Pharmacy Practice and Professionalism Review

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Questions and Answers

What vaccination is recommended for a 67-year-old male who received one dose of Zostavax 2 years ago?

Patient needs a two dose series of Shingrix - 1 dose today and 1 dose in two to six months (correct)

Patient needs one dose of Shingrix to be considered fully vaccinated against herpes zoster

BL doesn’t require further vaccination against herpes zoster since he had Zostavax

BL requires a second dose of Zostavax

Which statement is true regarding the Shingrix vaccine for a 55-year-old immunocompetent adult?

Shingrix is contraindicated in pregnancy

The vaccine should be stored at -20°C

It is FDA-approved for adults ≥60 years old (correct)

The recommended dosing schedule is 0 and 1 month

What is the dosing interval for the two-dose series of Shingrix?

2 to 3 months between doses

3 to 4 months between doses

1 month between doses

2 to 6 months between doses (correct)

What is the recommended age for the routine annual influenza vaccination?

≥ 6 months old Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the Shingrix vaccine?

Stored at room temperature Signup and view all the answers

How long can a person be contagious after the onset of influenza symptoms?

5-7 days Signup and view all the answers

Which option correctly identifies a characteristic of the Zostavax vaccine?

It is a live attenuated vaccine Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a contraindication for receiving the influenza vaccine?

Previous severe allergic reaction to a vaccine component Signup and view all the answers

What should be considered when administering the influenza vaccine to children aged 6 months to 8 years?

Both doses should be administered even if the child turns 9 years old in between. Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is NOT associated with influenza?

Sinus congestion Signup and view all the answers

What safety measure is no longer recommended for egg-allergic persons receiving influenza vaccinations starting in the 2024-2025 season?

Additional safety measures beyond standard recommendations Signup and view all the answers

What complication can arise from influenza infection?

Pneumonia Signup and view all the answers

What screening question is relevant for assessing the risk of severe reactions to influenza vaccination?

Have you had any serious reactions after receiving a vaccination? Signup and view all the answers

What vaccination should be recommended for a 45-year-old female patient with chronic health conditions who has never received a pneumococcal vaccine?

Recommend 1 dose of PCV20 today. Signup and view all the answers

Which pneumococcal vaccine schedule is appropriate for adults aged 65 and older?

One dose of PPSV23 followed by a dose of PCV20. Signup and view all the answers

How is the PPSV23 vaccine typically administered?

Can be given both intramuscularly and subcutaneously. Signup and view all the answers

What is a recommended vaccination schedule for adults aged 19-64 who have specified immunocompromising conditions?

PCV20 is recommended as a single-dose vaccine. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following vaccinations can be administered subcutaneously?

Varicella Signup and view all the answers

What condition makes a person eligible for the pneumococcal vaccine before the age of 65?

Having diabetes. Signup and view all the answers

At what age is the PCV20 vaccine recommended as a single dose for individuals?

Aged between 19 and 64 with specific conditions. Signup and view all the answers

Which combination of vaccinations is not recommended for adults aged 19 to 64 with chronic health conditions?

One dose of PCV15 followed by a dose of PCV20. Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended timeframe for administering a MenB booster dose after completing the primary series for individuals at increased risk?

1 year Signup and view all the answers

For which group is a MenB booster dose recommended every 2-3 years?

Individuals age 10 years or older with complement deficiency Signup and view all the answers

Which vaccination should be administered if a person has completed the MenB primary series and a year has passed during an outbreak?

MenB one-time booster Signup and view all the answers

Which vaccination is specifically recommended for those working in laboratories handling meningococcus bacteria?

Both MenACWY and MenB Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of administering vaccinations such as Trumenba and Bexsero during meningococcal disease outbreaks?

To protect at-risk populations specifically from meningococcal serogroup B Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following vaccines would NOT typically be recommended for college students during an outbreak of meningococcal disease?

MenC Signup and view all the answers

What additional risk factor suggests an individual may require increased meningococcal vaccination, according to public health officials?

Being a microbiologist Signup and view all the answers

If Jake, a 23-year-old graduate student, seeks vaccination but has already had MenACWY, what should his vaccination regimen consist of?

Only MenB is needed Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for vaccinating against meningococcal disease?

To protect against the transmission of Neisseria meningitidis. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about the pneumococcal vaccines is correct for an immunocompromised patient like Maria?

Administering both PCV20 and PPSV23 is recommended with specific timing. Signup and view all the answers

How is meningococcal disease primarily transmitted?

Via respiratory secretions and saliva. Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended interval between administering PCV20 and PPSV23?

8 weeks apart. Signup and view all the answers

Which meningococcal vaccine is specifically recommended for use in routine immunization schedules?

