Immune System Overview Quiz

<p>Macrophages (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Kill infected cells directly. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By providing precise information about pathogens to helper T cells. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Injury or infection allows pathogens to enter. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Skin and mucous membranes. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To eliminate dead cells and stimulate healing (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By creating immune memory (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pathogens influence natural selection more directly (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They kill cells infected by viruses (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It involves white blood cell activity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inflammation focuses on the infected area (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Granulocytes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Eliminating dead cells and maintaining tissue homeostasis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Adaptive immunity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To kill infected cells directly (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A lag phase before antibodies are produced (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It shows a rapid response due to previous exposure. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They help activate T cells. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A substance that activates the immune system. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It reacts more quickly but is less specific. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cytokines increase in concentration in response to both primary and secondary exposures. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>There is a rapid increase in antibody production. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The adaptive immune response involves specific antibodies and T cells. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The response develops over 7-14 days and activates antibodies and T cells. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It allows for rapid and intense responses to reinfections, often preventing symptoms. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>14-35 days after initial exposure. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Phagocytosis is specialized for defense and involves large solid particles. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>NK cells kill infected cells in response to cellular stress signals. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cytokines limit viral replication and activate other immune mechanisms. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rapidly crossing blood vessels to infected areas. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dendritic cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By releasing cytotoxic enzymes to damage them. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Basophils (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They die quickly and must be replenished. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Capturing and breaking down microorganisms. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To facilitate a rapid response upon re-exposure to the same pathogen (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They mediate inflammation and allergic reactions. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inoculation with cowpox could protect against smallpox (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Both B and C (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Active vaccination stimulates the immune system to produce its own memory cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It provides short-term protection without creating immune memory (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Developing the serotherapy technique using specific antibodies (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Long-lasting immunity through the production of memory cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Passive vaccination (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

They are part of the immune system's first line of defense, acting as a physical barrier to prevent pathogens from entering the body.

These cells patrol tissues and engulf pathogens, acting like tiny vacuum cleaners.

This is the body's immediate response to injury or infection, characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain.

They are specialized white blood cells that recognize and target specific pathogens, forming the body's third line of defense.

These lymphocytes produce antibodies, which bind to pathogens and neutralize them.

These lymphocytes directly kill cells infected with viruses.

These cells act as messengers that alert the immune system about the presence of pathogens.

These cells coordinate the immune response, activating other immune cells to fight the infection.

The ability of the immune system to recognize and destroy pathogens without harming the body's own tissues.

The body's first line of defense against pathogens, consisting of physical barriers like skin, tears, and eyelashes.

White blood cells specialized in engulfing and destroying pathogens, often acting as part of the body's second line of defense.

A key component of the immune system, working by recognizing and eliminating cells infected with viruses.

A crucial function of the immune system that involves remembering past encounters with pathogens, allowing for faster and more efficient responses upon subsequent exposures.

The body's ability to resist future illnesses after experiencing a specific disease, due to the immune system's memory.

Microscopic organisms that cause disease, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi.

A type of endocytosis used by cells to engulf large solid particles, like bacteria or debris, into the cell.

White blood cells that quickly migrate to sites of infection and engulf pathogens.

A white blood cell that releases toxins outside the cell to kill pathogens.

A type of granulocyte that targets multicellular parasites.

A type of granulocyte involved in inflammation and allergic reactions.

Immune cells that reside in tissues and release inflammatory mediators.

A physician who was a pioneer in the development of vaccines. He discovered that cowpox infection provided protection against smallpox, a much more serious disease.

A microbiologist who made key contributions to understanding disease causation and vaccine development. He developed the first vaccine against rabies.

Refers to the use of specific antibodies from a previously immunized individual or animal. This provides short-term protection against a pathogen.

A type of vaccination that involves introducing a weakened or killed pathogen or toxin into the body, stimulating the immune system to develop its own antibodies and memory cells.

A type of vaccination that introduces ready-made antibodies from another source, providing immediate but short-lived protection.

Involves using weakened pathogens or parts of pathogens to stimulate the immune system. This results in long-lasting immunity.

Using dead bacteria or viruses to trigger an immune response without causing disease.

A type of lymphocyte that directly kills infected cells without needing another cell to 'direct' it.

A component of the immune system that provides a rapid, but non-specific response to infection. It includes neutrophils, macrophages, and NK cells.

A specialized immune response that is activated by innate immunity and characterized by a slower but more targeted response to specific pathogens.

A substance that activates the immune system. It can be a protein, carbohydrate, or even a small molecule.

The initial exposure to an antigen, characterized by a slow and weaker response, as the immune system takes time to mount an adequate response.

The rapid and strong immune response following a second exposure to the same antigen, due to 'immune memory' from the primary exposure.

The body's first line of defense against pathogens, acting as a physical barrier to prevent them from entering the body.

The ability of the adaptive immune system to remember pathogens it has encountered before, allowing for a faster and stronger response on subsequent encounters.

Small signaling molecules released by cells to communicate with each other and coordinate the immune response. They act like messengers directing the immune system.

A measure of the concentration of a virus in the blood, representing its ability to infect.