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Questions and Answers
At what serum magnesium level does bradycardia and drowsiness begin to appear?
What symptom is associated with a serum magnesium level of 8 mEq/L?
Which of the following symptoms may occur at a serum magnesium level of 12 mEq/L?
Which of the following magnesium levels is associated with loss of deep tendon reflexes (DTR)?
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Severe hypotension is indicated by a diastolic pressure that is:
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What is the main purpose of converting lactate to bicarbonate in the liver?
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What is a crucial component monitored in the assessment of electrolyte imbalances?
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What is the normal serum phosphorus level range?
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Why is phosphorus essential for the body?
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What electrolyte imbalance is often discussed in relation to hyperchloremia?
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What is the primary role of phosphorus in the body?
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Which organ is primarily involved in the excretion of phosphorus?
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Which dietary source is NOT a major provider of phosphorus?
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How does the body regulate phosphorus levels?
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Where in the gastrointestinal tract is most ingested phosphorus absorbed?
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In which patients should the use of the medication be avoided?
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What vital sign is particularly important to monitor due to the potential for hypokalemia?
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Which electrolyte levels should be monitored for patients at risk of imbalances?
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What should be offered to a patient who is alert and can swallow without difficulty?
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What should be kept handy in case the patient's condition deteriorates?
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Which symptom should be observed to assess for worsening respiratory function?
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Which arterial blood gas (ABG) results are significant for assessing acid-base imbalance?
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What muscle-related indicator should be monitored in patients at risk?
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What is a potential sign of hypocalcemia that should be monitored?
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Which treatment can be used to help increase renal excretion of phosphorus?
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What action should be taken if signs of calcification are detected?
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How can the effectiveness of antacids in binding phosphorus be increased?
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What vital sign alteration can indicate hyperactive reflexes?
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Study Notes
Electrolyte Imbalances - Magnesium
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Magnesium is essential for many bodily functions including:
- Nerve function
- Muscle contraction
- Heart rhythm
- Blood sugar control
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Symptoms of magnesium deficiency (hypomagnesemia) can be:
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Mild:
- Feelings of warmth
- Flushed appearance
- Mild hypotension
- Nausea and vomiting
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Moderate:
- Facial paresthesia
- Diminished deep tendon reflexes (DTR)
- Muscle weakness
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Severe:
- Drowsiness
- ECG changes
- Bradycardia
- Worsening hypotension
- Loss of DTR
- Respiratory compromise
- Heart block
- Flaccid paralysis
- Coma
- Respiratory arrest
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Nursing management for magnesium deficiency (hypomagnesemia):
- Monitor vital signs, especially cardiac rhythm
- Monitor serum electrolyte levels (sodium, potassium, chloride, bicarbonate)
- Assess arterial blood gas (ABG) results for acid-base imbalance
- Provide foods high in chloride, such as tomato juice or salty broth
Electrolyte Imbalances - Chloride
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Chloride is an important electrolyte that plays a role in:
- Fluid balance
- Acid-base balance
- Nerve function
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Causes of hypochloremia (low chloride levels) can be associated with:
- Excessive vomiting or diarrhea
- Use of diuretics
- Adrenal insufficiency
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Symptoms of hypochloremia (low chloride levels) can be:
- Muscle weakness
- Fatigue
- Confusion
- Coma
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Nursing management for hypochloremia:
- Monitor vital signs
- Monitor and record serum electrolyte levels, especially chloride levels, sodium, potassium, and bicarbonate
- Assess arterial blood gas (ABG) results for acid-base imbalance
- Offer foods high in chloride, such as tomato juice or salty broth
- If the patient’s condition deteriorates, have emergency equipment handy
Electrolyte Imbalances - Phosphorus
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Phosphorus is an essential mineral that plays a role in:
- Bone and teeth formation
- Energy production
- Muscle function
- Nerve function
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Regulation of Phosphorus:
- Phosphorus is readily absorbed through the gastrointestinal (GI) tract
- Absorption is proportionate to the amount ingested
- Most phosphorus is absorbed through the jejunum
- Kidneys excrete 90% of phosphorus
- Parathyroid hormone (PTH) regulates serum levels
- PTH regulates phosphorus levels by affecting the activity of parathyroid hormone
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Major dietary sources of phosphorus:
- Dairy products (milk, cheese)
- Dried beans
- Eggs
- Fish
- Nuts and seeds
- Organ meats (brain, liver)
- Poultry
- Whole grains
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Nursing management for phosphorus imbalance:
- Monitor vital signs
- Monitor and record serum phosphorus levels
- Assess arterial blood gas (ABG) results for acid-base imbalance
- If the patient’s condition deteriorates, have emergency equipment handy
- Give antacids with meals to increase their effectiveness in binding phosphorus
- Notify the practitioner if signs or symptoms of calcification are detected (oliguria, visual impairment, conjunctivitis, irregular heart rate, palpitations, papular eruptions)
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Description
This quiz explores the essential role of magnesium in the body, including its impact on nerve function, muscle contraction, and heart rhythm. It also covers the symptoms of magnesium deficiency and the nursing management strategies for hypomagnesemia. Test your knowledge on this critical electrolyte and its importance in healthcare!