Menactra Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of Neisseria meningitidis serotypes relevant in the U.S.?

Serotypes B, C, and Y cause most disease in the U.S. Signup and view all the answers

Why might older vaccines like PPSV23 not be used as the sole vaccine for immunocompromised patients?

They do not provide enough serotype coverage. Signup and view all the answers

What is the mode of administration for meningococcal vaccines?

Intramuscular injection. Signup and view all the answers

It is the responsibility of the pharmacist to ensure that people receive the age-appropriate ______ product and dosage based on their age.

vaccine Signup and view all the answers

The Novavax adjuvanted protein subunit vaccine protects against the COVID-19 ______ subvariants.

Omicron Signup and view all the answers

For individuals who are immunocompromised and receiving an additional COVID-19 dose, they should wait at least ______ months between doses.

2 Signup and view all the answers

Pfizer and Moderna are examples of ______ vaccines.

mRNA Signup and view all the answers

Vaccination against pneumococcal disease is important to prevent ______ and other serious infections.

pneumonia Signup and view all the answers

Maria Gonzalez is currently undergoing treatment with ______.

methotrexate Signup and view all the answers

The primary mode of transmission for meningococcal disease is ______.

person-to-person Signup and view all the answers

Serotypes B, C, and Y of Neisseria meningitidis cause most disease in the ______.

U.S. Signup and view all the answers

Maria has not received any ______ vaccines in the past.

pneumococcal Signup and view all the answers

Administering both PCV20 and PPSV23 is recommended for ______ patients.

immunocompromised Signup and view all the answers

Vaccines like MenB are recommended during outbreaks of ______ disease.

meningococcal Signup and view all the answers

Coughing and kissing can spread meningococcal disease through ______.

saliva Signup and view all the answers

PCV20 provides sufficient protection against pneumococcal disease for ______ patients.

immunocompromised Signup and view all the answers

Pertussis is caused by ______ pertussis.

Bordetella Signup and view all the answers

Tetanus is caused by ______ tetani.

Clostridium Signup and view all the answers

Diphtheria is caused by ______ diphtheriae.

Corynebacterium Signup and view all the answers

The DTaP vaccine is administered at age ______ and is given as a series.

11-12 Signup and view all the answers

Infants and children can experience ______, brain damage, or death from pertussis.

pneumonia Signup and view all the answers

The DTaP/DT vaccine is given via ______ route.

IM Signup and view all the answers

The recommended booster for Tetanus, Diphtheria, and Pertussis is every ______ years.

10 Signup and view all the answers

One of the major symptoms of pertussis is a ______ cough, characterized by uncontrollable fits.

paroxysmal Signup and view all the answers

Flublok is a ______ flu vaccine made without any egg proteins.

recombinant Signup and view all the answers

Flucelvax utilizes ______ cell lines rather than chicken eggs to grow virus strains.

mammalian Signup and view all the answers

Individuals aged ______ and older are approved to receive the Fluzone High Dose vaccine.

65 Signup and view all the answers

The live attenuated flu vaccine can be administered as an ______ spray.

intranasal Signup and view all the answers

Flu-like symptoms such as fatigue and fever are possible after receiving the ______.

vaccine Signup and view all the answers

Vaccination reduces the severity of the illness and the risk of ______ after flu infection.

hospitalization Signup and view all the answers

The flu vaccine is a killed (inactivated) vaccine and cannot cause flu ______.

illness Signup and view all the answers

Patients with a history of egg allergies should consider vaccines like Flublok or ______ instead of traditional egg-based vaccines.

Flucelvax Signup and view all the answers

A patient aged 45 with chronic health conditions is eligible for the pneumococcal vaccine called ______.

PCV20 Signup and view all the answers

The pneumococcal vaccine schedule includes administering PPSV23 and ______ for patients with specific conditions.

PCV15 Signup and view all the answers

Vaccinations such as MMR and Varicella can be administered ______.

subcutaneously Signup and view all the answers

Patients aged 19 to 64 with specified immunocompromising conditions are advised to receive the pneumococcal vaccine known as ______.

PCV20 Signup and view all the answers

To be vaccinated, a patient with a cochlear implant should be informed about the ______ vaccine schedule.

pneumococcal Signup and view all the answers

Chronic health conditions are a reason to recommend ______ vaccinations before the age of 65.

pneumococcal Signup and view all the answers

The two-dose series of PCV20 and PPSV23 is crucial for adults who are ______.

immunocompromised Signup and view all the answers

Subcutaneously administered vaccines may include PPSV23, PCV13, and ______.

