Pharmacy Practice and Professionalism Review
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What vaccination is recommended for a 67-year-old male who received one dose of Zostavax 2 years ago?

  • Patient needs a two dose series of Shingrix - 1 dose today and 1 dose in two to six months (correct)
  • Patient needs one dose of Shingrix to be considered fully vaccinated against herpes zoster
  • BL doesn’t require further vaccination against herpes zoster since he had Zostavax
  • BL requires a second dose of Zostavax

    • Which statement is true regarding the Shingrix vaccine for a 55-year-old immunocompetent adult?

  • Shingrix is contraindicated in pregnancy
  • The vaccine should be stored at -20°C
  • It is FDA-approved for adults ≥60 years old (correct)
  • The recommended dosing schedule is 0 and 1 month

    • What is the dosing interval for the two-dose series of Shingrix?

  • 2 to 3 months between doses
  • 3 to 4 months between doses
  • 1 month between doses
  • 2 to 6 months between doses (correct)

    • What is the recommended age for the routine annual influenza vaccination?

    <p>≥ 6 months old</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the Shingrix vaccine?

    <p>Stored at room temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long can a person be contagious after the onset of influenza symptoms?

    <p>5-7 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which option correctly identifies a characteristic of the Zostavax vaccine?

    <p>It is a live attenuated vaccine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a contraindication for receiving the influenza vaccine?

    <p>Previous severe allergic reaction to a vaccine component</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be considered when administering the influenza vaccine to children aged 6 months to 8 years?

    <p>Both doses should be administered even if the child turns 9 years old in between.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is NOT associated with influenza?

    <p>Sinus congestion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What safety measure is no longer recommended for egg-allergic persons receiving influenza vaccinations starting in the 2024-2025 season?

    <p>Additional safety measures beyond standard recommendations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What complication can arise from influenza infection?

    <p>Pneumonia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What screening question is relevant for assessing the risk of severe reactions to influenza vaccination?

    <p>Have you had any serious reactions after receiving a vaccination?</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What vaccination should be recommended for a 45-year-old female patient with chronic health conditions who has never received a pneumococcal vaccine?

    <p>Recommend 1 dose of PCV20 today.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pneumococcal vaccine schedule is appropriate for adults aged 65 and older?

    <p>One dose of PPSV23 followed by a dose of PCV20.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the PPSV23 vaccine typically administered?

    <p>Can be given both intramuscularly and subcutaneously.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a recommended vaccination schedule for adults aged 19-64 who have specified immunocompromising conditions?

    <p>PCV20 is recommended as a single-dose vaccine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following vaccinations can be administered subcutaneously?

    <p>Varicella</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition makes a person eligible for the pneumococcal vaccine before the age of 65?

    <p>Having diabetes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age is the PCV20 vaccine recommended as a single dose for individuals?

    <p>Aged between 19 and 64 with specific conditions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which combination of vaccinations is not recommended for adults aged 19 to 64 with chronic health conditions?

    <p>One dose of PCV15 followed by a dose of PCV20.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended timeframe for administering a MenB booster dose after completing the primary series for individuals at increased risk?

    <p>1 year</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For which group is a MenB booster dose recommended every 2-3 years?

    <p>Individuals age 10 years or older with complement deficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vaccination should be administered if a person has completed the MenB primary series and a year has passed during an outbreak?

    <p>MenB one-time booster</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vaccination is specifically recommended for those working in laboratories handling meningococcus bacteria?

    <p>Both MenACWY and MenB</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of administering vaccinations such as Trumenba and Bexsero during meningococcal disease outbreaks?

    <p>To protect at-risk populations specifically from meningococcal serogroup B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following vaccines would NOT typically be recommended for college students during an outbreak of meningococcal disease?

    <p>MenC</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What additional risk factor suggests an individual may require increased meningococcal vaccination, according to public health officials?

    <p>Being a microbiologist</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If Jake, a 23-year-old graduate student, seeks vaccination but has already had MenACWY, what should his vaccination regimen consist of?

    <p>Only MenB is needed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for vaccinating against meningococcal disease?

    <p>To protect against the transmission of Neisseria meningitidis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about the pneumococcal vaccines is correct for an immunocompromised patient like Maria?

    <p>Administering both PCV20 and PPSV23 is recommended with specific timing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is meningococcal disease primarily transmitted?

    <p>Via respiratory secretions and saliva.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended interval between administering PCV20 and PPSV23?

    <p>8 weeks apart.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which meningococcal vaccine is specifically recommended for use in routine immunization schedules?

    <p>Menactra</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of Neisseria meningitidis serotypes relevant in the U.S.?

