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Questions and Answers
What is the term used for a developmental pathway where similar early experiences lead to different outcomes?
What is the term used for a developmental pathway where similar early experiences lead to different outcomes?
What are the variables that precede negative outcomes of interest and increase their probability called?
What are the variables that precede negative outcomes of interest and increase their probability called?
Which of the following is NOT a known risk factor for negative outcomes in children?
Which of the following is NOT a known risk factor for negative outcomes in children?
What are personal or situational variables that reduce the chances of developing a disorder called?
What are personal or situational variables that reduce the chances of developing a disorder called?
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What is the ability to successfully adapt in the environment, which varies across culture and ethnicity, called?
What is the ability to successfully adapt in the environment, which varies across culture and ethnicity, called?
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What is a key reason why many children don't receive mental health services?
What is a key reason why many children don't receive mental health services?
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Which of the following groups is MORE likely to experience mental health problems?
Which of the following groups is MORE likely to experience mental health problems?
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What is the expected demand for children's mental health services in the next decade?
What is the expected demand for children's mental health services in the next decade?
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What does the term 'psychological disorder' generally refer to?
What does the term 'psychological disorder' generally refer to?
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Which of the following statements is TRUE about the nature of 'competence'?
Which of the following statements is TRUE about the nature of 'competence'?
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What is a key feature of psychological disorders in children and adolescents?
What is a key feature of psychological disorders in children and adolescents?
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Which of the following best describes the risk associated with psychological disorders?
Which of the following best describes the risk associated with psychological disorders?
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Which statement is least accurate regarding psychological disorders?
Which statement is least accurate regarding psychological disorders?
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What aspect is commonly associated with psychological disorders in children?
What aspect is commonly associated with psychological disorders in children?
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To what extent can psychological disorders affect an individual’s life?
To what extent can psychological disorders affect an individual’s life?
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What is the role of emotions in healthy adaptation according to the provided content?
What is the role of emotions in healthy adaptation according to the provided content?
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Which statement accurately reflects the conclusions of behavioral geneticists regarding genetic contributions to psychological disorders?
Which statement accurately reflects the conclusions of behavioral geneticists regarding genetic contributions to psychological disorders?
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What does emotion regulation involve according to the content?
What does emotion regulation involve according to the content?
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Which of the following best describes emotion reactivity?
Which of the following best describes emotion reactivity?
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What assumption does behavioral explanation make about a child's behavior?
What assumption does behavioral explanation make about a child's behavior?
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What belief did John Locke promote regarding child-rearing?
What belief did John Locke promote regarding child-rearing?
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What was the primary focus of the early biological explanations of mental disorders?
What was the primary focus of the early biological explanations of mental disorders?
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Which treatment model aimed to prevent the transmission of mental diseases through sterilization?
Which treatment model aimed to prevent the transmission of mental diseases through sterilization?
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What significant change occurred in the treatment of children with mental disorders after the mid-1940s due to Rene Spitz's research?
What significant change occurred in the treatment of children with mental disorders after the mid-1940s due to Rene Spitz's research?
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In what decade did behavior therapy emerge as a systematic treatment for children's disorders?
In what decade did behavior therapy emerge as a systematic treatment for children's disorders?
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What does the Individuals with Disabilities Act (IDEA) mandate for children with special needs?
What does the Individuals with Disabilities Act (IDEA) mandate for children with special needs?
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What is an Individualized Educational Plan (IEP)?
What is an Individualized Educational Plan (IEP)?
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What role did behaviorism play in the understanding of children's fears?
What role did behaviorism play in the understanding of children's fears?
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What is one of the main criticisms of DSM-5?
What is one of the main criticisms of DSM-5?
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What is a potential negative effect of diagnostic labels?
What is a potential negative effect of diagnostic labels?
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What do interventions aim to achieve in the context of child psychology?
What do interventions aim to achieve in the context of child psychology?
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In which approach is child psychopathology viewed as being determined by underlying conflicts?
In which approach is child psychopathology viewed as being determined by underlying conflicts?
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What do cultural considerations in treatment emphasize?
