Immune Response and Antibody-Mediated Immunity

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Questions and Answers

What role do Killer T cells play in the immune response?

They stimulate B cells to produce antibodies.

They destroy infected cells through direct enzyme action. (correct)

They regulate the immune response of other immune cells.

They enhance the process of phagocytosis.

What function do Helper T cells serve in the immune system?

They produce interferons to enhance virus replication.

They suppress the immune response.

They stimulate the production of antibodies. (correct)

They directly kill cancer cells.

Which T cells are important for memory in later infections?

Suppressor T cells

Helper T cells

Killer T cells

Memory T cells (correct)

What is the primary purpose of Suppressor T cells?

To suppress the immune response when needed. Signup and view all the answers

What type of cells do sensitised B lymphocytes produce after encountering a specific pathogen?

Plasma cells and memory cells Signup and view all the answers

What do antibodies do during an immune response?

Mark pathogens for phagocytes and neutralise them. Signup and view all the answers

How do Helper T cells affect phagocytosis?

They activate opsonins to aid phagocytosis. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the effect of interferon produced by Helper T cells?

It limits the ability of viruses to replicate. Signup and view all the answers

What type of immunity is developed through recovering from an illness?

Natural immunity Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of plasma cells produced by sensitised B-cells?

To produce antibodies Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about passive immunity is true?

It is received through antibodies from another individual. Signup and view all the answers

How do antibodies produced by cloned B-cells function in the immune response?

They neutralize pathogens through antigen-antibody reactions. Signup and view all the answers

What is a key difference between primary and secondary immune responses?

The secondary response is rapid and strong, preventing disease symptoms. Signup and view all the answers

What role do memory cells play in the immune system?

They provide long-term immunity by remembering past infections. Signup and view all the answers

How do sensitised B-cells contribute to the immune response after an infection?

They can become memory cells for future immunity. Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of antibodies passed from mother to baby?

They are crucial in early life as the immune system develops. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Immune Response

Antigens are presented on the surface of macrophages, infected cells and cancer cells.
T-cells are responsible for cell-mediated immunity.
Killer T cells destroy infected cells by attaching to antigens on the cell surface membrane and destroying them through direct enzyme action.
Helper T cells stimulate other cells involved in the immune response, for example, they stimulate B cells to divide and promote phagocytosis.
Suppressor T cells suppress the immune response when required and prevent autoimmune responses.
Memory T cells circulate in the body fluids and can respond rapidly to future infections by the same pathogen.

Antibody-Mediated Immunity

Antibodies are produced by B-cells and neutralize pathogens.
Antigens sensitize specific B lymphocytes, which then produce plasma cells and memory cells.
Plasma cells produce large numbers of antibodies.
Memory B cells respond rapidly to future infections by the same pathogen.

Types of Immunity

Passive immunity is acquired through pre-made antibodies from other sources.
- Antibodies passing from a mother to a baby across the placenta or through breast milk.
- Antibodies made in another individual and injected as a serum.
Active immunity is developed through exposure to pathogens.
- Natural active immunity: Immunity developed through having had the disease.
- Acquired (artificial) active immunity: Immunity gained through vaccination.
Primary immune response is slower to develop and usually involves disease symptoms.
Secondary immune response is rapid and strong, often preventing symptoms.

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Description

This quiz focuses on the critical components of the immune system, including the roles of T-cells and B-cells. It covers how these cells respond to antigens, produce antibodies, and ensure rapid responses to future infections. Test your understanding of cell-mediated immunity and the antibody production process.