Immune Response and Inflammation Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the function of lysosomes in the immune system?

  • To aid in blood clotting
  • To kill foreign substances (correct)
  • To regulate body temperature
  • To produce antibodies

    • Which reflex is triggered to remove pathogens from the lower respiratory tract?

  • Coughing (correct)
  • Sneezing
  • Emesis (vomiting)
  • Defecation

    • What is the main function of neutrophils in the immune system?

  • Regulation of body temperature
  • Production of antibodies
  • Phagocytosis (correct)
  • Initiation of fever response

    • Which type of immunity is cell-mediated and involves T cells?

    <p>Specific immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers the increase in body temperature known as fever in response to infectious agents?

    <p>Exposure of phagocytes to infectious agents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells act non-specifically to kill many microorganisms and cancer cells?

    <p>Natural Killer cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of macrophages in the immune system?

    <p>Phagocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a mechanical barrier in the first line of defense of the immune system?

    <p>Intact skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of immunity involves the production of antibodies by B cells?

    <p>Humoral immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of natural killer (NK) cells in the immune system?

    <p>Killing microorganisms and cancer cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of immunity involves ready-made antibodies?

    <p>Passive immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is artificially acquired active immunity achieved?

    <p>By using weakened or killed organisms or toxins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition involves the body attacking its own cells?

    <p>Autoimmunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is RhoGAM administered for?

    <p>To prevent RH incompatibility issues during pregnancy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which therapy can help in reducing allergic reactions over time?

    <p>Desensitization therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens in anaphylactic shock?

    <p>Arterial dilation and increased capillary permeability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does chemotherapy affect the immune system?

    <p>Leaves the patient susceptible to opportunistic infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of innate immunity?

    <p>Present at birth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of immunity involves contact with the disease?

    <p>Artificially acquired active immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of epinephrine in treating anaphylactic shock?

    <p>Dilating the airway and constricting blood vessels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of fever in the immune response?

    <p>Stimulate phagocytes and increase metabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the clinical signs of infection?

    <p>Increase in white blood cells, fever, anorexia, malaise, and purulent exudate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the lymphatic system in immune function?

    <p>It plays a crucial role in immune function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the aim of inflammation?

    <p>Localize infection, neutralize toxins, and repair damaged tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers an immune response?

    <p>Antigens such as bacteria and viruses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the third line of immune defense?

    <p>T-cells and B-cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of interleukins in the immune system?

    <p>Stimulate the immune system and activate different types of T-cells and B-cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the characteristics of inflammation?

    <p>Heat, redness, swelling, and pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key factor in the chain of infection?

    <p>Virulence of a pathogen and the dose of exposure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are T-cells and B-cells produced?

    <p>Bone marrow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of fever in the immune response?

    <p>Stimulates phagocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key function of the lymphatic system in immune function?

    <p>Transporting immune cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main aim of inflammation?

    <p>Localize infection and repair damaged tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers an immune response?

    <p>Antigens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of B-cells and T-cells in the immune response?

    <p>Activating different types of immune cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the clinical signs of infection?

    <p>Increase in white blood cells and fever</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of interleukins in the immune system?

    <p>Stimulate the immune system and activate different types of immune cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of natural killer (NK) cells in the immune system?

    <p>Killing many microorganisms and cancer cells non-specifically</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of antigens in triggering an immune response?

    <p>Trigger the immune response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers the increase in body temperature known as fever in response to infectious agents?

    <p>Exposure of phagocytes to infectious agents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which reflex is triggered to remove pathogens from the lower respiratory tract?

    <p>Coughing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of phagocytes in the immune response?

    <p>Engulf and destroy pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of histamines in the inflammatory response?

    <p>Increase inflammation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of macrophages in the immune system?

    <p>Phagocytosis and antigen presentation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of lysosomes in the immune system?

    <p>Killing foreign substances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of immunity involves receiving antibodies from an external source, without developing memory cells?

    <p>Artificially acquired passive immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the aim of inflammation?

    <p>To contain and eliminate pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is RhoGAM administered to prevent?

    <p>RH incompatibility issues during pregnancy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of innate immunity?

    <p>Non-specific response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which therapy can help in reducing allergic reactions over time?

    <p>Desensitization therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key factor in the chain of infection?

