Immune Response and MHC Overview
40 Questions
9 Views

Immune Response and MHC Overview

Created by
@InterestingPlatinum

Podcast Beta

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the primary role of IgE in the immune response?

  • To facilitate fluid balance in the body
  • To increase the flexibility of immune cells
  • To enhance the activity of phagocytes
  • To promote inflammation and kill parasites (correct)

    • Which components are associated with IgG?

  • Mast cells and histamines
  • Epithelial cells and parasites
  • B cells and cytokines
  • Body fluids and phagocytes (correct)

    • What unique structural characteristic is attributed to IgG?

  • It forms large aggregates
  • It is highly flexible (correct)
  • It has a rigid structure
  • It is monomeric only

    • Which immune cells are primarily associated with the activity of IgG?

    <p>Macrophages and neutrophils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which setting is IgE primarily active?

    <p>In allergic reactions and parasitic infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the initial process by which B-cell precursors acquire antigen receptors?

    <p>Gene rearrangements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of negative selection in B-cell development?

    <p>To prevent B-cells from responding to normal molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase follows the gene rearrangement in B-cell development?

    <p>Maturation in bone marrow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do plasma cells primarily produce?

    <p>Antibodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes the differentiation process during B-cell maturation?

    <p>Diversification within clones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process involves capturing bacteria or viruses through receptor-mediated endocytosis?

    <p>Antigen processing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which area of the lymph node do naive T-cells encounter antigens?

    <p>T-cell zone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of naive T-cells binding to peptide-MHC complexes?

    <p>To be activated and selected to stay in the lymph node</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does macropinocytosis involve?

    <p>Endocytosis of larger volumes of unrecognized pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do naive T-cells increase their chances of encountering antigens in lymph nodes?

    <p>By homing to draining lymph nodes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What mechanism allows T-cells to identify and bind to specific antigens?

    <p>X-TCR probe peptide interactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs after a T-cell successfully binds to an antigen?

    <p>The T-cell is selected to remain and become activated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do lysosomes play in antigen processing?

    <p>Degrade captured pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of Th1 cells in the immune response?

    <p>Activate macrophages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of T-helper cell is primarily involved in the response to parasites?

    <p>Th2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can CD8 T-cells be activated if they encounter insufficient co-stimulation?

    <p>With help from cytokines secreted by CD4 T-cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two types of effector proteins produced by activated T-cells?

    <p>Cytokines and CytotoXMs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What mechanism is primarily responsible for the regulation of gene expression following cytokine signaling?

    <p>Phosphorylation of STAT proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which T-helper cell plays a role in regulating the activity of other T-cells?

    <p>Treg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of JAKs in cytokine signaling?

    <p>Phosphorylate receptors and activate STAT</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about CD8 T-cell activation is correct?

    <p>It can be boosted by signals from Th1 cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of MHC Class I molecules?

    <p>To present intracellular antigens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are CD4 cells primarily associated with?

    <p>Secreting cytokines and activating macrophages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the location of peptide generation for MHC Class II?

    <p>In lysosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes MHC Class I from MHC Class II in terms of peptide binding?

    <p>MHC Class I binds shorter peptides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells express MHC Class I molecules?

    <p>All nucleated cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does MHC Class II interact with T cells?

    <p>It interacts with CD4 proteins on T cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of proteasomes in antigen processing?

    <p>They generate peptides for MHC Class I</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common characteristic of both MHC Class I and Class II molecules?

    <p>They share similar peptide binding structures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of ubiquitin in protein degradation?

    <p>It marks damaged proteins for degradation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which T cell type is associated with MHC Class I?

    <p>CD8+ cytotoxic T cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is crucial for delivering peptides to MHC molecules?

    <p>TAP protein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary immune function of MHC Class II molecules?

    <p>Presenting extracellular antigens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The binding specificity of MHC molecules is best described as:

    <p>Promiscuous with versatility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of helper T cells activated by MHC Class II?

    <p>Assist in activating other immune cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Immune Response and MHC

    • Adaptive Immune Response is activated by the presence of antigens.
    • Antigen Processing involves degrading pathogenic proteins into peptides.
    • Antigen Presentation involves delivering peptide MHC complexes to the cell surface.
    • MHC Class I presents intracellular antigens, degraded in the cytosol, expressed by nucleated cells.
    • MHC Class II presents extracellular antigens, degraded in lysosomes, expressed by antigen-presenting cells.
    • MHC Class I & II have similar structures - MHC fold, including peptide binding sites and domains that bind CD8/CD4.
    • MHC Class I binds to shorter peptides and has promiscuous binding specificity.
    • MHC Class I binds to peptides in the proteasome, while MHC Class II binds in lysosomes.
    • Proteasomes generate peptides for MHC Class I, while Ubiquitin marks damaged proteins for degradation.

    B Cell Development

    • B-cell precursors in bone marrow acquire antigen receptors through Ig rearrangements.
    • Negative selection prevents mature B cells with receptors that bind normal molecules.
    • Positive selection allows immature B cells to compete for follicles in secondary lymphoid tissues.
    • Mature B cells circulate between lymph, blood, and secondary lymphoid tissues.

    B Cell Activation

    • B cells are activated by antigen proliferation and differentiation.
    • Plasma cells secrete antibodies.
    • Memory B cells provide long-term immunity.

    T Cell Development

    • Naive T cells encounter antigen presented by dendritic cells (DCs) in the T cell zone of lymph nodes.
    • Naive T cells enter lymph nodes through the afferent lymph or blood.
    • T cell receptors (TCR) on naive T cells bind to peptide:MHC complexes on DCs.
    • Homing of naive T cells to draining lymph nodes increases chances of meeting antigen.
    • Th1 cells activate macrophages.
    • Th2 cells activate responses to parasites.
    • Th17 cells stimulate neutrophil responses.
    • TFH cells activate B cells.
    • Treg cells suppress other immune responses.

    CD8 T Cell Activation

    • Activation of naive CD8 T cells requires stronger signals than CD4 T cell activation.
    • CD8 T cells can be directly activated by a virus-infected DC.
    • CD8 T cell activation can be enhanced by IL-2 secreted by CD4 T cells.

    Effector Proteins

    • Effector proteins are made by effector cells and delivered to target cells via synapses.
    • Effector proteins include cytokines, which alter target cell behavior, and cytotoxins, which kill target cells.
    • Cytokines bind to cytokine receptors, transducing signals to regulate gene expression.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    Immunology Exam 1 Review PDF

    Description

    This quiz covers the essentials of the immune response, focusing specifically on Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) classes I and II. It explores antigen processing and presentation, along with the roles of B cell development in the adaptive immune response. Test your knowledge on these vital concepts in immunology.

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser