IETF Standards and Network Basics

Questions and Answers

Which of the following tasks is not done by data link layer?

Flow control

Error control

Framing

Channel coding (correct)

Which sublayer of the data link layer performs data link functions that depend upon the type of medium?

Media access control sublayer (correct)

Network interface control sublayer

Error control sublayer

Logical link control sublayer

Header of a frame generally contains:

Addresses

Frame identifier

All of the mentioned (correct)

Synchronization bytes

Automatic repeat request error management mechanism is provided by:

Logical link control sublayer Signup and view all the answers

When 2 or more bits in a data unit have been changed during transmission, the error is called:

Burst error Signup and view all the answers

CRC stands for:

Cyclic redundancy check Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a data link protocol?

All of the mentioned Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the multiple access protocol for channel access control?

Both CSMA/CD & CSMA/CA Signup and view all the answers

The technique of temporarily delaying outgoing acknowledgements so that they can be hooked onto the next outgoing data frame is called:

Piggybacking Signup and view all the answers

Transport layer aggregates data from different applications into a single stream before passing it to:

Network layer Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are transport layer protocols used in networking?

TCP and UDP Signup and view all the answers

User Datagram Protocol is called connectionless because:

All UDP packets are treated independently by transport layer Signup and view all the answers

Transmission Control Protocol:

All of the mentioned Signup and view all the answers

An endpoint of an inter-process communication flow across a computer network is called:

Socket Signup and view all the answers

Socket-style API for Windows is called:

Winsock Signup and view all the answers

Which one of the following is a version of UDP with congestion control?

Datagram Congestion Control Protocol Signup and view all the answers

A _____ is a TCP name for a transport service access point.

Port Signup and view all the answers

Transport layer protocols deal with:

Process to process communication Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a transport layer protocol?

Stream Control Transmission Protocol Signup and view all the answers

The network layer is concerned with:

Packets Signup and view all the answers

Which one of the following is not a function of the network layer?

Error control Signup and view all the answers

A 4 byte IP address consists of:

Network address & host address Signup and view all the answers

In a virtual circuit network, each packet contains:

A short VC number Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following routing algorithms can be used for network layer design?

All of the mentioned Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not correct concerning multi-destination routing?

Data is not sent by packets Signup and view all the answers

A subset of a network that includes all the routers but contains no loops is called:

Spanning tree Signup and view all the answers

Which one of the following algorithms is not used for congestion control?

Routing Information Protocol Signup and view all the answers

The network layer protocol for the internet is:

Internet Protocol Signup and view all the answers

ICMP is primarily used for:

Error and diagnostic functions Signup and view all the answers

Which is not an application layer protocol?

TCP Signup and view all the answers

The packet of information at the application layer is called:

Message Signup and view all the answers

Which one of the following is an architecture paradigm?

Both Peer-to-Peer & Client-Server Signup and view all the answers

Application developer has permission to decide the following on transport layer side:

Both Transport layer protocol and Maximum buffer size Signup and view all the answers

Application layer offers _______ service.

End to end Signup and view all the answers

E-mail is _________

Elastic application Signup and view all the answers

Pick the odd one out.

Interactive games Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an application layer service?

All of the mentioned Signup and view all the answers

To deliver a message to the correct application program running on a host, the _______ address must be consulted.

Port Signup and view all the answers

Which is a time-sensitive service?

Internet telephony Signup and view all the answers

Transport services available to applications in one or another form ________.

All of the mentioned Signup and view all the answers

Electronic mail uses which Application layer protocol?

SMTP Signup and view all the answers

The entire hostname has a maximum of __________.

255 characters Signup and view all the answers

A DNS client is called _________.

DNS resolver Signup and view all the answers

Servers handle requests for other domains _______.

By contacting remote DNS server Signup and view all the answers

DNS database contains _______.

All of the mentioned Signup and view all the answers

If a server has no clue about where to find the address for a hostname, then _______.

Server asks to the root server Signup and view all the answers

Which one of the following allows clients to update their DNS entry as their IP address changes?

Dynamic DNS Signup and view all the answers

Wildcard domain names start with label _______.

<ul> <li></li> </ul> Signup and view all the answers

The right to use a domain name is delegated by domain name registrars which are accredited by _______.