    <p>Pathogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs in anaphylactic shock?

    <p>Arterial dilation and increased capillary permeability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of fever in the immune response?

    <p>To inhibit pathogen multiplication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of immunity is achieved through vaccination, using weakened or killed organisms or toxins?

    <p>Artificially acquired active immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the lymphatic system in immune function?

    <p>Draining tissue fluid and transporting pathogens to lymph nodes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of immunity is congenital or acquired, such as in HIV infection, organ transplant, or chemotherapy, leading to a weakened immune response?

    <p>Immune deficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the aim of inflammation?

    <p>To eliminate the cause of cell injury</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of epinephrine in treating anaphylactic shock?

    <p>Dilating the airway and constricting blood vessels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of innate immunity?

    <p>Present at birth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can occur in severe allergic reactions, leading to arterial dilation and increased capillary permeability?

    <p>Anaphylactic shock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a chemical barrier in the first line of defense of the immune system?

    <p>Tears produced by the eyes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of natural killer (NK) cells in the immune system?

    <p>Identify and kill many microorganisms and cancer cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers an increase in body temperature known as fever in response to infectious agents?

    <p>Exposure of phagocytes to infectious agents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of fever in the immune response?

    <p>To stimulate phagocytes and increase metabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key factor in the chain of infection?

    <p>Virulence of a pathogen and the dose of exposure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are T-cells and B-cells produced?

    <p>Bone marrow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of immunity is artificially acquired through vaccination, using weakened or killed organisms or toxins?

    <p>Artificially acquired active immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of RhoGAM administration during pregnancy?

    <p>To prevent RH incompatibility issues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs in anaphylactic shock?

    <p>Arterial dilation and increased capillary permeability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of desensitization therapy, such as allergy shots?

    <p>To reduce allergic reactions over time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells act non-specifically to kill many microorganisms and cancer cells?

    <p>Natural Killer cells (NK cells)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of neutrophils in the immune system?

    <p>Phagocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of histamines in the inflammatory response?

    <p>Increase capillary permeability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers the increase in body temperature known as fever in response to infectious agents?

    <p>Exposure of phagocytes to infectious agents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are monocytes referred to as macrophages?

    <p>In the bloodstream</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of immunity involves receiving antibodies from an external source, without developing memory cells?

    <p>Passive immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is RhoGAM administered to prevent?

    <p>RH incompatibility issues during pregnancy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which therapy can help in reducing allergic reactions over time?

    <p>Desensitization therapy, such as allergy shots</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of epinephrine in treating anaphylactic shock?

    <p>Dilating the airway and constricting blood vessels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is artificially acquired active immunity achieved?

    <p>By vaccination using weakened or killed organisms or toxins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of fever in the immune response?

    <p>To stimulate phagocytes and increase metabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells play a crucial role in the third line of immune defense?

    <p>T-cells and B-cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers an immune response?

    <p>Antigens, such as bacteria and viruses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of the lymphatic system in immune function?

    <p>To transport lymphocytes and antigen-presenting cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of interleukins in the immune system?

    <p>To stimulate the immune system and activate different types of T-cells and B-cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Immune Response and Inflammation: Key Concepts

    • Fever serves to stimulate phagocytes, increase metabolism, and decrease microorganism ability
    • Inflammation is a defense mechanism against tissue injury, infection, or allergy, characterized by heat, redness, swelling, and pain
    • Inflammatory response involves the release of histamines and increases oxygen and blood flow to the affected area
    • Inflammation aims to localize infection, neutralize toxins, and repair damaged tissues through the formation of inflammatory exudate
    • Lymphatic system and lymph vessels play a crucial role in immune function
    • Third line of immune defense involves T-cells and B-cells, which are lymphocytes that are produced in the bone marrow
    • Antigens, such as bacteria and viruses, trigger an immune response
    • Clinical signs of infection include an increase in white blood cells, fever, anorexia, malaise, and purulent exudate
    • Treatment for infection may involve empirical treatment based on clinical judgment
    • Virulence of a pathogen and the dose of exposure are key factors in the chain of infection
    • Activation of specific immunity involves B-cells and T-cells originating in the bone marrow and the presentation of antigens
    • Interleukins, produced by helper T-cells, stimulate the immune system and activate different types of T-cells and B-cells to fight pathogens