DTaP Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Immunizations Overview

Routine annual influenza vaccination is recommended for all individuals aged 6 months and older without contraindications.
Symptoms of influenza appear 1-4 days after exposure, with contagious period starting 1 day prior to symptoms and lasting 5-7 days after.
Common symptoms include high fever, cough (often severe), fatigue, headache, and myalgias. Potential complications involve pneumonia and exacerbation of chronic conditions.

Influenza Vaccines 2024-25 Season

Two doses are required for children aged 6 months to 8 years under specific circumstances.
Individuals with a history of egg allergies can receive any licensed influenza vaccine, with no additional safety measures needed starting 2024-2025.
Severe allergic reactions to vaccines or their components are contraindications for future vaccinations.

Pneumococcal Vaccination Guidelines

Recommendations for a 45-year-old female with chronic health conditions include administering a dose of PCV20.
For immunocompromised patients, both PCV20 and PPSV23 are administered, with PCV20 given first followed by PPSV23 after 8 weeks.

Meningococcal Disease

Meningococcal disease is caused by Neisseria meningitidis, typically transmitted through respiratory secretions and crowded living conditions.
Vaccines available include Menactra, Menveo, MenQuadfi, Trumenba, and Bexsero, with administration depending on the patient’s risk of exposure.

Meningococcal Vaccination Recommendations

In an outbreak, recommendations include vaccinations such as Trumenba, Menveo, Bexsero, and Menactra.
For laboratory workers handling meningococcus bacteria, both MenACWY and MenB vaccines are recommended.

Zoster Vaccination

Zostavax is not recommended for further doses; one dose provides sufficient coverage, but Shingrix is required for full vaccination.
Shingrix requires a two-dose series, with the second dose given 2-6 months after the first.

Practice Questions Insights

Understanding patient vaccination history and current health conditions is essential in making suitable vaccine recommendations.
Administration routes for vaccines may vary, typical preference being subcutaneous or intramuscular as per vaccine guidelines.
Shingrix is FDA-approved for adults ≥60 years old, and proper vaccine storage conditions must be maintained.

Vaccine Administration Responsibilities

Pharmacists must ensure correct age-appropriate vaccine products and dosages based on the patient's age at the time of vaccination.
Vaccination must follow recommended intervals specific to each age group and their health status.

COVID-19 Vaccines

mRNA COVID-19 vaccines: Pfizer (COMIRNATY®) and Moderna (SPIKEVAX®).
Novavax is an adjuvanted protein subunit vaccine effective against COVID-19 Omicron subvariants.
Immunocompromised patients should wait at least 2 months between additional COVID-19 vaccine doses.

Pneumococcal Disease and Vaccination

Pneumococcal disease is caused by bacteria that can lead to severe infections; vaccination is essential for prevention.
Available pneumococcal vaccines include PCV20, PPSV23, and PCV15.
Dosing schedules vary based on age and health conditions, especially for those aged 19-64 with specific immunocompromising factors.

Influenza Vaccine Details

Flublok (Recombinant HA) and Flucelvax (Cell culture-based) are flu vaccines made without egg proteins.
Flucelvax uses canine kidney cells for virus cultivation; Flublok uses a baculovirus to produce the HA antigen.
High-dose flu vaccine (Fluzone High Dose) is designed for adults aged 65 and older to boost immune response.
The live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV4) is administered intranasally and is approved for individuals aged 2-49.

Flu Vaccine Counseling Points

Inactivated flu vaccines cannot cause influenza, while the live vaccine is made with weakened viruses.
Immunity develops approximately two weeks post-vaccination.
Vaccination lowers illness severity and reduces hospitalization risk.
Healthy adults receiving the flu vaccine can help protect vulnerable populations.

Pneumococcal Vaccine Recommendations

For a 45-year-old with chronic health conditions, PCV20 may be recommended.
Specific recommendations depend on existing health conditions and whether prior vaccinations have occurred.

Meningococcal Disease

Caused by Neisseria meningitidis, primarily transmitted through saliva and respiratory secretions in crowded living conditions.
Five vaccines for meningococcal disease: Menactra, Menveo, MenQuadfi, Trumenba, and Bexsero.

Tetanus, Diphtheria, and Pertussis

Tetanus is caused by Clostridium tetani, and its complications can lead to difficulty breathing and death.
Diphtheria and pertussis are highly contagious, with symptoms including severe coughing fits and potential respiratory failure.
Vaccines include DTaP/DT, administered intramuscularly, with schedules recommending boosters every 10 years or sooner depending on specific scenarios.

CDC Recommendations for Vaccination

Vaccine dosing recommendations vary by age group and health status, ensuring tailored protection against preventable diseases.

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Description

Prepare for the Rho Chi Pharmacy Review Session focused on essential immunizations and vaccinations. Topics include Influenza, COVID-19, Pneumococcal disease, and more. Review important patient care processes related to these diseases and vaccines.