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Questions and Answers

Which profession involves studying the art and practice of fine cooking and eating?

  • Alchemist
  • Pharmacist
  • Anesthetist
  • Gastronomist (correct)

A person who is trained to administer pain relief to patients, often during surgery, is best described as a(n):

  • Anesthetist (correct)
  • Alchemist
  • Geneticist
  • Pharmacist

Which of the following professionals focuses primarily on the dispensing of medicines to the public?

  • Pharmacist (correct)
  • Geneticist
  • Gastronomist
  • Alchemist

Which of these options accurately describes the role of a geneticist?

<p>They study inheritance of traits in living organisms. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Complete the sentence with the future perfect form of the verb in brackets: 'By the time you arrive, I ______ (finish) all the preparations.'

<p>will have finished (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which sentence correctly uses the future perfect tense?

<p>I will have finished my work by tomorrow. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Choose the best sentence using the future perfect tense to describe a completed action by a certain point in time.

<p>By next year, they will have built a new house. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Select the sentence that correctly uses the future perfect tense, showing that an action will be completed before another point in the future.

<p>She will have graduated by the end of next year. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following sentences correctly uses a gerund phrase as the subject of the sentence?

<p>Hunting for bargains at the flea market is her favorite weekend activity. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which sentence is the preposition used incorrectly with a gerund?

<p>He succeeded on passing the exam on his first try. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which sentence demonstrates the correct use of a non-defining relative clause?

<p>My hometown, which is known for its beautiful beaches, is a great place to live. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Select the sentence that correctly uses punctuation with a non-defining relative clause to add extra information.

<p>The politician, who won the election, promised to lower taxes. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

I had the opportunity ___ see a glacier during my trip to Alaska.

<p>of seeing (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The museum, ___ is one of city's main attractions, is undergoing renovations.

<p>which (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Choose the sentence where a gerund is used as the object of a preposition.

<p>They blamed him of causing trouble. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Florence Nightingale, _____ was know as ‘The lady with the lamp’, significantly contributed to modern nursing.

<p>who (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which sentence correctly reports the question: 'Does this road lead to the palace?' asked by the tourist to a passerby?

<p>The tourist inquired from a passerby whether that road led to the palace. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Riya reported: 'I asked the candidate, Have you worked before?'. What was Riya's original question to the candidate?

<p>&quot;Have you worked before?&quot; (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following options correctly uses a gerund or infinitive to complete the sentence: 'I must remember __________ this parcel today; it's important.'?

<p>to send (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Choose the option that correctly uses either an infinitive or a gerund to complete the sentence: 'I stopped __________ the essay.' (suggesting a halt to the activity)

<p>writing (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Complete the sentence with the correct form of the verb: 'What __________ when the accident happened?'

<p>had she been doing (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Choose the sentence that correctly uses the past perfect continuous tense to describe an ongoing activity before another event in the past.

<p>She had been working at the computer since morning. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

I remember __________ the parcel. I sent it on Saturday morning.

<p>sending (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Choose the most appropriate question to ask if you want to know what someone was doing that led to them getting an electric shock.

<p>What had he been doing? (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which sentence demonstrates the correct usage of 'regret' followed by an infinitive or gerund?

<p>They regret spending all their money. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which scenario is the use of 'trying + to infinitive' most appropriate?

<p>We are trying to understand the complex theorem. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which sentence correctly uses 'mean' followed by an infinitive or gerund to express intention or consequence?

<p>She meant to apologize for her mistake. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following sentences demonstrates the correct use of 'go on' followed by an infinitive or gerund?

<p>Having finished one project, she went on to start another immediately. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following options demonstrates the correct usage of 'need' followed by either a to-infinitive or a gerund?

<p>The report needs to be reviewed before submission. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Choose the sentence that correctly transforms 'I wish I hadn't eaten so much cake' using 'regret'.

<p>I regret eating so much cake. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which sentence correctly uses a question tag?

<p>She is a doctor, isn't she? (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Identify the sentence where the gerund is correctly used to replace an infinitive, maintaining the original meaning.

<p>To exercise regularly is important for health, Exercising regularly is important for health. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which sentence correctly combines the following two sentences using a non-restrictive relative clause: 'The old house stands on a hill. It has a beautiful view.'?

<p>The old house, which stands on a hill, has a beautiful view. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following sentences correctly uses a 'whose' clause to combine the sentences: 'The author is very famous. His book won an award last year.'

<p>The author, whose book won an award last year, is very famous. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of describing building maintenance, which of these options most accurately exemplifies the use of the word 'refurbish'?

<p>Improving the look of the lobby by repainting and updating furniture. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Choose the option that demonstrates the best collocation of words related to home improvement.

<p>Renovate the building. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which sentence correctly uses the past perfect continuous tense?

<p>She had been studying when I called. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Consider this scenario: John started learning French in 2018. Maria met him in 2020 and realized he was already quite fluent. Which sentence best describes this situation using the past perfect continuous tense?

<p>John had been learning French for two years when Maria met him. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following options correctly uses a non-restrictive relative clause to add extra information about a person?

<p>The teacher, who gave the lecture, is new. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A local business decides to 'revamp' its marketing strategy. What does 'revamp' most likely mean in this context?

<p>To completely overhaul and modernize the marketing strategy. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Pharmacist

Prepares and sells medicines and other goods in a shop.

Gastronomist

Studies the art and practice of good cooking and eating.

Anesthetist

Administers anesthetics to patients.

Geneticist

Studies the way characteristics are passed from one generation to another.

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Chemist

Studies chemistry.