    Immunity and Immune Response Overview

    • Immunity is categorized into two types: innate (present at birth) and adaptive (developed over time).
    • Adaptive immunity is further divided into natural (ready-made antibodies), active (contact with disease), and passive (acquired from an external source).
    • Artificially acquired active immunity is achieved through vaccination, using weakened or killed organisms or toxins.
    • Passive immunity involves receiving antibodies from an external source, without developing memory cells.
    • RhoGAM is administered to prevent RH incompatibility issues during pregnancy, ensuring the mother does not produce antibodies against the baby’s red blood cells.
    • Autoimmunity occurs when the body attacks its own cells, leading to chronic and degenerative diseases like rheumatoid arthritis and lupus.
    • Immune deficiency can be congenital or acquired, such as in HIV infection, organ transplant, or chemotherapy, leading to a weakened immune response.
    • Chemotherapy targets rapidly multiplying cells, including white blood cells, leaving the patient susceptible to opportunistic infections.
    • Allergies involve the immune system mistaking harmless substances for pathogens, leading to inflammation and histamine release.
    • Anaphylactic shock can occur in severe allergic reactions, leading to arterial dilation and increased capillary permeability.
    • Epinephrine is used to treat anaphylactic shock by dilating the airway and constricting blood vessels.
    • Desensitization therapy, such as allergy shots, can help in reducing allergic reactions over time.

    Immunity and Immune Response Overview

    • Immunity is categorized into two types: innate (present at birth) and adaptive (developed over time).
    • Adaptive immunity is further divided into natural (ready-made antibodies), active (contact with disease), and passive (acquired from an external source).
    • Artificially acquired active immunity is achieved through vaccination, using weakened or killed organisms or toxins.
    • Passive immunity involves receiving antibodies from an external source, without developing memory cells.
    • RhoGAM is administered to prevent RH incompatibility issues during pregnancy, ensuring the mother does not produce antibodies against the baby’s red blood cells.
    • Autoimmunity occurs when the body attacks its own cells, leading to chronic and degenerative diseases like rheumatoid arthritis and lupus.
    • Immune deficiency can be congenital or acquired, such as in HIV infection, organ transplant, or chemotherapy, leading to a weakened immune response.
    • Chemotherapy targets rapidly multiplying cells, including white blood cells, leaving the patient susceptible to opportunistic infections.
    • Allergies involve the immune system mistaking harmless substances for pathogens, leading to inflammation and histamine release.
    • Anaphylactic shock can occur in severe allergic reactions, leading to arterial dilation and increased capillary permeability.
    • Epinephrine is used to treat anaphylactic shock by dilating the airway and constricting blood vessels.
    • Desensitization therapy, such as allergy shots, can help in reducing allergic reactions over time.

    Immune Response and Inflammation: Key Concepts

    • Fever serves to stimulate phagocytes, increase metabolism, and decrease microorganism ability
    • Inflammation is a defense mechanism against tissue injury, infection, or allergy, characterized by heat, redness, swelling, and pain
    • Inflammatory response involves the release of histamines and increases oxygen and blood flow to the affected area
    • Inflammation aims to localize infection, neutralize toxins, and repair damaged tissues through the formation of inflammatory exudate
    • Lymphatic system and lymph vessels play a crucial role in immune function
    • Third line of immune defense involves T-cells and B-cells, which are lymphocytes that are produced in the bone marrow
    • Antigens, such as bacteria and viruses, trigger an immune response
    • Clinical signs of infection include an increase in white blood cells, fever, anorexia, malaise, and purulent exudate
    • Treatment for infection may involve empirical treatment based on clinical judgment
    • Virulence of a pathogen and the dose of exposure are key factors in the chain of infection
    • Activation of specific immunity involves B-cells and T-cells originating in the bone marrow and the presentation of antigens
    • Interleukins, produced by helper T-cells, stimulate the immune system and activate different types of T-cells and B-cells to fight pathogens

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    Description

    Test your understanding of the immune response and inflammation with this quiz. Explore key concepts such as fever, inflammation, lymphatic system's role, immune defense lines, clinical signs of infection, and more. Evaluate your knowledge on antigens, immune cells, and the impact of virulence and pathogen exposure.

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