Internet Standards & Growth Overview

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of FTP in web development?

To encrypt data for transfers
To send emails securely
To create web pages
To transfer files between computers and web servers (correct)

What is the primary function of a server in the client/server model?

To monitor client requests for security
To encode web pages for transmission
To create web pages using HTML
To fulfill requests and transmit results to the client (correct)

Which protocol is used for sending emails?

IMAP
POP3
SMTP (correct)
HTTP

What does HTTP stand for?

Hypertext Transfer Protocol (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which software is typically used by a web browser acting as a client?

Web browser software (B) Signup and view all the answers

What role does HTTP play in client-server communication?

It is a protocol for requesting and transmitting web pages. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes TCP?

A protocol that ensures data integrity during transmission (A) Signup and view all the answers

What role does IP play in network communications?

It routes packets to the correct destination (C) Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes a web server from a web client?

A web server continually remains connected to the Internet. (A) Signup and view all the answers

How do web browsers interact with web servers via HTTP?

By sending HTTP requests and receiving HTTP responses (D) Signup and view all the answers

What does MIME type refer to in relation to multimedia documents?

It is a set of rules for exchanging multimedia documents. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about Internet protocols is true?

Multiple protocols with specific functions are needed for communication. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of POP3?

To receive and store emails locally (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the function of FTP?

It allows users to exchange files between computers. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key function of TCP?

Establishing a connection between devices (B) Signup and view all the answers

What does a web server respond with when it receives a request for a web page?

A status code, web page, and associated files (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the IETF?

To develop new Internet protocol standard specifications (D) Signup and view all the answers

What does RFC stand for in the context of internet standards?

Request for Comments (C) Signup and view all the answers

What does the IAB primarily provide to the IETF?

Guidance and broad direction (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of ICANN?

To coordinate the assignment of internet resources (A) Signup and view all the answers

In which year did the percentage of the global population using the Internet reach 15.7%?

2005 (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is an Intranet primarily used for?

To share information among coworkers (D) Signup and view all the answers

What does ICANN coordinate in addition to domain names?

IP address numbers (C) Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the global population was using the Internet in 2010?

28.10% (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the Domain Name System (DNS)?

To associate Domain Names with IP addresses (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which markup language is specifically designed to describe and exchange structured information?

XML (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes HTML?

A set of markup symbols for web browser display (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of TCP/IP in web communication?

Facilitates the sending of HTTP requests and responses (C) Signup and view all the answers

What differentiates XHTML from HTML?

XHTML is designed as an application of XML for better structure (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following file extensions is NOT a country code top-level domain (ccTLD)?

.com (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of SGML?

To provide a framework for markup languages (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about XML in relation to HTML?

XML enhances HTML by separating data from presentation (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of an IP address?

It identifies a device connected to the Internet uniquely. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What does the Domain Name System (DNS) do?

It divides the internet into logical groups and links IP addresses to domain names. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about the Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) is true?

Every URL is a type of URI that indicates a resource on the Internet. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What does TLD stand for?

Top-Level Domain Name (A) Signup and view all the answers

What are County Code TLDs intended to represent?

The geographical country location of the website. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a generic TLD?

.com (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the octets in an IP address?

They represent the unique numeric identifier of a device. (A) Signup and view all the answers

How is a URL different from a URI?

URLs are specific types of URIs that denote the location of resources. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Internet Standards & Coordination

IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force): Main organization for developing Internet protocol standards.
RFC (Requests for Comments): Formal IETF documents drafted and reviewed by committees.
IAB (Internet Architecture Board): Provides guidance to IETF and is responsible for RFC publications.

ICANN

Non-profit organization overseeing assignment of:
- Internet domain names
- IP address numbers
- Protocol parameters
- Protocol port numbers

Growth of the Internet

1995: 0.4% of global population online
2000: 5.8%
2005: 15.7%
2010: 28.1%
2015: 42.4%

Intranet & Extranets

Intranet: A private network for information sharing within an organization.
Server: Responds to requests and delivers results to clients across a network.

Internet Client/Server Model

Client: Typically a web browser (e.g., Internet Explorer, Firefox).
Server: Delivers web content through standardized protocols.

Web Client

Connects to the Internet as needed.
Uses HTTP to request web pages from servers.

Web Server

Always connected to the Internet.
Runs web server software (e.g., Apache).
Responds to requests with web pages and files, along with status codes.

MIME Type

Multi-Purpose Internet Mail Extension standardizes multimedia document exchanges across various systems.

Internet Protocols

Protocols define communication methods between clients and servers, requiring multiple specific protocols for different functions.

FTP (File Transfer Protocol)

Facilitates file exchange between computers on the Internet.
Commonly used by web developers to upload files to web servers.

E-mail Protocols

Sending: SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol).
Receiving:
- POP (Post Office Protocol).
- IMAP (Internet Mail Access Protocol).

HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol)

Governs the exchange of files (text, images, multimedia) on the Web.
Web browsers issue HTTP requests; servers respond with HTTP responses.

TCP/IP

Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol: The official communication protocol for the Internet.
TCP ensures communication integrity and breaks data into packets.
IP controls data routing and delivery to correct destinations.

IP Address

Unique identifier for each Internet-connected device, consisting of four numerical groups (octets).
Example: Google’s IP address is 173.194.116.72.

Domain Name

Provides a readable location for an organization online.
Domain Name System (DNS): Associates domain names with respective IP addresses.

Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) & URL

URI: Identifies resources on the Internet.
URL (Uniform Resource Locator): Special type of URI that specifies the network location of resources.

Top-Level Domain Name (TLD)

Identifies the last segment of a domain name (e.g., .com, .org).
Examples of generic TLDs include .mil, .gov, and .edu.

Country Code TLDs

Two-letter codes indicating a geographical location; not restricted to local registrants.
Examples include .au (Australia), .jp (Japan), and .uk (United Kingdom).

Domain Name System (DNS)

Maps domain names to IP addresses via TCP/IP for web browsers and servers.

Markup Languages

SGML (Standard Generalized Markup Language): Framework for specifying markup languages.
HTML (Hypertext Markup Language): Coding standard for web page display.
XML (eXtensible Markup Language): Describes and exchanges structured information; designed to extend HTML's capabilities.
XHTML (eXtensible Hypertext Markup Language): Combines HTML with XML standards, developed by W3C.

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Description

This quiz covers essential organizations and standards that govern the internet, including the IETF, ICANN, and IAB. It highlights the growth of internet usage over the years and the fundamental client/server model that enables web communication. Test your knowledge on these crucial aspects of internet architecture.