Internet corporation for assigned names and numbers Signup and view all the answers

The domain name system is maintained by _______.

Distributed database system Signup and view all the answers

Which one of the following is not true?

A single hostname may correspond to a single IP address Signup and view all the answers

A piece of icon or image on a web page associated with another webpage is called ______.

Hyperlink Signup and view all the answers

Dynamic web page ______.

Generates on demand by a program or a request from browser Signup and view all the answers

What is a web browser?

All of the mentioned Signup and view all the answers

Common gateway interface is used to _______.

Generate executable files from web content by web server Signup and view all the answers

URL stands for ________.

Uniform resource locator Signup and view all the answers

A web cookie is a small piece of data that is _______.

Sent from a website and stored in user’s web browser while a user is browsing a website Signup and view all the answers

Which one of the following is not used to generate dynamic web pages?

CSS Signup and view all the answers

An alternative to JavaScript on Windows platform is _______.

VBScript Signup and view all the answers

What is document object model (DOM)?

Convention for representing and interacting with objects in HTML documents Signup and view all the answers

The TTL field has value 10. How many routers (max) can process this datagram?

10 Signup and view all the answers

If the value in the protocol field is 17, the transport layer protocol used is _____________.

UDP Signup and view all the answers

The data field cannot carry which of the following?

ICMP messages Signup and view all the answers

What should be the flag value to indicate the last fragment?

0 Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is not applicable for IP protocol?

Offer reliable service Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following demerits does fragmentation have?

All of the mentioned Signup and view all the answers

Which field helps to check the rearrangement of the fragments?

Offset Signup and view all the answers

The IETF standards documents are called ________

RFC Signup and view all the answers

In the layer hierarchy as the data packet moves from the upper to the lower layers, headers are ___________

Added Signup and view all the answers

The structure or format of data is called ___________

Syntax Signup and view all the answers

Communication between a computer and a keyboard involves ______________ transmission.

Simplex Signup and view all the answers

The first Network was called ________

ARPANET Signup and view all the answers

A _______ is the physical path over which a message travels.

Medium Signup and view all the answers

Which organization has authority over interstate and international commerce in the communications field?

FCC Signup and view all the answers

Which of this is not a network edge device?

Switch Signup and view all the answers

A _________ set of rules that governs data communication.

Protocols Signup and view all the answers

Three or more devices share a link in ________ connection.

Multipoint Signup and view all the answers

When a collection of various computers seems a single coherent system to its client, then it is called _________

Distributed system Signup and view all the answers

Two devices are in a network if __________

A process in one device is able to exchange information with a process in another device Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following computer networks is built on the top of another network?

Overlay network Signup and view all the answers

In computer networks, nodes are _________

All of the mentioned Signup and view all the answers

Communication channel is shared by all the machines on the network in ________

Broadcast network Signup and view all the answers

Bluetooth is an example of __________

Personal area network Signup and view all the answers

A __________ is a device that forwards packets between networks by processing the routing information included in the packet.

Router Signup and view all the answers

A list of protocols used by a system, one protocol per layer, is called ________

Protocol stack Signup and view all the answers

Network congestion occurs _________

In case of traffic overloading Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following networks extends a private network across public networks?

Virtual private network Signup and view all the answers

Which of this is not a constituent of residential telephone line?

A low-speed downstream channel Signup and view all the answers

DSL telcos provide which of the following services?

Wired phone access and ISP Signup and view all the answers

The function of DSLAM is to __________

Convert analog signals into digital signals Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following terms is not associated with DSL?

CMTS Signup and view all the answers

HFC contains _______

A combination of Fibre cable and Coaxial cable Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is not applicable for cable internet access?

Analog signal is converted to digital signal in DSLAM Signup and view all the answers

Among the optical-distribution architectures that are essentially switched ethernet is __________

AON Signup and view all the answers

StarBand provides __________

Satellite access Signup and view all the answers

Home Access is provided by __________

All of the mentioned Signup and view all the answers

ONT is connected to the splitter using _________

Optical cable Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors affect transmission rate in DSL?

The gauge of the twisted-pair line and degree of electrical interference Signup and view all the answers

How many layers are present in the Internet protocol stack (TCP/IP model)?

