Podcast
Questions and Answers
What term is used to describe the unique combination of behaviors, thoughts, and feelings that make up a specific disorder?
What term is used to describe the unique combination of behaviors, thoughts, and feelings that make up a specific disorder?
What does the term 'Etiology' refer to in the study of psychological disorders?
What does the term 'Etiology' refer to in the study of psychological disorders?
What does 'Incidence' refer to in the context of understanding psychological disorders?
What does 'Incidence' refer to in the context of understanding psychological disorders?
In the context of psychological disorders, what is meant by 'Prevalence'?
In the context of psychological disorders, what is meant by 'Prevalence'?
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Which term describes the longevity of a psychological disorder, such as whether it persists for a lifetime or a long time?
Which term describes the longevity of a psychological disorder, such as whether it persists for a lifetime or a long time?
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'Developmental psychopathology' refers to the study of changes in what type of behavior?
'Developmental psychopathology' refers to the study of changes in what type of behavior?
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Which psychological assessment tool had a built-in system to detect random and intentionally misleading responses?
Which psychological assessment tool had a built-in system to detect random and intentionally misleading responses?
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In what year did David Wechsler publish the Wechsler-Bellevue test designed for adults?
In what year did David Wechsler publish the Wechsler-Bellevue test designed for adults?
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Which of the following is NOT one of the revisions mentioned for Wechsler's tests?
Which of the following is NOT one of the revisions mentioned for Wechsler's tests?
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Which term best describes the purpose of a neuropsychological testing?
Which term best describes the purpose of a neuropsychological testing?
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Who is considered a pioneer in the diagnosis and categorization of mental illness?
Who is considered a pioneer in the diagnosis and categorization of mental illness?
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Which edition of the DSM was published in 1987?
Which edition of the DSM was published in 1987?
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What is the main purpose of a clinical interview in psychology?
What is the main purpose of a clinical interview in psychology?
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What is the primary goal of a mental status exam during psychological evaluation?
What is the primary goal of a mental status exam during psychological evaluation?
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'Standardization' in psychological testing refers to:
'Standardization' in psychological testing refers to:
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'Reliability' of a psychological test refers to its ability to:
'Reliability' of a psychological test refers to its ability to:
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Study Notes
Overview of Abnormal Behavior
- Psychopathology studies psychological disorders, revealing the importance of understanding dysfunction, distress, and cultural context.
- A psychological disorder involves dysfunction, distress, and atypical responses not typical in one’s culture.
Definition of Psychological Disorder
- Key criteria for classification include psychological dysfunction, distress or impairment, and atypical responses.
- Distress must significantly impact an individual’s functioning, as illustrated by the case of Judy, who faints at the sight of blood.
Psychological Dysfunction
- Refers to breakdowns in cognitive, emotional, or behavioral functioning.
- Normal reactions can be overridden by more severe responses, emphasizing the challenge of distinguishing between normal and abnormal behavior.
Distress and Impairment
- Distress is a critical component in defining a psychological disorder, indicating extreme upset or discomfort.
- Judy’s experiences exemplify how distress can manifest in specific phobias.
Atypical Responses
- Abnormal behavior can be defined by infrequency or violation of cultural norms.
- This definition accommodates significant cultural diversity in understanding psychological disorders.
Most Accepted Definition of Disorder
- Encompasses unexpected behavioral, psychological, or biological dysfunction associated with distress, impairment, or increased risk of suffering.
Science of Psychopathology
- Involves a multidisciplinary approach with various professionals, including psychologists, psychiatrists, and therapists, all contributing to understanding and treating disorders.
Clinical Scientist Practitioner Model
- Emerged in the 1990s as a response to practices emphasizing clinical experience over empirical research.
- Aimed at integrating scientific research into clinical practice, following Richard McFall’s manifesto.
Mental Status Exam
- A systematic observation of behavior during clinician-patient interactions, focusing on specific areas:
- Appearance and Behavior: Noting physical behaviors like psychomotor retardation.
- Thought Processes: Evaluating coherence and flow of thoughts during conversation.
- Mood and Affect: Distinguishing between predominant feelings (mood) and accompanying emotional expressions (affect).
- Intellectual Functioning: Estimation of intelligence based on observable behaviors.
- Sensorium: Awareness of surroundings and general cognitive state.
Semistructured Clinical Interview
- Incorporates tested questions to consistently gather relevant information on psychological disorders during interviews.
Physical Examination
- Clinicians assess medical conditions and potential substance abuse contributing to psychological problems, determining if they coexist or are causal.
Behavioral Assessment
- Involves direct observation of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors in specific contexts to analyze influencing factors.
The ABCs of Observation
- A: Antecedent – events leading to behavior.
- B: Behavior – observed actions or responses.
- C: Consequences – outcomes resulting from the behavior.
Psychological Testing
- Utilizes standardized tools to evaluate cognitive, emotional, or behavioral responses related to specific disorders, including assessments of personality traits.
Projective Testing
- Early psychological assessment tools based on projecting personality onto ambiguous stimuli, including:
- Rorschach Inkblot Method: Responses to inkblots reveal underlying thoughts.
- Thematic Apperception Test (TAT): Interpretation of ambiguous interpersonal scenes indicates personal perspectives.
Personality Testing
- The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) is a widely used tool for assessing personality traits and psychopathology through standardized questionnaires.
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Description
Learn about the historical context of abnormal behavior and the different traditions in psychology. Explore psychological disorders and the scientific method in addressing them.
