Podcast
Questions and Answers
What are the two types of immune defenses?
What are the two types of immune defenses?
Innate immunity and adaptive immunity
The first line of defense includes __________.
The first line of defense includes __________.
unbroken skin and mucous membranes
Adaptive immunity responds rapidly to pathogens.
Adaptive immunity responds rapidly to pathogens.
False
Which of the following is a component of innate immunity?
Which of the following is a component of innate immunity?
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What type of cell is mainly involved in phagocytosis?
What type of cell is mainly involved in phagocytosis?
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What do B cells differentiate into?
What do B cells differentiate into?
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The principal component of humoral immunity is __________.
The principal component of humoral immunity is __________.
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Cell-mediated immunity is primarily mediated by which type of cell?
Cell-mediated immunity is primarily mediated by which type of cell?
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What is the function of cytokines in innate immunity?
What is the function of cytokines in innate immunity?
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Study Notes
Immune Response
- Defends the body against: bacteria, viruses, abnormal cells (cancer cells), and other foreign substances
Review of Body Defenses
- First line of defense: nonspecific, mechanical barrier, unbroken skin and mucous membranes, secretions such as tears and gastric juices
- Second line of defense: nonspecific, phagocytosis (neutrophils), inflammation (monocytes)
- Third line of defense: specific defense, production of specific antibodies or cell-mediated immunity
Defense Mechanisms in the Body
- Innate and Adaptive Immunity are two types of immune defenses
Innate Immunity
- Defenses in place before infection
- Responds rapidly
- Responds only to microbes
- Major Components: epithelial barriers, phagocytic cells, natural killer cells, cell messengers (cytokines)
Adaptive Immunity
- Immunity acquired through previous exposure
- Can recognize and react to a large number of microbes and nonmicrobial substances
- Components: white blood cells (T and B lymphocytes)
- Types of Adaptive Responses: Humoral and Cell-mediated immunity
Humoral Immunity
- Mediated by B lymphocytes (B cells)
- Primary defense against extracellular antigens and their toxins
- B cells differentiate into antibody-secreting plasma cells
- Circulating antibodies destroy microbes in blood or mucosal surfaces
Cell-mediated Immunity
- Mediated by cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (T cells)
- Functions to eliminate intracellular pathogens (e.g., viruses)
- T cells recognize viral peptides on infected cells and signal their destruction
- T lymphocyte cell:
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Description
Test your knowledge on the immune response and body defenses. This quiz covers the first, second, and third lines of defense, including innate and adaptive immunity. Explore how the body identifies and responds to various pathogens and abnormalities.
