Immunization and Infection Control Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary goal of immunization in the presence of fever and other infections?

To reduce the duration of illness

To limit the infection (correct)

To prevent symptoms from worsening

To completely eradicate the infection

At what age is the current target group for the Expanded Program on Immunization primarily focused?

Under 18 years old

Under 5 years old (correct)

Under 12 months old

Under 10 years old

What is a characteristic of strict isolation?

It is only used during non-communicable infections

It is designed to protect the patient from external infections

It is intended to limit the microorganisms to within the patient (correct)

It allows for family visits during infection

How long does immunity from the cholera, dysentery, and typhoid vaccine last?

Six months Signup and view all the answers

What is a defining feature of reverse isolation?

It is to protect the immunocompromised patient Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary objective of environmental sanitation in the context provided?

To prevent the proliferation of vectors like arthropods and rodents. Signup and view all the answers

Who is responsible for obtaining the anti-rabies vaccines as mentioned?

The Barangay Captain. Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes a carrier from a sick person in the context provided?

A carrier does not exhibit signs or symptoms of the disease. Signup and view all the answers

What is the best strategy to prevent nosocomial infections according to the content?

Standard Precaution. Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended frequency for testing sex workers for gonorrhea in the context provided?

Twice a month. Signup and view all the answers

Which microorganism is known to pass through the placental barrier after the 16th week of pregnancy?

Treponema pallidum Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following reservoirs is correctly matched with its microorganism?

Treponema pallidum - human genitalia Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary portal of exit for Treponema pallidum?

Genitourinary system Signup and view all the answers

In which trimester is syphilis fatal during pregnancy?

Third trimester Signup and view all the answers

What type of diseases do viruses typically give rise to?

Self-limiting diseases Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the nature of viruses?

Require living cells for multiplication Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of natural immunity?

Inherent at birth Signup and view all the answers

Which microorganism's portal of exit is the respiratory system?

Measles virus Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mode of transmission in the early stage of infection?

Droplet Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following should not be administered to the patient experiencing severe muscle pain?

Morphine Signup and view all the answers

What symptom is indicative of the microorganism affecting the central nervous system?

Stiffness of the hamstring Signup and view all the answers

What should be done to relieve a patient experiencing severe muscle pain?

Apply warm packs Signup and view all the answers

Which sign indicates the possible presence of Hoyne’s Sign?

Head drop Signup and view all the answers

What type of paralysis affects the intercostal muscles leading to difficulty in breathing?

Spinal paralysis Signup and view all the answers

Which combination of types is described as Bulbo-Spinal Type?

Bulbar and spinal types Signup and view all the answers

What would NOT relieve a patient experiencing severe muscle pain?

Moving the patient frequently Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of administering the Oral Polio Vaccine (OPV)?

To prevent the transmission of the polio virus Signup and view all the answers

At what age is the first dose of the Oral Polio Vaccine administered?

Six weeks old Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct interval between doses of the Oral Polio Vaccine?

Four weeks Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a preventive measure for poliomyelitis?

Dispensing the vaccine through injection Signup and view all the answers

Which spinal type affects anterior horn cells?

Spinal type Signup and view all the answers

What is a common psychological aspect of care for patients with poliomyelitis?

Employing empathy in their care Signup and view all the answers

What should be avoided to prevent the mode of transmission of poliomyelitis?

Crowding in public places Signup and view all the answers

What is another name for rabies?

Lyssa Signup and view all the answers

What is the velocity of the virus mentioned in the content?

3 millimeters per hour Signup and view all the answers

Under which circumstance should one submit for treatment after a bite?

If there are multiple bites Signup and view all the answers

What should you do if a dog does not die within ten days after an unprovoked bite?

You can stop the vaccine regimen Signup and view all the answers

How long of immunity does continuing the vaccine regimen provide?

Three years Signup and view all the answers

What should the dosage be on day three for the treatment schedule?

1 vial on one site Signup and view all the answers

What type of bite does not warrant concern for treatment?

Unprovoked bite Signup and view all the answers

What is an important concept regarding counting doses?

Counting is always based on the first dose Signup and view all the answers

If you receive a bite from a dog and there is no provocation, you should:

Seek treatment only if symptoms appear Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Communicable Diseases

Diseases caused by pathogenic microorganisms that can be transmitted from an infected person to a susceptible person.
These are transmitted by direct contact, indirect means, or through breaks in skin integrity.

Infectious Diseases

Diseases where a living microorganism is present in the body.
Transmission does not always require contact between people.

Contagious Diseases

Diseases that are easily transmitted from person to person.
All contagious diseases are infectious, but not all infectious diseases are contagious.

Modes of Transmission

Direct: Person-to-person, most commonly through droplet transmission.
- Examples: kissing, sexual contact
Indirect: Transmission through an intermediary object.
- Examples: Vehicle-borne (non-living objects like catheters), Vector-borne (living things like insects)
Break in skin: Inoculation (contaminated needles/sharps), animal bites
Airborne: Microorganisms suspended in air; travel limited to a few feet.

Epidemiological Triad

Three factors for a disease to occur: host, agent, environment.
Host susceptibility is a factor in infection.

Types of Hosts

Patient: Infected person showing signs and symptoms.
Carrier: Harbors microorganisms but shows no signs or symptoms.
Suspect: Individual showing symptoms that may indicate a specific infection.

Horizontal Transmission

Transfer of microorganisms in a horizontal position.

Vertical Transmission

Transfer from a parent to offspring.
- Example: Infected mother to newborn.

Other Concepts

Virulence: The strength and power of the microorganisms to cause an infection.
Pathogenicity: The capacity of microorganisms to cause an infection.

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Description

Test your knowledge on immunization practices, infection control measures, and environmental health concepts. This quiz covers key topics such as vaccination guidelines, infection transmission, and sanitation objectives. Perfect for students in health sciences or anyone interested in public health.