5 Signup and view all the answers

The number of layers in ISO OSI reference model is __________

7 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following layers is an addition to the OSI model when compared with the TCP/IP model?

Session and Presentation layer Signup and view all the answers

Application layer is implemented in ____________

End system Signup and view all the answers

Transport layer is implemented in ______________

End system Signup and view all the answers

The functionalities of the presentation layer include ____________

All of the mentioned Signup and view all the answers

Delimiting and synchronization of data exchange is provided by __________

Session layer Signup and view all the answers

In OSI model, when data is sent from device A to device B, the 5th layer to receive data at B is _________

Session layer Signup and view all the answers

In TCP/IP Model, when data is sent from device A to device B, the 5th layer to receive data at B is ____________

Application layer Signup and view all the answers

In the OSI model, as a data packet moves from the lower to the upper layers, headers are _______

Removed Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements can be associated with OSI model?

Functionality at one layer no way requires information from another layer Signup and view all the answers

OSI stands for __________

Open System Interconnection Signup and view all the answers

The number of layers in ISO OSI reference model is __________

7 Signup and view all the answers

TCP/IP model does not have ______ layer but OSI model have this layer.

Session layer Signup and view all the answers

Which layer is used to link the network support layers and user support layers?

Transport layer Signup and view all the answers

Which address is used on the internet for employing the TCP/IP protocols?

All of the mentioned Signup and view all the answers

TCP/IP model was developed _____ the OSI model.

Prior to Signup and view all the answers

Which layer is responsible for process to process delivery in a general network model?

Transport layer Signup and view all the answers

Which address is used to identify a process on a host by the transport layer?

Port address Signup and view all the answers

Which layer provides the services to the user?

Application layer Signup and view all the answers

Transmission data rate is decided by ____________

Physical layer Signup and view all the answers

The physical layer is concerned with ___________

Bit-by-bit delivery Signup and view all the answers

Which transmission media provides the highest transmission speed in a network?

Optical fiber Signup and view all the answers

Bits can be sent over guided and unguided media as analog signal by ___________

Digital modulation Signup and view all the answers

The portion of the physical layer that interfaces with the media access control sublayer is called ___________

Physical signaling sublayer Signup and view all the answers

The physical layer provides __________

All of the mentioned Signup and view all the answers

In asynchronous serial communication the physical layer provides ___________

Both start & stop signaling and flow control Signup and view all the answers

The physical layer is responsible for __________

All of the mentioned Signup and view all the answers

The physical layer translates logical communication requests from the ______ into hardware specific operations.

Data link layer Signup and view all the answers

A single channel is shared by multiple signals by ____________

Multiplexing Signup and view all the answers

Wireless transmission of signals can be done via ___________

All of the mentioned Signup and view all the answers

The data link layer takes the packets from _________ and encapsulates them into frames for transmission.

Network layer Signup and view all the answers

In classless addressing, there are no classes but addresses are still granted in ______.

Blocks Signup and view all the answers

In IPv4 Addresses, classful addressing is replaced with ________.

Classless Addressing Signup and view all the answers

First address in a block is used as network address that represents the ________.

Organization Signup and view all the answers

In classful addressing, a large part of available addresses are ________.

Wasted Signup and view all the answers

Network addresses are a very important concept of ________.

IP Addressing Signup and view all the answers

Which of this is not a class of IP address? ______.

Class F Signup and view all the answers

A local telephone network is an example of a _______ network.

Circuit switched Signup and view all the answers

Most packet switches use this principle ____________.

Store and forward Signup and view all the answers

If there are N routers from source to destination, the total end to end delay in sending packet P (L->number of bits in the packet R->transmission rate) is equal to ______________.

(N*L)/R Signup and view all the answers

What are the Methods to move data through a network of links and switches? ______.

Packet switching and Circuit switching Signup and view all the answers

The required resources for communication between end systems are reserved for the duration of the session between end systems in ________ method.

Circuit switching Signup and view all the answers

As the resources are reserved between two communicating end systems in circuit switching, ___________ is achieved.

Guaranteed constant rate Signup and view all the answers

In _________ systems, resources are allocated on demand.

Packet switching Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not an application layer service? ______.