    <p>Serotypes B, C, and Y cause most disease in the U.S.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why might older vaccines like PPSV23 not be used as the sole vaccine for immunocompromised patients?

    <p>They do not provide enough serotype coverage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mode of administration for meningococcal vaccines?

    <p>Intramuscular injection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    It is the responsibility of the pharmacist to ensure that people receive the age-appropriate ______ product and dosage based on their age.

    <p>vaccine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Novavax adjuvanted protein subunit vaccine protects against the COVID-19 ______ subvariants.

    <p>Omicron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For individuals who are immunocompromised and receiving an additional COVID-19 dose, they should wait at least ______ months between doses.

    <p>2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Pfizer and Moderna are examples of ______ vaccines.

    <p>mRNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Vaccination against pneumococcal disease is important to prevent ______ and other serious infections.

    <p>pneumonia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Maria Gonzalez is currently undergoing treatment with ______.

    <p>methotrexate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The primary mode of transmission for meningococcal disease is ______.

    <p>person-to-person</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Serotypes B, C, and Y of Neisseria meningitidis cause most disease in the ______.

    <p>U.S.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Maria has not received any ______ vaccines in the past.

    <p>pneumococcal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Administering both PCV20 and PPSV23 is recommended for ______ patients.

    <p>immunocompromised</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Vaccines like MenB are recommended during outbreaks of ______ disease.

    <p>meningococcal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Coughing and kissing can spread meningococcal disease through ______.

    <p>saliva</p> Signup and view all the answers

    PCV20 provides sufficient protection against pneumococcal disease for ______ patients.

    <p>immunocompromised</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Pertussis is caused by ______ pertussis.

    <p>Bordetella</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Tetanus is caused by ______ tetani.

    <p>Clostridium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Diphtheria is caused by ______ diphtheriae.

    <p>Corynebacterium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The DTaP vaccine is administered at age ______ and is given as a series.

    <p>11-12</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Infants and children can experience ______, brain damage, or death from pertussis.

    <p>pneumonia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The DTaP/DT vaccine is given via ______ route.

    <p>IM</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The recommended booster for Tetanus, Diphtheria, and Pertussis is every ______ years.

    <p>10</p> Signup and view all the answers

    One of the major symptoms of pertussis is a ______ cough, characterized by uncontrollable fits.

    <p>paroxysmal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flublok is a ______ flu vaccine made without any egg proteins.

    <p>recombinant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flucelvax utilizes ______ cell lines rather than chicken eggs to grow virus strains.

    <p>mammalian</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Individuals aged ______ and older are approved to receive the Fluzone High Dose vaccine.

    <p>65</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The live attenuated flu vaccine can be administered as an ______ spray.

    <p>intranasal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flu-like symptoms such as fatigue and fever are possible after receiving the ______.

    <p>vaccine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Vaccination reduces the severity of the illness and the risk of ______ after flu infection.

    <p>hospitalization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The flu vaccine is a killed (inactivated) vaccine and cannot cause flu ______.

    <p>illness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Patients with a history of egg allergies should consider vaccines like Flublok or ______ instead of traditional egg-based vaccines.

    <p>Flucelvax</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A patient aged 45 with chronic health conditions is eligible for the pneumococcal vaccine called ______.

    <p>PCV20</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The pneumococcal vaccine schedule includes administering PPSV23 and ______ for patients with specific conditions.

    <p>PCV15</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Vaccinations such as MMR and Varicella can be administered ______.

    <p>subcutaneously</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Patients aged 19 to 64 with specified immunocompromising conditions are advised to receive the pneumococcal vaccine known as ______.

    <p>PCV20</p> Signup and view all the answers

    To be vaccinated, a patient with a cochlear implant should be informed about the ______ vaccine schedule.

    <p>pneumococcal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Chronic health conditions are a reason to recommend ______ vaccinations before the age of 65.

    <p>pneumococcal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The two-dose series of PCV20 and PPSV23 is crucial for adults who are ______.

    <p>immunocompromised</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Subcutaneously administered vaccines may include PPSV23, PCV13, and ______.

    <p>DTaP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Immunizations Overview

    • Routine annual influenza vaccination is recommended for all individuals aged 6 months and older without contraindications.
    • Symptoms of influenza appear 1-4 days after exposure, with contagious period starting 1 day prior to symptoms and lasting 5-7 days after.
    • Common symptoms include high fever, cough (often severe), fatigue, headache, and myalgias. Potential complications involve pneumonia and exacerbation of chronic conditions.

