Identifying Abnormal Behavior in Children
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What approach focuses on the statistical deviation of behavior to identify abnormality?

  • Prototypical classification approach
  • Harmful dysfunction approach
  • Statistical deviation approach (correct)
  • Clinical interview approach

    • What are the two criteria in Wakefield's alternative approach for defining harmful dysfunction?

  • Statistical deviation and emotional distress
  • Problems in function and social context (correct)
  • Medical symptoms and psychological evaluation
  • Social adjustment and family history

    • Which of the following is a limitation of the DSM-5 regarding its definition of abnormality?

  • It provides all underlying causes for disorders.
  • It often ignores the relational nature of childhood disorders. (correct)
  • It incorporates a purely statistical definition.
  • It relies solely on observed behavior.

    • What is the primary purpose of diagnostic criteria in diagnosing childhood mental health issues?

    <p>To provide a set of specific signs and symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Categorical classification of mental disorders can be best described as which of the following?

    <p>A division of mental disorders into distinct categories</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Prototypical classification in diagnosing mental health issues relies on what concept?

    <p>An ideal representation of each disorder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors is considered when determining emotional distress in children?

    <p>Social interactions and relationships</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which approach emphasizes the degree of impairment when defining abnormality?

    <p>Harmful dysfunction approach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of diagnosing mental health problems in children?

    <p>Aids in professional communication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential drawback of the dimensional classification approach for diagnosing disorders?

    <p>May ignore environmental contexts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect of diagnosing children can facilitate scientific discovery?

    <p>Providing clear definitions of disorders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one way that diagnosing children can be beneficial for caregivers?

    <p>It helps obtain social and educational services</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a criticism of the use of DSM-5 and RDoC in diagnosing mental disorders?

    <p>They merely provide definitions without depth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the DSM-5 cross-cutting symptom measure support the diagnosis of disorders?

    <p>By mapping symptoms across multiple disorders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the significant concerns regarding the classification of psychological disorders in children?

    <p>It may result in overdiagnosis of normal behaviors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following reflects a limitation of the diagnosing process regarding the focus on individuals?

    <p>Dismissal of social influences and environments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does race influence the understanding of mental health in children?

    <p>Race is considered a socially constructed category.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors is NOT mentioned as influencing the prevalence of childhood disorders?

    <p>Physical activity levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is indicated about the overall prevalence of mental disorders in children?

    <p>It is on the rise.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In early childhood, which gender is noted to have a higher occurrence of disorders?

    <p>Males</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does comorbidity in childhood disorders refer to?

    <p>The occurrence of multiple disorders together.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is true regarding socioeconomic status and childhood disorders?

    <p>Socioeconomic status reflects aspects of a child's environment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be said about the perception of interpersonal stressors in children?

    <p>They can influence mood, especially in girls during adolescence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method is suggested to remain underutilized in addressing childhood disorders?

    <p>Preventive approaches.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which professionals are commonly involved in helping children and families?

    <p>Speech-language pathologists and special education teachers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the APA ethics code?

    <p>To establish acceptable standards of behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is competence important in ethical treatment?

    <p>It protects the welfare of clients and uses relevant experience</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a critical component of obtaining consent when working with children?

    <p>Parental consent in the absence of child's agreement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of maintaining confidentiality in therapy?

    <p>To protect information shared during therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be a potential conflict of interest in therapy settings?

    <p>Having financial ties to related services</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect is considered essential for ethical treatment involving children?

    <p>Parental involvement in all decisions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the limits of confidentiality in therapy?

    <p>Five specific scenarios that must be explained to clients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor can lead to differences in the prevalence of childhood disorders across ethnicities?

    <p>Cultural values of racial and ethnic groups</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of children with mental health problems typically receive treatment?

    <p>50%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor does NOT influence the use of psychotropic medication in children?

    <p>Psychotherapy preference</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What barrier might affect a child's access to mental health treatment?

    <p>Economic barriers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which components are crucial for evidence-based practice in mental health treatment?

    <p>Scientific research and clinical expertise</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which professional is NOT typically involved in helping children with mental health issues?

    <p>Urban planners</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common impediment to children's mental health treatment?

    <p>Interference of stigma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT considered a factor in the likelihood of identifying childhood disorders?

    <p>The child's academic performance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Identifying Abnormal Behavior in Children

    • Statistical deviation approach: Defines abnormality based on how uncommon a behavior is.
    • Degree of impairment: Considers how much a behavior impacts a child's functioning.
    • Degree of emotional distress: Assesses the level of unhappiness, anxiety, or fear experienced by the child
    • Wakefield's harmful dysfunction approach: Uses two criteria: a) a biological or mental process is not functioning properly and b) the malfunctioning process is causing harm.

    The DSM-5: Defining Abnormality in Children

    • Widely used manual for diagnosing mental health disorders in the US.
    • It incorporates the harmful dysfunction approach for defining abnormality.
    • Limitations include:
      • Medical approach to mental health issues.
      • Underlying causes often unknown.
      • Many childhood disorders are relational and influenced by social-cultural surroundings.