Error control Signup and view all the answers

_____________ allows LAN users to share computer programs and data.

File server Signup and view all the answers

With respect to physical media, STP cables stands for _________.

Shielded Twisted Pair Cable Signup and view all the answers

A standalone program that has been modified to work on a LAN by including concurrency controls such as file and record locking is an example of ___________.

LAN intrinsic software Signup and view all the answers

The __________ portion of LAN management software restricts access, records user activities and audit data, etc.

Security management Signup and view all the answers

What is the max length of the Shielded twisted pair cable?

100 m Signup and view all the answers

Which connector does the STP cable use?

RJ-45 Signup and view all the answers

What is the central device in star topology?

Hub/switch Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following architecture uses the CSMA/CD access method?

Ethernet Signup and view all the answers

Which type of Ethernet framing is used for TCP/IP and DEC net?

Ethernet II Signup and view all the answers

Novell’s implementation of RIP updates routing tables every _________ seconds.

60 Signup and view all the answers

Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) is also called as _____________.

Link state protocol Signup and view all the answers

The computation of the shortest path in OSPF is usually done by ____________.

Dijkstra’s algorithm Signup and view all the answers

Ethernet frame consists of ____________.

MAC address Signup and view all the answers

What is start frame delimiter (SFD) in ethernet frame?

10101011 Signup and view all the answers

MAC address is of ___________.

48 bits Signup and view all the answers

What is autonegotiation?

A procedure by which two connected devices choose common transmission parameters. Signup and view all the answers

A point-to-point protocol over ethernet is a network protocol for __________.

Encapsulating PPP frames inside Ethernet frames. Signup and view all the answers

High speed and long ethernet works on _________.

Optical fiber Signup and view all the answers

The maximum size of payload field in ethernet frame is __________.

1500 bytes Signup and view all the answers

EIGRP is a routing protocol designed by Cisco.

True Signup and view all the answers

Administrative distance for internal EIGRP is ______.

90 Signup and view all the answers

For default gateway, which of the following commands will you use on a Cisco router?

IP default network Signup and view all the answers

Administrative distance for external EIGRP route is _______.

170 Signup and view all the answers

EIGRP uses the ____________ algorithm for finding shortest path.

DUAL Signup and view all the answers

In EIGRP best path is known as the successor, whereas backup path is known as __________.

Feasible successor Signup and view all the answers

DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) provides __________ to the client.

IP address Signup and view all the answers

DHCP is used for ________.

Both IPv6 and IPv4 Signup and view all the answers

The DHCP server ________.

All of the mentioned Signup and view all the answers

IP assigned for a client by DHCP server is ______.

For a limited period Signup and view all the answers

DHCP uses UDP port _________ for sending data to the server.

67 Signup and view all the answers

The DHCP server can provide the _______ of the IP addresses.

All of the mentioned Signup and view all the answers

DHCP client and servers on the same subnet communicate via ________.

UDP broadcast Signup and view all the answers

After obtaining the IP address, to prevent the IP conflict the client may use ________.

Address resolution protocol Signup and view all the answers

What is DHCP snooping?

Techniques applied to ensure the security of an existing DHCP infrastructure. Signup and view all the answers

If DHCP snooping is configured on a LAN switch, then clients having specific ______ can access the network.

Both MAC address and IP address Signup and view all the answers

Based on the information given, what is the minimum number of computers that you’ll need to create a network?

Two Signup and view all the answers

To access the intranet with an FTP site, which protocol needs to be installed on your computer?

TCP/IP Signup and view all the answers

What type of network model is being used in an organization where you have sole responsibility of managing resources across a secure server room?

Centralized Signup and view all the answers

Given multiple networked resources across different floors, what type of network model is being utilized?

Client/Server Signup and view all the answers

What type of network model is reflected if users can perform limited administration on clustered servers?

Decentralized Signup and view all the answers

What is the fastest type of connection recommended to connect two networks in different cities?

T1 Signup and view all the answers

What types of networks are being used in an environment where sales appointments are synced with the PDAs when staff enters the main reception?

MAN Signup and view all the answers

Which topology is being used if all computers are connected together using a single cable?

Bus Signup and view all the answers

Looking at a scenario where computers in different buildings are interconnected, which topology is being used?

