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Questions and Answers
Which of the following best defines a spontaneous miscarriage?
Which of the following best defines a spontaneous miscarriage?
What are the common causes of spontaneous miscarriage according to the given text?
What are the common causes of spontaneous miscarriage according to the given text?
When does late miscarriage typically occur?
When does late miscarriage typically occur?
What is a common assessment symptom associated with spontaneous miscarriage?
What is a common assessment symptom associated with spontaneous miscarriage?
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Which factor may lead to the inability to maintain the d. basalis, potentially resulting in spontaneous miscarriage?
Which factor may lead to the inability to maintain the d. basalis, potentially resulting in spontaneous miscarriage?
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What is the most accurate definition of 'spontaneous miscarriage'?
What is the most accurate definition of 'spontaneous miscarriage'?
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What factor may cause the failure of the corpus luteum to maintain the d. basalis, leading to spontaneous miscarriage?
What factor may cause the failure of the corpus luteum to maintain the d. basalis, leading to spontaneous miscarriage?
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Which condition is NOT a common cause of spontaneous miscarriage according to the given text?
Which condition is NOT a common cause of spontaneous miscarriage according to the given text?
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When does early miscarriage typically occur?
When does early miscarriage typically occur?
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What is a common assessment symptom associated with spontaneous miscarriage?
What is a common assessment symptom associated with spontaneous miscarriage?
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Which of the following glucose levels indicates a diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) according to the text?
Which of the following glucose levels indicates a diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) according to the text?
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What is the recommended frequency for clinic visits up to 36 weeks for a pregnant client with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM)?
What is the recommended frequency for clinic visits up to 36 weeks for a pregnant client with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM)?
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What is the recommended weight gain limit for a pregnant client with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM)?
What is the recommended weight gain limit for a pregnant client with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM)?
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What type of diet is recommended for a pregnant client with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) according to the text?
What type of diet is recommended for a pregnant client with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) according to the text?
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What test is used to measure the 2-hour postprandial blood sugar (PPBS) for a pregnant client according to the text?
What test is used to measure the 2-hour postprandial blood sugar (PPBS) for a pregnant client according to the text?
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Study Notes
Hyperemesis Gravidarum
- Hyperemesis gravidarum is a condition characterized by persistent and severe vomiting during pregnancy, leading to dehydration, weight loss, and electrolyte imbalance.
- It typically starts within the first 12 weeks of pregnancy and can last beyond week 12.
- It is often associated with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection.
Assessment
- Assessment involves evaluating the severity of nausea and vomiting, checking for signs of dehydration, and monitoring electrolyte levels.
- Symptoms include:
- Severe vomiting leading to weight loss and dehydration
- Elevated hematocrit (hct) due to hemoconcentration
- Reduced sodium, potassium, and chloride levels, leading to hypokalemic alkalosis
- Urine may test positive for ketones, indicating the breakdown of protein and fat for energy.
- There is an increased risk of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) or preterm birth.
- A thorough history taking involves asking about the frequency and quantity of vomiting, as well as the client's typical daily food intake.
Management
- Management involves hospitalization for at least 24 hours to monitor input and output, blood chemistries, and rehydration.
- Initial treatment includes:
- NPO (nothing by mouth) status
- IV fluids (3L Ringer's lactated solution with vitamin B) to control vomiting and replenish electrolytes
- If vomiting subsides after 24 hours, clear fluids are gradually introduced, followed by a soft diet, and eventually a normal diet.
- If vomiting persists, total parenteral nutrition (TPN) or enteral nutrition may be prescribed.
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Description
Test your knowledge on nursing care for hyperemesis gravidarum, a condition characterized by severe and persistent vomiting during pregnancy. Learn about its description, etiology, and assessment in this quiz.
