42 Questions
What is the normal body temperature regulated by the hypothalamus?
37℃
Which part of the hypothalamus is responsible for stimulating an immediate decrease in the desire to drink water?
Lateral region of the hypothalamus
What is the primary function of vasopressin (ADH) in osmoregulation?
Increasing water reabsorption
Which hormone, produced by the stomach, stimulates feeding behavior and energy storage?
Ghrelin
What is the result of bilateral lesions in the ventromedial tuberal hypothalamus?
Uncontrolled voracious appetite
Which part of the brain is involved in emotion and behavior regulation, along with the hypothalamus and limbic system?
Prefrontal cortex
What is the primary function of the medial preoptic nucleus in thermoregulation?
Dissipating heat
What is the result of bilateral lesions in the lateral hypothalamus?
Anorexia and weight loss
What is the result of a lesion of the supraoptic nucleus or interruption of the nervous pathway to neurohypophysis?
Large volume of diluted urine and extreme thirst
Which of the following is NOT a result of hypothalamic lesions?
Hyperthyroidism
What is the cause of hypogonadism in patients with hypothalamic lesions?
Disruption of the production of gonadotropin hormones
What is the characteristic of patients with hypothalamic lesions that result in hyperthermia?
They are normal with no signs of malaise, but with pyrexia secondary to infection
What is the result of damage to the hypophysis?
Severe cachexia or wasting
Which of the following is a result of hypothalamic lesions that occur after puberty?
Impotence or amenorrhea
What is the origin of the superior hypophyseal artery that forms the hypothalamohypophyseal tract?
Internal carotid artery
What is the cause of sexual retardation or precocity?
Hypothalamic lesions
What is the result of hypothalamic lesions that affect the emotional system?
Uncontrolled rage or depressive reactions
What is the function of the tufts of capillaries in the hypothalamohypophyseal tract?
To facilitate the exchange of hormones between the hypothalamus and the anterior pituitary
Where are the hormones released by exocytosis in the hypothalamohypophyseal tract?
In the fenestrated capillaries of the hypophyseal portal system
What is the main function of the hypothalamohypophyseal tract?
To control hormone secretion
What is the destination of the long and short descending vessels in the hypothalamohypophyseal tract?
The anterior pituitary
What type of blood vessels are present in the hypophyseal portal system?
Vascular sinusoids
Which hormones are released at the posterior pituitary in the hypothalamohypophyseal tract?
Vasopressin and oxytocin
What is the primary function of the hypophyseal portal system?
To deliver hormones from the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary
Which nucleus of the amygdala is indirectly connected to the basolateral amygdala?
Corticomedial nucleus
Which part of the brainstem is connected to the amygdala through the stria terminalis and ventral amygdalofugal pathway?
Midbrain
What is the function of the corticomedial amygdala in relation to the autonomic nervous system and hypothalamic neurons?
It modulates activity in both the autonomic nervous system and hypothalamic neurons
Which of the following structures do the fibers from the corticomedial amygdala project to?
Ventral striatum and ventral pallidum
What is the basolateral amygdala reciprocally connected to?
Limbic lobe cortex, orbitofrontal cortex, and temporal neocortex
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the corticomedial amygdala?
It includes the basal and lateral nuclei
What is the function of the stria terminalis and ventral amygdalofugal pathway?
To connect the amygdala with the hypothalamus and brainstem
Which part of the amygdala sends afferent and efferent fibers?
Basal lateral nucleus
Which structure is the primary output source of the hippocampus?
Subiculum
What is the primary function of the entorhinal cortex?
Spatial navigation and memory
Which pathway connects the hippocampus to the temporal neocortex?
Perforant pathway
What is the role of the dentate gyrus in the hippocampal formation?
Initial processing of afferent fibers from the fornix and perforant pathway
Which brain region is reciprocally connected to the hippocampal formation via the fornix?
Septal area
What is the main function of the hippocampal formation?
Learning and memory
Which of the following structures is NOT directly connected to the hippocampal formation?
Cerebellum
What is the term for the cognitive representation of one's position in space and time?
Cognitive map
Which pathway connects the hippocampus to the thalamus?
Fornix
What is the term for the fibers that project from the hippocampus to the subiculum?
Efferent fibers
Test your knowledge on the role of the hypothalamus in regulating body temperature and water balance. Learn about the different mechanisms and neurons involved in maintaining homeostasis.
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