Wireless Signup and view all the answers

If a new file server is introduced with 110 m of cable resulting in corrupt data issues, what likely caused the problem?

Attenuation Signup and view all the answers

In examining a network where electromagnetic interference is present, what is the most probable cause?

Electromagnetic interference Signup and view all the answers

What is the most susceptible type of transmission to errors caused by crosstalk?

UTP Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

IETF Standards and Protocols

IETF standards documents are known as RFC (Request For Comments).
Each layer in data packet hierarchy adds its own header as the packet moves downwards.

Data Structure and Communication

The structure or format of data is termed syntax.
Communication between devices can be simplex, where data flows in one direction.

Network History and Basics

The first network to use TCP/IP protocol was ARPANET, established in 1969.
A medium is defined as the physical path for data transmission, which can be wired or wireless.

Network Organizations

The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) regulates interstate and international communications.
Network edge devices include PCs, smartphones, and servers, whereas switches are not categorized as edge devices.

Networking Concepts

A set of rules governing data communication is called protocols, critical for proper network functionality.
Multipoint connections occur when three or more devices share a link.
A distributed system presents a collection of interconnected computers as a single coherent system.

Network Nodes and Overlays

In networks, nodes include devices capable of sending, receiving, or routing data.
An overlay network operates on top of another network, examples include VPNs and Peer-to-Peer networks.

Communication Methods and Models

In a broadcast network, the communication channel is shared by all machines.
Bluetooth technology exemplifies a personal area network.

Router and Transmission Methods

Routers forward packets between networks based on routing information.
Network congestion arises from traffic overload, necessitating congestion control techniques.

Internet Access and DSL

Virtual private networks (VPNs) extend private networks across public networks, enhancing security and anonymity.
DSL services combine wired phone access and internet service provision.

Signal Conversion and Cable Types

DSLAM converts analog signals to digital signals.
Hybrid Fiber-Coaxial (HFC) networks utilize both fiber and coaxial cables.

TCP/IP and OSI Models

The Internet protocol stack, known as TCP/IP, comprises five layers: Application, Transport, Network, Data Link, and Physical.
The OSI reference model consists of seven layers: Application, Presentation, Session, Transport, Network, Data Link, and Physical.

Layer Functions and Implementations

The presentation layer handles data compression, encryption, and translation between machine and human-readable formats.
In OSI, as data moves from lower to upper layers, headers are removed, while the reverse adds headers.

Characteristics and Purpose of OSI

OSI stands for Open System Interconnection, providing a structured approach for network communication.
Each layer in OSI uses protocols tailored for its functionality, ensuring systematic communication.

Summary of Model Differences

The OSI model includes presentation and session layers, which are not separately defined in the TCP/IP model.
Each implementation layer operates in the respective end systems, emphasizing the importance of processing and communication efficiency.

Further Insights

Factors influencing DSL transmission rates include the gauge of the twisted-pair line and electrical interference.
The ONT connects to a splitter via optical cable, which is critical for converting light signals into usable electric signals for networking devices.### OSI and TCP/IP Models
The OSI reference model includes a session layer not present in the TCP/IP model.
Functions of the presentation and session layers in OSI are managed by the transport layer in TCP/IP.

Transport Layer

Acts as a link between network support layers (physical, data link, network) and user support layers (session, presentation, application).
Responsible for process-to-process delivery using protocols like TCP and UDP.
Segments data and uses port numbers to identify processes on a host.

Addressing in TCP/IP

Various addresses used include physical (MAC), logical, port, and specific addresses.
TCP/IP addresses focus on internet implementation; all addressing schemes apply to both TCP/IP and OSI models.

Development Timeline

TCP/IP model was developed prior to the OSI model, with prototypes emerging from 1978-1983, while OSI was introduced in 1984.

Physical Layer Functions

Deals with bit-by-bit delivery, encompassing transmission standards involving cables and connections.
Determines transmission data rate; optical fiber cables provide the highest speed (~1000Mb/s).

Wireless Transmission

Possible through radio waves, microwaves, and infrared.
Each medium has distinct properties regarding wall penetration and usage in communications.

Data Link Layer Processes

Receives packets from the network layer and encapsulates them into frames for transmission.
Handles framing, error control, and flow control; channel coding is a physical layer function.