    Influenza Vaccines 2024-25 Season

    • Two doses are required for children aged 6 months to 8 years under specific circumstances.
    • Individuals with a history of egg allergies can receive any licensed influenza vaccine, with no additional safety measures needed starting 2024-2025.
    • Severe allergic reactions to vaccines or their components are contraindications for future vaccinations.

    Pneumococcal Vaccination Guidelines

    • Recommendations for a 45-year-old female with chronic health conditions include administering a dose of PCV20.
    • For immunocompromised patients, both PCV20 and PPSV23 are administered, with PCV20 given first followed by PPSV23 after 8 weeks.

    Meningococcal Disease

    • Meningococcal disease is caused by Neisseria meningitidis, typically transmitted through respiratory secretions and crowded living conditions.
    • Vaccines available include Menactra, Menveo, MenQuadfi, Trumenba, and Bexsero, with administration depending on the patient’s risk of exposure.

    Meningococcal Vaccination Recommendations

    • In an outbreak, recommendations include vaccinations such as Trumenba, Menveo, Bexsero, and Menactra.
    • For laboratory workers handling meningococcus bacteria, both MenACWY and MenB vaccines are recommended.

    Zoster Vaccination

    • Zostavax is not recommended for further doses; one dose provides sufficient coverage, but Shingrix is required for full vaccination.
    • Shingrix requires a two-dose series, with the second dose given 2-6 months after the first.

    Practice Questions Insights

    • Understanding patient vaccination history and current health conditions is essential in making suitable vaccine recommendations.
    • Administration routes for vaccines may vary, typical preference being subcutaneous or intramuscular as per vaccine guidelines.
    • Shingrix is FDA-approved for adults ≥60 years old, and proper vaccine storage conditions must be maintained.

    Vaccine Administration Responsibilities

    • Pharmacists must ensure correct age-appropriate vaccine products and dosages based on the patient's age at the time of vaccination.
    • Vaccination must follow recommended intervals specific to each age group and their health status.

    COVID-19 Vaccines

    • mRNA COVID-19 vaccines: Pfizer (COMIRNATY®) and Moderna (SPIKEVAX®).
    • Novavax is an adjuvanted protein subunit vaccine effective against COVID-19 Omicron subvariants.
    • Immunocompromised patients should wait at least 2 months between additional COVID-19 vaccine doses.

    Pneumococcal Disease and Vaccination

    • Pneumococcal disease is caused by bacteria that can lead to severe infections; vaccination is essential for prevention.
    • Available pneumococcal vaccines include PCV20, PPSV23, and PCV15.
    • Dosing schedules vary based on age and health conditions, especially for those aged 19-64 with specific immunocompromising factors.

    Influenza Vaccine Details

    • Flublok (Recombinant HA) and Flucelvax (Cell culture-based) are flu vaccines made without egg proteins.
    • Flucelvax uses canine kidney cells for virus cultivation; Flublok uses a baculovirus to produce the HA antigen.
    • High-dose flu vaccine (Fluzone High Dose) is designed for adults aged 65 and older to boost immune response.
    • The live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV4) is administered intranasally and is approved for individuals aged 2-49.

    Flu Vaccine Counseling Points

    • Inactivated flu vaccines cannot cause influenza, while the live vaccine is made with weakened viruses.
    • Immunity develops approximately two weeks post-vaccination.
    • Vaccination lowers illness severity and reduces hospitalization risk.
    • Healthy adults receiving the flu vaccine can help protect vulnerable populations.

    Pneumococcal Vaccine Recommendations

    • For a 45-year-old with chronic health conditions, PCV20 may be recommended.
    • Specific recommendations depend on existing health conditions and whether prior vaccinations have occurred.

    Meningococcal Disease

    • Caused by Neisseria meningitidis, primarily transmitted through saliva and respiratory secretions in crowded living conditions.
    • Five vaccines for meningococcal disease: Menactra, Menveo, MenQuadfi, Trumenba, and Bexsero.

    Tetanus, Diphtheria, and Pertussis

    • Tetanus is caused by Clostridium tetani, and its complications can lead to difficulty breathing and death.
    • Diphtheria and pertussis are highly contagious, with symptoms including severe coughing fits and potential respiratory failure.
    • Vaccines include DTaP/DT, administered intramuscularly, with schedules recommending boosters every 10 years or sooner depending on specific scenarios.

    CDC Recommendations for Vaccination

    • Vaccine dosing recommendations vary by age group and health status, ensuring tailored protection against preventable diseases.

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    PPP Fall 2024 Review Session Slides (1) PDF

    Description

    Prepare for the Rho Chi Pharmacy Review Session focused on essential immunizations and vaccinations. Topics include Influenza, COVID-19, Pneumococcal disease, and more. Review important patient care processes related to these diseases and vaccines.

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