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Immune System Non-Specific Defenses Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What are the four hallmark symptoms of the inflammatory response?

Redness, heat, swelling, and fever
Redness, heat, pain, and chills
Redness, heat, swelling, and pain (correct)
Swelling, pain, fever, and fatigue

What is the role of macrophages in the inflammatory response?

Macrophages produce pyrogens that stimulate the hypothalamus to cause fever.
Macrophages release histamine to dilate blood vessels during inflammation.
Macrophages release complement proteins to amplify the inflammatory response.
Macrophages trap and destroy bacteria during the inflammatory response. (correct)

How do complement proteins contribute to the inflammatory response?

Complement proteins inhibit viral replication in uninfected cells, preventing spread.
Complement proteins form a membrane attack complex that lyses bacterial and viral cells.
Complement proteins stimulate the hypothalamus to produce a fever, inhibiting microbes.
Complement proteins bind to mast cells to release histamine, amplifying the response. (correct)

What is the purpose of the fever response during an inflammatory reaction?

Fever increases the metabolic rate of cells to promote healing. (D) Signup and view all the answers

How do interferons contribute to the body's immune defenses?

Interferons bind to receptors on infected cells, inhibiting viral replication. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the inflammatory response in the body's immune defenses?

The inflammatory response increases blood flow to an area, bringing more white blood cells to fight infection. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of helper T cells?

Phagocytizing pathogens (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) in T cell activation?

They engulf and break down antigens, presenting them on their surface with MHC proteins (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of MHC (or HLA in humans) proteins in T cell activation?

They present processed antigens on the cell surface for T cell recognition (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of clonal expansion in T cell activation?

To rapidly increase the number of T cells specific to the recognized antigen (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of T cell produced during clonal expansion?

Plasma cells (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of helper T cells?

To secrete cytokines that help many immune cells function (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary method by which cytotoxic T cells kill target cells?

Releasing granzymes and perforins into the target cell (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of immunity is usually long-lasting and depends on memory B and T cells?

Active immunity (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of vaccines?

To provide long-lasting active immunity when administered to healthy people (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between primary and secondary exposure to an antigen in terms of the immune response?

Primary exposure is shorter-lived and slower to respond, while secondary exposure is a rapid, strong response (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of interferons?

To inhibit viral replication and stimulate the immune response (C) Signup and view all the answers

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