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Alchemist

Studies chemistry in the Middle Ages, trying to turn metals into gold.

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Future Perfect Tense

Expresses a future action that will be completed before another future time.

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Future Perfect Formula

will/shall + have + past participle (active voice) OR will/shall + have + been + past participle (passive voice)

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Gerund

Verb form acting as a noun.

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Gerund Phrase

A gerund with modifiers or complements functioning as a noun.

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Non-defining Relative Clause

Adds extra information to a noun; not essential for basic meaning.

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Preposition

A word that connects a noun or pronoun to other words in a sentence.

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Taking

The action of taking something.

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Complaining

To voice dissatisfaction or disapproval.

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Continuing

Continuing; not stopping.

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Paying

To give money for goods or services.

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Restore

To fix or improve something, like a building or artwork, so it looks as good as new.

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Refurbish

To clean and decorate a place to make it more attractive or useful.

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Renovate

To improve a building.

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Renew

To rewrite or extend.

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Remodel

To change the structure or form of something.

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Repair

To fix something that is broken or damaged.

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Revamp

To improve something by making major changes.

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Collocation

A combination of words that are often use together.

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"Regret to" vs. "Regret -ing"

Expressing sorrow about something done or not done.

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"Try to" vs. "Try -ing"

An attempt OR past experience.

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"Mean to" vs. "Mean -ing"

Intention or consequence.

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"Go on to" vs. "Go on -ing"

Continuing with the same or a new action.

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"Need to" vs. "Need -ing"

Requirement vs. needing something to be done.

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Question Tags

Short questions added to statements to ask for agreement.

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Fancy

Means like/desire

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"Past Perfect Continuous"

Used to ask about or describe actions that were in progress or happening repeatedly over a period of time in the past.

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Reporting questions

Used to report a question, using 'if' or 'whether' when the original question is a yes/no question..

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Infinitive

The base form of a verb preceded by 'to'. It can function as a noun, adjective, or adverb.

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Infinitive vs. Gerund

The choice between an infinitive or a gerund after certain verbs impacts the sentence's meaning.

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Remember + Gerund

Expresses memory of doing something in the past.

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Remember + Infinitive

Expresses the need to do something.

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Stop + Gerund

Stopping an ongoing action.

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Study Notes

Alchemist

  • A person in the Middle Ages who studied alchemy

Gastronomist

  • Someone who studies gastronomy
  • Deals with the art and practice of cooking and eating good food

Pharmacist

  • Prepares and sells medicine in a shop

Anaesthetist

  • Administers anaesthetics to patients

Chemist

  • A scientist who studies characteristics and how they're passed down through generations

Geneticist

  • Prepares and sells or gives medicines to the public

The Future Perfect

  • Refers to a future time that precedes another future time
  • Could begin in the past
  • Completed in the future
  • Often used with "at", "by", or "before"
  • Indicates when the action will be completed

Formation - Active

  • will/ shall + have + past participle

Formation - Passive

  • will/shall + have + been + past participle

Gerunds

  • Participial forms of a verb
  • Function as nouns

Examples

  • "She prefers travelling alone."
  • "I had the opportunity of watching Viswanathan Anand in action."
  • "Hunting birds in this village is forbidden."

Gerund Phrases as Objects

  • "I enjoy playing the guitar."

Non-Defining Relative Clauses

  • Adds extra information
  • Not essential to understanding the sentence
  • Separated by commas
Example
  • "My aunt, who lives in the US, is a neurosurgeon."

Collocations

Restore

  • To repair so it looks as good as originally

Refurbish

  • To clean and decorate to make more attractive and more useful

Synonyms

  • Renovate, renew, remodel, revamp, repair

Acceptable Phrases

  • Renovate a building
  • Revamp a business
  • Restore monuments
  • Repair a toy
  • Restore an antique
  • Remodel a painting
  • Renew the contract
  • Restore a painting
  • Renovate an antique
  • Revamp a toy
  • Refurbish a sculpture

Past Perfect Continuous

  • had + been + -ing form of the verbs

Reporting Questions

  • Use "ask" + "if" clause or a "wh-" word clause

Imperatives and Gerunds

  • To + infinitive or an "-ing" form depends on the meaning

Verbs

  • Regret, try, mean, go on, need

Verb example

  • I must remember to send this parcel today
  • Suggests necessary action
  • I stopped writing the essay
  • Suggests a halt to the activity
  • I stopped to write the essay
  • Suggests everything else was stopped to in order to write the essay

Question Tags

  • Used at the end of the a sentence
  • Turn a statement a question

Examples

  • You've been told about the meeting, haven't you?
  • You wouldn't have been able to do it, would you?

World Day Against Child Labour

  • June 12th

Child Labor in India

  • 17 million child workers

  • Lokmanya Tilak quote

  • "Freedom is our birthright"

Handmade Woolen Carpet Industry

  • Labour intensive
  • One of India's's largest export earners
  • Fastest growing industry

Use of Child Labor Estimates

  • South Asia industry
  • Between 200,000-300,000 children
  • carpet belt of Uttar Pradesh in central India

Acquiring Cheap Child Labor

  • Obtained from poorer regions
  • purchasing or coercing children
  • Worst sufferers

Unfair Labor Practices

  • Long children labor hours
  • Little to no pay
  • wages are reduced for food and lodging
  • Owner pays themselves first
  • Debt Bondage
  • Illegal

Slavery

  • defined according to Article 1(a) of Article 7(a) of the Supplementary Convention on the Abolition of Slavery, the Slave Trade and Institutions and Practices Similar to Slavery 1956
  • quite common in the industry throughout South Asia.

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