Podcast
Questions and Answers
What mechanism does hypomagnesemia NOT affect in relation to hypocalcemia?
What mechanism does hypomagnesemia NOT affect in relation to hypocalcemia?
- Resistance to vitamin D effects
- Direct enhancement of calcium absorption in the intestine (correct)
- Impairment of PTH action at receptor sites
- Inhibition of PTH secretion
How is hypocalcemia related to serum albumin levels?
How is hypocalcemia related to serum albumin levels?
- Serum albumin levels do not affect total calcium levels
- Increased serum albumin levels lead to hypercalcemia
- A decrease in serum albumin levels results in a corresponding decrease in total calcium levels (correct)
- Higher albumin levels bind less calcium in the serum
Which condition is most likely associated with the development of hypocalcemia in acute pancreatitis?
Which condition is most likely associated with the development of hypocalcemia in acute pancreatitis?
- Increased absorption of calcium
- Increased intestinal binding of calcium (correct)
- Direct damage to the parathyroid glands
- Decreased intestinal lipase activity
Which of the following factors can lead to vitamin D resistance?
Which of the following factors can lead to vitamin D resistance?
What is the relationship between magnesium and parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels?
What is the relationship between magnesium and parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels?
In which scenario would hypocalcemia NOT be expected to appear?
In which scenario would hypocalcemia NOT be expected to appear?
Flashcards
Hypomagnesemia and Hypocalcemia
Hypomagnesemia and Hypocalcemia
Low magnesium levels (hypomagnesemia) can lead to low calcium levels (hypocalcemia) by preventing the parathyroid gland from releasing parathyroid hormone (PTH), which is essential for calcium regulation.
Hypomagnesemia and PTH Action on Bone
Hypomagnesemia and PTH Action on Bone
Low magnesium levels (hypomagnesemia) can hinder the action of parathyroid hormone (PTH) on bone, preventing calcium from being released from bone into the bloodstream.
Hypomagnesemia and Vitamin D Resistance
Hypomagnesemia and Vitamin D Resistance
Low levels of magnesium (hypomagnesemia) can impair the body's ability to use vitamin D, further contributing to low calcium levels (hypocalcemia).
Hypermagnesemia and PTH Suppression
Hypermagnesemia and PTH Suppression
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Hypoalbuminemia and Total Calcium
Hypoalbuminemia and Total Calcium
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Acute Pancreatitis and Hypocalcemia
Acute Pancreatitis and Hypocalcemia
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Study Notes
Hypomagnesemia and Hypocalcemia
- Hypomagnesemia can cause hypocalcemia through three mechanisms: inhibiting parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion, impairing PTH action on bone, and causing vitamin D resistance.
- High magnesium levels can also inhibit PTH release and target tissue response, potentially leading to hypocalcemia and increased calcium excretion in urine (hypercalciuria).
- When only total calcium is measured, hypocalcemia might be misdiagnosed if hypoalbuminemia is present.
- Common causes of hypoalbuminemia include chronic liver disease, nephrotic syndrome, and malnutrition, each of which can lead to a reduction in total calcium levels.
- For each 1 gram per deciliter (g/dL) decrease in serum albumin, total calcium levels decrease by 0.2 millimoles per liter (mmol/L) or 0.8 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL).
- About half of acute pancreatitis patients develop hypocalcemia. This is likely due to increased intestinal calcium binding as a result of increased intestinal lipase activity.
- Vitamin D deficiency and malabsorption decrease calcium absorption, leading to increased PTH production (secondary hyperparathyroidism).
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