Hypertension Management Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the traditional upper limit of normal for systolic and diastolic BP in mmHg?

  • 140/90 (correct)
  • 130/90
  • 150/100
  • 120/80

    • What percentage of hypertensive cases is due to Primary (Essential) Hypertension?

  • 95% (correct)
  • 25%
  • 50%
  • 10%

    • What proportion of individuals with hypertension is greater in blacks than in whites?

  • Varies with age
  • Equal
  • Higher (correct)
  • Lower

    • Which age group usually experiences the onset of secondary hypertension?

    <p>25-40</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the better predictor of complications in individuals over age 50?

    <p>Systolic blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What has declined 40-60% over the past 2-3 decades, reflecting the increasing proportion of successfully treated patients?

    <p>Mortality rates for coronary heart disease and stroke</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which test is much more sensitive than ECG in detecting left ventricular hypertrophy?

    <p>Echocardiography</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended salt intake goal for hypertensive patients?

    <p>5-6 g/day</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be evaluated in order to exclude aortic dissection and peripheral atherosclerosis?

    <p>Pulse wave velocity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be confirmed through laboratory investigations in hypertensive patients?

    <p>Serum potassium levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which test is mandatory in resistant and complicated hypertension to evaluate cerebral, cardiac, renal, and vascular damage?

    <p>Peripheral artery/abdominal ultrasound</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be the BMI goal for hypertensive patients?

    <p>$25 kg/m^2$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be evaluated to confirm additional risk factors and secondary hypertension?

    <p>$HbA1c$ if FGP &gt;5.6 mmol/L or previous diabetes diagnosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What test is recommended in the routine evaluation of uncomplicated hypertension?

    <p>$12-$lead ECG$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the limit for moderate alcohol intake for men?

    <p>$20-30 g/day$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What test should be conducted to evaluate presence of organ damage in hypertensive patients?

    <p>Quantitative proteinuria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The diagnosis of Hypertension should be made after elevation is noted on how many readings on different occasions?

    <p>Three readings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What may ambulatory 24-hour blood pressure monitoring be helpful for?

    <p>Evaluating patients with borderline or variable office blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do genetic factors play in essential hypertension?

    <p>Important role</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary abnormality in contraceptive-related hypertension?

    <p>Increase in hepatic synthesis of renin substrate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common cause of secondary hypertension due to renal artery stenosis in younger individuals?

    <p>Fibromuscular dysplasia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of renal vascular hypertension?

    <p>Excessive renin release due to reduced renal blood flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What test is the definitive diagnostic test for renal vascular hypertension?

    <p>Renal arteriography</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the preferred approach for treatment of renal artery stenosis in young individuals with fibromuscular dysplasia?

    <p>Angioplasty</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor has long been incriminated as a pathogenic factor in essential hypertension?

    <p>Increased salt intake</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does renin act on to create angiotensin II?

    <p>Angiotensinogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What may play a role in 'labile' hypertension, characterized by marked blood pressure fluctuations?

    <p>Sympathetic activation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should blood pressure not be measured within 1 hour after smoking and 12 hours after alcohol consumption?

    <p>Due to increased plasma norepinephrine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which imaging method can demonstrate the lesion in patients with primary hyperaldosteronism and Cushing's syndrome?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the usual cause of hypertension in patients with excess aldosterone secretion?

    <p>Adrenal adenoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common clinical finding in patients with pheochromocytoma?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a complication of untreated hypertension related to sustained elevations of blood pressure?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major predisposing cause of stroke, especially intracerebral hemorrhage?

    <p>Hypertensive Cerebrovascular Disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major cause and exacerbating factor in many patients with dissection of the aorta?

    <p>Hypertensive Cardiovascular Disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do attacks of anxiety, palpitations, profuse perspiration, pallor, and tremor suggest in patients?

    <p>Pheochromocytomas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does ECG evidence of LV hypertrophy indicate in chronic hypertensives?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common finding in primary hyperaldosteronism?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which physical finding has a worse prognosis when stage II or higher changes are present?

    <p>Retinal changes in hypertension according to Keith-Wagener classification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the major causes of morbidity and mortality in essential hypertension?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common finding in hypertensive renal disease?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

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