reactions?

    <p>To identify any potential allergic reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done if a child is being breastfed?

    <p>Vaccinate the child as scheduled</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended action for a child's mother who is pregnant?

    <p>Vaccinate the child as scheduled</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be recorded in the patient's record?

    <p>Vaccine name, batch number, expiry date, dose administered, and site used</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of a Patient Group Direction (PGD)?

    <p>To deliver effective patient care in a pre-defined clinical situation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of Stage 1 in the vaccination service?

    <p>Assess individual, consent and provide advice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an advantage of using a PGD?

    <p>To improve access to appropriate medicines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the governance structure in a PGD?

    <p>To provide a safe legal framework to protect patients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the stages in the vaccination service?

    <p>To ensure correct administration of vaccines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary responsibility of the authorized person under the Patient Group Direction (PGD)?

    <p>To practise only within the bounds of their own competence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What information should be recorded in the patient's record?

    <p>Patient details, vaccine details, and any adverse effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done with older versions of the PGD once an updated version is released?

    <p>Withdraw the older version from use with immediate effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Pharmacy Self-Audit?

    <p>To evaluate the vaccination service provided</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who should be informed about the benefits and risks of immunization?

    <p>The patient only</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the Green Book in a vaccination service?

    <p>It provides guidance on vaccination administration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be ensured before administering a vaccine?

    <p>The patient has been screened and consented</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the consent form?

    <p>To obtain the patient's consent for vaccination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done to a patient who reports an adverse effect after vaccination?

    <p>Report the adverse effect and manage it accordingly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended way to record patient data?

    <p>On the PharmOutcomes or Sonar system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a Patient Group Direction (PGD)?

    <p>To provide authority for healthcare professionals to administer vaccines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is essential for providing a safe service and clinical governance?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of influenza vaccine may be offered when every attempt to use QIVc or QIVr has been exhausted?

    <p>Egg-grown quadrivalent influenza vaccine (QIVe)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who needs to sign the PGD?

    <p>The healthcare professional</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which age range is the live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) suitable?

    <p>2 to under 18 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of a 'clinically at risk' group in the PGD?

    <p>It does not necessarily mean inclusion for vaccination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done if a patient has a confirmed anaphylactic reaction to a component of the vaccine?

    <p>Document and refer to GP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Service Level Agreement (SLA)?

    <p>To outline the service standards and expectations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of a Standard Operating Procedure (SOP)?

    <p>To outline the steps to follow in a specific situation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be reported using the Yellow Card scheme?

    <p>Adverse effects of the vaccine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended storage temperature for the vaccine?

    <p>2-80°C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended dose and route of administration for the influenza vaccine?

    <p>0.5ml intramuscularly in the deltoid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done with the patient's records and consent forms after vaccination?

    <p>Keep them for 10 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the age range for which live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) is suitable?

    <p>2 years to under 18 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of informing the patient about the benefits and risks of immunization?

    <p>To obtain consent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be recorded accurately in the patient's record?

    <p>The vaccine administered, patient's medical history, and post-vaccination check</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done before vaccinating a moderately or severely unwell individual?

    <p>Delay vaccination until the individual is well</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended action in the event of an anaphylactic reaction?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done with used needles and syringes?

    <p>Dispose of them in the sharps bin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Pharmacy Self-Audit?

    <p>To check the pharmacy's governance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason for reconstituting vaccines just before administration?

    <p>To maintain efficacy and stability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be checked before administering a vaccine?

    <p>The vaccine's expiry date and correct dose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the preferred injection site for infants under 1 year?

    <p>Anterolateral aspect of the thigh</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should the buttock be avoided as an injection site?

    <p>It may cause sciatic nerve damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done with visibly dirty skin before vaccination?

    <p>Cleaned with soap and water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended angle for injecting the vaccine into the muscle?

    <p>90 degrees</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be recorded after administering a vaccine?

    <p>The vaccination site</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using a green (21G) needle for reconstituting freeze-dried vaccines?

    <p>To draw up the diluent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be ensured before administering a vaccine?

    <p>There are no contraindications to the vaccine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended length of the needle for intramuscular injections in most adults?

    <p>25 mm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done before vaccinating a moderately or severely unwell individual?

    <p>Postpone the vaccination until the individual recovers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a true contraindication for vaccination?

    <p>Anaphylaxis to previous dose of vaccine or a vaccine component</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should a child be held during vaccination in the anterolateral aspect of the thigh?

    <p>The child should be held securely on the parent's lap</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done with used needles and syringes?

    <p>Dispose of them in a yellow sharps bin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What information should be recorded accurately in the patient's record?

    <p>Vaccine name, batch number, and expiry date</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done with a sharps bin when it is 2/3rds full?

    <p>Replace it with a new one</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who should report suspected adverse drug reactions (ADRs) to vaccines?

    <p>Both healthcare professionals and parents or caregivers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of observing vaccine recipients for immediate adverse reactions?

    <p>To detect and respond to adverse reactions promptly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where should the vaccination area be positioned for all ages?

    <p>In a designated area with the vaccination area completely exposed</p> Signup and view all the answers

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