    Diagnosing Mental Health Problems in Children

    • The presence of specific signs and symptoms.
    • Diagnostic criteria for major depressive episode:
      • Depressed mood, loss of interest, changes in weight/sleep, fatigue, feelings of worthlessness, difficulty concentrating, recurrent thoughts of death.
    • Categorical classification: Dividing mental disorders into distinct categories. Oldest approach but suffers from rigid boundaries.
    • Prototypical classification: Based on an ideal picture of a disorder. Offers more flexibility and acknowledges individual variation.
    • Dimensional classification: Places disorders on a continuum of severity. DSM-5 cross-cutting symptom measure offers a dimensional approach by measuring severity of symptoms across different domains.

    The Advantages and Disadvantages of Diagnosing Children

    • Possible benefits:
      • Parsimony: Simplifies complex issues.
      • Aids in professional communication.
      • Can aid in prediction of future behavior.
      • Can help to plan treatment.
      • Helps individuals obtain social or educational services.
      • Helpful to caregivers.
      • Facilitates scientific discovery.
    • Potential drawbacks:
      • Parsimony at the expense of detailed information.
      • Inadequate reflection of environmental context.
      • Focus on individuals, ignoring the influence of relationships.
      • Arbitrary distinction between normal and abnormal.
      • Unclear boundaries between diagnostic categories.

    Research Domain Criteria (RDoC)

    • Emphasizes biological, genetic, and neurological causes of disorders.
    • Criticized for providing only definitions and lacking concrete methods for measurement.
    • Different approach than DSM-5.

    Socio-Cultural Factors and Understanding Mental Health

    • Culture, race, and ethnicity influence mental health:
      • Values: Belief systems that shape understanding of behavior and well-being.
      • Knowledge: Accumulated information within a cultural group.
      • Practices: Accepted norms and beliefs within a culture.
      • Race: Culturally constructed category, not biologically defined.
      • Ethnicity: Used to define groups based on shared cultural characteristics or heritage.
      • Abnormal symptoms can vary based on cultural norms.

    Prevalence of Childhood Disorders

    • Prevalence: Number of cases within a given population.
    • Incidence: Number of NEW cases within a given period.
    • Challenges in determining prevalence:
      • Difficulty accessing accurate information.
      • Lack of consistent diagnosis criteria.
      • Changing definitions of disorders.
    • Overall prevalence of childhood disorders is on the rise.

    Comorbidity and Costs of Childhood Disorders

    • Comorbidity: The tendency of disorders to occur together.
    • Negative impact on:
      • Children's well-being.
      • Families' functioning.
    • Prevention remains an underutilized approach.

    Factors Influencing Prevalence of Childhood Disorders

    • Age: Prevalence varies by age.
      • Some disorders are more common in younger children, while others peak during adolescence.
    • Gender:
      • Early childhood: disorders are more prevalent in boys.
      • Adolescence: girls experience more disorders.
      • Perception of interpersonal stressors can influence mood and contribute to differences.
    • Socioeconomic status: Reflects a child's environment and influences risk for psychological disorders.
      • Lower socioeconomic status is associated with higher risk.
      • Family composition (e.g., single-parent, adoptive) is a related predictor.
    • Race and Ethnicity:
      • Complex relationship with childhood disorders.
      • Differences in socioeconomic status across ethnicities.
      • Likelihood of identification and treatment can vary depending on race and ethnicity.
      • Cultural values can influence interpretations of mental health issues.

    Access to Treatment for Childhood Mental Health Problems

    • Access to treatment:
      • Only half of children with mental health problems receive treatment.
      • Sources include: psychologists, pediatricians, nurses, and specialized mental health services.
      • Unequal access to high-quality care based on socioeconomic factors.
    • Treatment:
      • Often provided by non-specialists.

    Medication Use and Barriers to Treatment

    • Increased use of psychotropic medication:
      • Varies by age and gender.
      • When compared to psychotherapy, medication use is increasing.
      • Factors driving the increase include:
        • Growing awareness of mental health issues.
        • Increased accessibility.
        • Marketing efforts.
    • Barriers to treatment:
      • Economic factors limit access.
      • Social-cultural factors decrease willingness.
      • Lack of experts in child mental health.
      • Stigma surrounding mental illness.

    Evidence-Based Practice

    • Definition: Using research findings and clinical expertise to make decisions about treatment.
    • Three factors:
      • Scientific research: Provides a foundation for evidence-based choices.
      • Clinician expertise: Provides experience and judgment when using the research.
      • Patient characteristics: Takes into account individual needs, strengths, and preferences.

    Professionals Who Help Children and Families

    • Psychologists: Perform psychological assessments and provide therapy.
    • Psychiatrists: Diagnose and treat mental disorders with medications.
    • Pediatricians and Nurses: Provide primary care and can identify mental health concerns.
    • Licensed Professional Counselors (LPCs): Provide counseling for a wide range of mental health issues.
    • Marriage and Family Therapists: Specialize in helping families and couples address relationship issues.
    • Social workers: Help individuals and families navigate social and emotional challenges.
    • Speech-language pathologists: Evaluate and treat communication impairments.
    • Occupational therapists: Help children develop skills for everyday activities.
    • Special education teachers: Support children with disabilities.
    • School counselors: Provide guidance and support to students.
    • Child life experts: Help children cope with medical procedures and hospital stays.

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    Description

    This quiz explores various approaches to identify abnormal behavior in children, including statistical deviation and Wakefield's harmful dysfunction criteria. It covers the DSM-5 diagnostic manual and highlights its limitations in understanding childhood mental health. Test your knowledge on how these concepts apply to diagnosing mental health problems in children.

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