Automatic Repeat Request (ARQ)

Managed by the logical link control sublayer for error handling in data communication.

Socket and APIs

A socket serves as the endpoint in network communication.
Winsock is the socket-style API for Windows, governing internet application requests.

Transport Layer Protocols

Major protocols: TCP (connection-oriented) and UDP (connectionless).
TCP ensures reliable delivery with a three-way handshake while UDP prioritizes speed over reliability.

Network Layer Responsibilities

Manages packets of data, ensuring appropriate encapsulation and transmission from higher layers down to the physical layer.

Multiplexing and Error Management

Multiplexing allows multiple signals to share a single channel.
Techniques like piggybacking enhance efficiency by combining acknowledgments with data frames.

Concepts of Data Integrity

Burst errors occur when multiple bits in a data unit change during transmission.
Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) helps detect these errors in transmitted data but not correct them.

Conclusion

Different layers of network models serve distinct roles in ensuring data is efficiently transmitted and received while maintaining integrity and communication reliability.### Routing and Layer Functions
In the OSI model, the network layer (third layer) provides data routing paths for network communications.
Error control is managed at the data link layer and transport layer.

IP Address Structure

A 4-byte (32 bits) IP address comprises both a network address and a host address, depending on the address class.

Virtual Circuit Networks

In virtual circuit networks, each packet contains a short VC number (Virtual Circuit Identifier), facilitating data transfer across a larger packet-switched network.

Routing Algorithms

Routing algorithms like shortest path, distance vector, and link state routing all can be utilized for network layer design.

Multi-Destination Routing

Multi-destination routing involves multiple receivers, with routes identified by the routing algorithm; it often overlaps with broadcast routing.

Spanning Tree Protocol

A spanning tree is a subset of a network that includes all routers but contains no loops, used to maintain efficient network topology.

Congestion Control

Congestion control techniques include traffic-aware routing, admission control, and load shedding; routing information protocol does not contribute to congestion control.

Network Layer Protocols

The primary network layer protocol for the internet is the Internet Protocol (IP).

ICMP Functionality

Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) is primarily used for error and diagnostic functions in networking.

Application Layer Protocols

Protocols like HTTP, SMTP, and FTP operate at the application layer; however, TCP belongs to the transport layer.

Data Packet Structure

In the application layer, the packet of information is referred to as a "Message"; different layers have different data formats such as segments and frames.

Service Architectures

Application services can be structured as client-server or peer-to-peer models.

Application Layer Services

The application layer offers end-to-end services, including file transfer, mail services, and network virtual terminal services.

Domain Name System (DNS)

A hostname can be a maximum of 255 characters, and the DNS database contains hostname-to-address records and name server records.
Dynamic DNS allows clients to update their DNS entries automatically as their IPs change.

Routers and DNS Resolution

When a server is uncertain of a hostname's address, it queries the root server for resolution.

Wildcard Domain Names

Wildcard domain names start with an asterisk (*) and match requests to non-existent domain names.

Internet Standards and Governance

Domain name registration is overseen by ICANN (Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers).

Document Object Model (DOM)

The DOM is a hierarchical representation of HTML or XML documents, allowing interaction with various document objects.

Data Transmission Dynamics

The TTL (Time to Live) field in a packet indicates how many routers (or hops) can process the datagram before it is discarded.

Fragmentation Rule

Fragmentation can complicate router operations and is vulnerable to certain types of attacks, such as DoS attacks.

IP Protocol Characteristics

The IP protocol is inherently connectionless, offers unreliable service, and does not provide error reporting.

Web Cookies

Web cookies are small data pieces sent from a website and stored in the user's browser, enhancing the browsing experience.

Dynamic Web Pages

Dynamic web pages generate content based on user interaction or events and utilize technologies such as JavaScript and server-side scripts.

Common Gateway Interface (CGI)

CGI is used to execute console-based files on a web server, generating dynamic content in response to HTTP requests.

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Description

This quiz covers IETF standards, data structure, and the history of networking. Test your knowledge on TCP/IP protocols and communication methods used in networks. Whether you're familiar with RFCs or the basic principles of networking, this quiz will assess your understanding.