Hypothalamus and Homeostasis
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Questions and Answers

What is the normal body temperature regulated by the hypothalamus?

  • 39℃
  • 37℃ (correct)
  • 40℃
  • 35℃
  • Which part of the hypothalamus is responsible for stimulating an immediate decrease in the desire to drink water?

  • Supraoptic nucleus
  • Medial preoptic nucleus
  • Lateral region of the hypothalamus (correct)
  • Ventromedial tuberal hypothalamus
  • What is the primary function of vasopressin (ADH) in osmoregulation?

  • Decreasing water reabsorption
  • Increasing urine production
  • Increasing water reabsorption (correct)
  • Decreasing blood pressure
  • Which hormone, produced by the stomach, stimulates feeding behavior and energy storage?

    <p>Ghrelin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of bilateral lesions in the ventromedial tuberal hypothalamus?

    <p>Uncontrolled voracious appetite</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the brain is involved in emotion and behavior regulation, along with the hypothalamus and limbic system?

    <p>Prefrontal cortex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the medial preoptic nucleus in thermoregulation?

    <p>Dissipating heat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of bilateral lesions in the lateral hypothalamus?

    <p>Anorexia and weight loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of a lesion of the supraoptic nucleus or interruption of the nervous pathway to neurohypophysis?

    <p>Large volume of diluted urine and extreme thirst</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a result of hypothalamic lesions?

    <p>Hyperthyroidism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of hypogonadism in patients with hypothalamic lesions?

    <p>Disruption of the production of gonadotropin hormones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of patients with hypothalamic lesions that result in hyperthermia?

    <p>They are normal with no signs of malaise, but with pyrexia secondary to infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of damage to the hypophysis?

    <p>Severe cachexia or wasting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a result of hypothalamic lesions that occur after puberty?

    <p>Impotence or amenorrhea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the origin of the superior hypophyseal artery that forms the hypothalamohypophyseal tract?

    <p>Internal carotid artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of sexual retardation or precocity?

    <p>Hypothalamic lesions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of hypothalamic lesions that affect the emotional system?

    <p>Uncontrolled rage or depressive reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the tufts of capillaries in the hypothalamohypophyseal tract?

    <p>To facilitate the exchange of hormones between the hypothalamus and the anterior pituitary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are the hormones released by exocytosis in the hypothalamohypophyseal tract?

    <p>In the fenestrated capillaries of the hypophyseal portal system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the hypothalamohypophyseal tract?

    <p>To control hormone secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the destination of the long and short descending vessels in the hypothalamohypophyseal tract?

    <p>The anterior pituitary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of blood vessels are present in the hypophyseal portal system?

    <p>Vascular sinusoids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormones are released at the posterior pituitary in the hypothalamohypophyseal tract?

    <p>Vasopressin and oxytocin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the hypophyseal portal system?

    <p>To deliver hormones from the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nucleus of the amygdala is indirectly connected to the basolateral amygdala?

    <p>Corticomedial nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the brainstem is connected to the amygdala through the stria terminalis and ventral amygdalofugal pathway?

    <p>Midbrain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the corticomedial amygdala in relation to the autonomic nervous system and hypothalamic neurons?

    <p>It modulates activity in both the autonomic nervous system and hypothalamic neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following structures do the fibers from the corticomedial amygdala project to?

    <p>Ventral striatum and ventral pallidum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the basolateral amygdala reciprocally connected to?

    <p>Limbic lobe cortex, orbitofrontal cortex, and temporal neocortex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the corticomedial amygdala?

    <p>It includes the basal and lateral nuclei</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the stria terminalis and ventral amygdalofugal pathway?

    <p>To connect the amygdala with the hypothalamus and brainstem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the amygdala sends afferent and efferent fibers?

    <p>Basal lateral nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is the primary output source of the hippocampus?

    <p>Subiculum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the entorhinal cortex?

    <p>Spatial navigation and memory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pathway connects the hippocampus to the temporal neocortex?

    <p>Perforant pathway</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the dentate gyrus in the hippocampal formation?

    <p>Initial processing of afferent fibers from the fornix and perforant pathway</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which brain region is reciprocally connected to the hippocampal formation via the fornix?

    <p>Septal area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the hippocampal formation?

    <p>Learning and memory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following structures is NOT directly connected to the hippocampal formation?

    <p>Cerebellum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the cognitive representation of one's position in space and time?

    <p>Cognitive map</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pathway connects the hippocampus to the thalamus?

    <p>Fornix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the fibers that project from the hippocampus to the subiculum?

    <p>Efferent fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

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