What do cultural considerations in treatment emphasize?
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What do cognitive approaches focus on in addressing abnormal child behavior?
What do cognitive approaches focus on in addressing abnormal child behavior?
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Which of the following is NOT a goal of treatment in child psychology?
Which of the following is NOT a goal of treatment in child psychology?
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What is a common characteristic of behavioral approaches to treatment?
What is a common characteristic of behavioral approaches to treatment?
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What should clinicians consider in ethical and legal aspects of treatment?
What should clinicians consider in ethical and legal aspects of treatment?
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What aspect do cognitive-behavioral approaches consider to be a contributing factor to psychological disturbances?
What aspect do cognitive-behavioral approaches consider to be a contributing factor to psychological disturbances?
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What percentage of children are estimated to experience significant difficulties throughout their lives?
What percentage of children are estimated to experience significant difficulties throughout their lives?
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Which of the following elements can be considered a protective factor for children?
Which of the following elements can be considered a protective factor for children?
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Which developmental pathway describes situations where similar early experiences lead to different outcomes?
Which developmental pathway describes situations where similar early experiences lead to different outcomes?
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What is a significant risk factor for LGBT youth according to the content?
What is a significant risk factor for LGBT youth according to the content?
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What does resilience refer to in the context of children facing risks?
What does resilience refer to in the context of children facing risks?
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How do externalizing problems primarily manifest in children?
How do externalizing problems primarily manifest in children?
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What age range is particularly crucial for determining healthy versus problematic adjustment?
What age range is particularly crucial for determining healthy versus problematic adjustment?
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What is the focus of the developmental psychopathology perspective?
What is the focus of the developmental psychopathology perspective?
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What do internalizing problems in children most commonly involve?
What do internalizing problems in children most commonly involve?
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What type of childhood disorders are typically examined through biological perspectives?
What type of childhood disorders are typically examined through biological perspectives?
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Flashcards
Historical Views on Children
Historical Views on Children
Children were often ignored or harshly treated due to misconceptions.
John Locke's Influence
John Locke's Influence
John Locke believed children should be raised with care and thought.
Organic Disease Model
Organic Disease Model
This model emphasized moral guidance for children rather than moral insanity views.
Custodial Model
Custodial Model
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Emergence of Psychoanalytic Theory
Emergence of Psychoanalytic Theory
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Rene Spitz's Research
Rene Spitz's Research
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IDEA (Individuals with Disabilities Act)
IDEA (Individuals with Disabilities Act)
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Individualized Educational Plan (IEP)
Individualized Educational Plan (IEP)
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Psychological disorder
Psychological disorder
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Symptoms
Symptoms
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Distress
Distress
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Disability
Disability
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Risk of harm
Risk of harm
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Labels in Psychology
Labels in Psychology
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Competence
Competence
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Developmental Pathways
Developmental Pathways
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Multifinality
Multifinality
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Equifinality
Equifinality
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Risk Factors
Risk Factors
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Protective Factors
Protective Factors
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Resilience
Resilience
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Mental Health Service Access
Mental Health Service Access
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Externalizing problems
Externalizing problems
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Internalizing problems
Internalizing problems
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Developmental psychopathology perspective
Developmental psychopathology perspective
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Etiology of childhood disorders
Etiology of childhood disorders
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Criticisms of DSM-5
Criticisms of DSM-5
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ICD-11
ICD-11
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Pros of Diagnostic Labels
Pros of Diagnostic Labels
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Cons of Diagnostic Labels
Cons of Diagnostic Labels
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Interventions
Interventions
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Cultural Considerations
Cultural Considerations
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Treatment Goals
Treatment Goals
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Ethical and Legal Considerations
Ethical and Legal Considerations
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Psychodynamic Approaches
Psychodynamic Approaches
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Cognitive-Behavioral Approaches
Cognitive-Behavioral Approaches
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Genetic Contribution
Genetic Contribution
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Emotion Reactivity
Emotion Reactivity
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Emotion Regulation
Emotion Regulation
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Temperament Dimensions
Temperament Dimensions
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Behavioral Approach
Behavioral Approach
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Study Notes
Introduction to Normal and Abnormal Behavior in Children and Adolescents
- Psychological disorder- a pattern of symptoms associated with distress, disability, or increased risk of suffering.
