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Hypomagnesemia and Hypocalcemia Overview

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Hypomagnesemia and Hypocalcemia Overview

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Questions and Answers

Which mechanism describes how hypomagnesemia causes hypocalcemia?

Inhibits the secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH). (correct)

Increases calcium absorption in the intestines.

Stimulates the production of vitamin D.

Enhances the action of PTH at receptor sites.

What is a common cause of hypocalcemia associated with liver conditions?

Increased magnesium levels

Vitamin D excess

Hypoalbuminemia (correct)

Hyperparathyroidism

What effect does a decrease in serum albumin have on total calcium levels?

Causes an increase of 0.2 mmol/L in total Ca2+.

Leads to a decrease of 0.2 mmol/L for each 1 g/dL. (correct)

Results in a decrease of 0.1 mmol/L for each 1 g/dL.

Has no effect on total calcium levels.

What condition is most likely to develop hypocalcemia due to increased intestinal binding of calcium?

Pancreatitis Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential cause of decreased calcium absorption?

Vitamin D deficiency Signup and view all the answers

How does elevated magnesium levels potentially affect PTH?

Inhibits PTH release and response in target tissues. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Hypomagnesemia and Hypocalcemia

Hypomagnesemia can cause hypocalcemia through three mechanisms: inhibiting PTH secretion, impairing PTH action on bone, and causing vitamin D resistance.
Elevated magnesium levels can also inhibit PTH release and target tissue response, potentially leading to hypocalcemia and increased calcium excretion in urine (hypercalciuria).
Apparent hypocalcemia can coexist with hypoalbuminemia, when only total calcium levels are reported. Common causes of this combination include chronic liver disease, nephrotic syndrome, and malnutrition.
A 1g/dL decrease in serum albumin corresponds to a 0.2 mmol/L (0.8 mg/dL) decrease in total calcium levels. This is a direct correlation.
Hypocalcemia is a common complication (found in about half of cases) in acute pancreatitis. The main reason is increased intestinal calcium binding due to elevated intestinal lipase activity.
Vitamin D deficiency and malabsorption can decrease calcium absorption, leading to secondary hyperparathyroidism (increased PTH production).

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Description

This quiz delves into the relationship between hypomagnesemia and hypocalcemia, exploring their mechanisms and implications. Understand how deficiencies and conditions can influence calcium levels and the complications that arise, particularly in acute pancreatitis and chronic diseases. Test your knowledge on this crucial aspect of metabolic health.