15 Questions
Which of the following best defines a spontaneous miscarriage?
An interruption of pregnancy before the fetus is viable
What are the common causes of spontaneous miscarriage according to the given text?
Normal fetal formation
When does late miscarriage typically occur?
Between weeks 16 and 24
What is a common assessment symptom associated with spontaneous miscarriage?
Abdominal pain
Which factor may lead to the inability to maintain the d. basalis, potentially resulting in spontaneous miscarriage?
Insufficient levels of estrogen
What is the most accurate definition of 'spontaneous miscarriage'?
A miscarriage caused by abnormal fetal formation or implantation abnormalities
What factor may cause the failure of the corpus luteum to maintain the d. basalis, leading to spontaneous miscarriage?
Implantation abnormalities
Which condition is NOT a common cause of spontaneous miscarriage according to the given text?
Intentional termination of pregnancy
When does early miscarriage typically occur?
Before week 16
What is a common assessment symptom associated with spontaneous miscarriage?
Vaginal spotting
Which of the following glucose levels indicates a diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) according to the text?
1-hr glucose level of 180 mg/dL
What is the recommended frequency for clinic visits up to 36 weeks for a pregnant client with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM)?
Every 2 weeks
What is the recommended weight gain limit for a pregnant client with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM)?
24 lbs
What type of diet is recommended for a pregnant client with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) according to the text?
Balanced diet
What test is used to measure the 2-hour postprandial blood sugar (PPBS) for a pregnant client according to the text?
Glucose Tolerance Test (GTT)
Study Notes
Hyperemesis Gravidarum
- Hyperemesis gravidarum is a condition characterized by persistent and severe vomiting during pregnancy, leading to dehydration, weight loss, and electrolyte imbalance.
- It typically starts within the first 12 weeks of pregnancy and can last beyond week 12.
- It is often associated with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection.
Assessment
- Assessment involves evaluating the severity of nausea and vomiting, checking for signs of dehydration, and monitoring electrolyte levels.
- Symptoms include:
- Severe vomiting leading to weight loss and dehydration
- Elevated hematocrit (hct) due to hemoconcentration
- Reduced sodium, potassium, and chloride levels, leading to hypokalemic alkalosis
- Urine may test positive for ketones, indicating the breakdown of protein and fat for energy.
- There is an increased risk of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) or preterm birth.
- A thorough history taking involves asking about the frequency and quantity of vomiting, as well as the client's typical daily food intake.
Management
- Management involves hospitalization for at least 24 hours to monitor input and output, blood chemistries, and rehydration.
- Initial treatment includes:
- NPO (nothing by mouth) status
- IV fluids (3L Ringer's lactated solution with vitamin B) to control vomiting and replenish electrolytes
- If vomiting subsides after 24 hours, clear fluids are gradually introduced, followed by a soft diet, and eventually a normal diet.
- If vomiting persists, total parenteral nutrition (TPN) or enteral nutrition may be prescribed.
Test your knowledge on nursing care for hyperemesis gravidarum, a condition characterized by severe and persistent vomiting during pregnancy. Learn about its description, etiology, and assessment in this quiz.
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