- Historically, children often received harsh treatment due to beliefs about possession or being the property of their parents.
- John Locke (17th century) advocated for raising children with care.
- Early biological explanations viewed mental disorders as diseases, resistant to treatment.
- The custodial model (early 20th century) involved sterilization and institutionalization.
- Early psychological attributions emerged in the early 1900s, linking mental disorders to childhood experiences (psychoanalytic theory) and conditioning (behaviorism).
- Institutionalization was common until the 1940s.
- Spitz's research (mid-1940s) revealed the harm of institutionalization on children's development.
- Institutionalization declined, replaced by foster care and group homes in the following decades
- Behavior therapy (1950s-1960s) emerged as a systematic approach.
- Legislation like the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) mandated appropriate education for children with special needs.
- Culturally appropriate tests and individualized education plans (IEPs) are now standard.
What is Abnormal Behavior in Children and Adolescents?
- Psychological disorders are patterns of behavior, emotion, or physical symptoms causing distress and/or disability.
- Competence describes the ability to successfully adapt within the environment, varying across cultures.
- Developmental pathways illustrate the sequence and timing of behaviors, noting relationships between behaviors over time (multifinality and equifinality). Several factors contribute to the development of disordered outcomes in children.
- Risk factors increase the probability of negative outcomes (e.g., community violence, parental divorce, poverty).
- Protective factors reduce the likelihood of disorder (e.g., strong self-confidence, coping skills).
- Resilience is not a fixed attribute, varies with stress, context, and individual factors.
Mental Health Issues in Children and Adolescents
- Limited access to services and lack of understanding of mental disorders are reasons why many children don't receive mental health services.
- There's an expected increase in demand for these services in the near future but not enough professionals.
- Children from disadvantaged backgrounds face a higher risk.
- Poverty affects children's learning, behavior, health, and emotional development.
What Affects Rates and Expression of Mental Disorders?
- Factors such as poverty, ethnicity, and socioeconomic disadvantage significantly impact mental health rates.
- Poverty is linked to increased rates of learning impairments, problems in school, aggression, chronic illness, and emotional disorders.
Child Maltreatment and Non-Accidental Trauma
- Over one million cases of child maltreatment are reported annually in the US.
- Child maltreatment significantly affects children's social, academic, and behavioral adjustment.
- Sexual and gender minority youths face disproportionately high rates of maltreatment.
Lifespan Implications, Key Terms and Concepts
- A substantial portion of children will experience significant challenges throughout their lives.
- Early intervention and support can help children overcome major impediments to healthy development.
Theories and Causes
- An integrative approach considers many factors influencing childhood disorders (biological, psychological, and environmental).
- Developmental psychopathology emphasizes the role of developmental processes, genetics, neuroanatomy, and maturation in influencing behavior.
Treatment
- Treatment involves diagnosis, prognosis, and planning, utilizing various interventions like pharmacological and behavioral approaches.
- Effective treatments may consider the impact of culture and specific characteristics of families and communities.
- Interventions can address current problems while preventing future issues.
Clinical Issues
- Clinical assessment aims to differentiate, define and measure behaviors, cognitions, and emotions, including environmental impact.
- Developmental considerations regarding age, gender, and cultural factors are critical in clinical assessments and treatment.
Assessing Disorders
- Clinical interviews and standardized assessments help in gathering detailed information relevant to clinical problems and concerns.
- Behavioral assessment focuses directly observing behavior in natural settings and examining antecedents, behaviors and consequences.
Classification and Diagnosis
- Classification system (DSM-5) provides categories for child psychopathology, which are important to understand the boundaries and relations.
- Diagnosis assigns cases to these categories.
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Description
Explore the historical and psychological perspectives on normal and abnormal behavior in children and adolescents. This quiz covers key concepts from psychological disorders, the evolution of treatment approaches, and the impact of early experiences on mental health. Gain insights into how societal attitudes toward children's mental health have evolved over time.