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Questions and Answers
What is hyperandrogenism and how can it manifest in women?
What is hyperandrogenism and how can it manifest in women?
Hyperandrogenism is the elevated level of male hormones in women, which can manifest as excess hair growth, acne, alopecia, hirsutism, and virilization.
Define hirsutism and explain its hormonal basis.
Define hirsutism and explain its hormonal basis.
Hirsutism is excessive terminal hair growth in a male-pattern distribution caused by androgen excess affecting hair follicles.
What are the key features of virilization in women?
What are the key features of virilization in women?
Virilization in women includes features such as temporal balding, deepening of the voice, enlargement of the clitoris, and loss of feminine body fat distribution.
How do androgens typically originate in women?
How do androgens typically originate in women?
Explain the role of LH in the production of ovarian androgens.
Explain the role of LH in the production of ovarian androgens.
What is the significance of SHBG in androgen metabolism?
What is the significance of SHBG in androgen metabolism?
Describe the metabolic conversion of testosterone in target tissues.
Describe the metabolic conversion of testosterone in target tissues.
What are the two categories of hyperandrogenic disorders?
What are the two categories of hyperandrogenic disorders?
What is the primary method for managing hirsutism in PCOS patients?
What is the primary method for managing hirsutism in PCOS patients?
How does estrogen in oral contraceptives affect testosterone levels?
How does estrogen in oral contraceptives affect testosterone levels?
What role does spironolactone play in the treatment of hirsutism?
What role does spironolactone play in the treatment of hirsutism?
Why is it important to combine antiandrogen therapy with oral contraceptives?
Why is it important to combine antiandrogen therapy with oral contraceptives?
What are some other antiandrogens mentioned that can be used for treating hirsutism?
What are some other antiandrogens mentioned that can be used for treating hirsutism?
What is the expected time frame to observe cosmetic improvement in hirsutism when using spironolactone?
What is the expected time frame to observe cosmetic improvement in hirsutism when using spironolactone?
What is the function of eflornithine hydrochloride cream in managing hirsutism?
What is the function of eflornithine hydrochloride cream in managing hirsutism?
What complementary methods may be considered alongside medical therapies for hirsutism?
What complementary methods may be considered alongside medical therapies for hirsutism?
What type of ovarian tumors can produce androgens indirectly through surrounding stroma hyperplasia?
What type of ovarian tumors can produce androgens indirectly through surrounding stroma hyperplasia?
Define idiopathic hirsutism and its potential cause.
Define idiopathic hirsutism and its potential cause.
How did the onset of hirsutism relate to conditions like PCOS or late-onset CAH?
How did the onset of hirsutism relate to conditions like PCOS or late-onset CAH?
What factors in hair growth velocity may indicate a neoplasm?
What factors in hair growth velocity may indicate a neoplasm?
What does the presence of hirsutism and oligomenorrhea typically indicate?
What does the presence of hirsutism and oligomenorrhea typically indicate?
What are some physical examination findings to assess hyperandrogenism?
What are some physical examination findings to assess hyperandrogenism?
In patients with hyperandrogenic disorders, what is a common physical marker associated with insulin resistance?
In patients with hyperandrogenic disorders, what is a common physical marker associated with insulin resistance?
What laboratory evaluations are typically elevated in patients diagnosed with PCOS?
What laboratory evaluations are typically elevated in patients diagnosed with PCOS?
What is the primary enzyme deficiency that causes Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH)?
What is the primary enzyme deficiency that causes Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH)?
How does 21-hydroxylase deficiency affect serum levels of 17-hydroxyprogesterone?
How does 21-hydroxylase deficiency affect serum levels of 17-hydroxyprogesterone?
What distinguishes classic CAH from nonclassic CAH?
What distinguishes classic CAH from nonclassic CAH?
Which ethnic groups have a higher prevalence of nonclassic CAH?
Which ethnic groups have a higher prevalence of nonclassic CAH?
Explain how hirsutism can be linked to adrenal disorders, particularly CAH.
Explain how hirsutism can be linked to adrenal disorders, particularly CAH.
What role does testosterone play in conditions like hirsutism and acne?
What role does testosterone play in conditions like hirsutism and acne?
What is the significance of measuring serum 17-hydroxyprogesterone in diagnosing nonclassic CAH?
What is the significance of measuring serum 17-hydroxyprogesterone in diagnosing nonclassic CAH?
What condition is defined as persistent hypercortisolism and can lead to excessive androgen production?
What condition is defined as persistent hypercortisolism and can lead to excessive androgen production?
What serum DHEA-S level raises suspicion for an androgen-producing tumor?
What serum DHEA-S level raises suspicion for an androgen-producing tumor?
What is the best predictor of an androgen-secreting neoplasm?
What is the best predictor of an androgen-secreting neoplasm?
What is the significance of measuring a serum 17-hydroxyprogesterone level?
What is the significance of measuring a serum 17-hydroxyprogesterone level?
What tests are suggested for diagnosing Cushing syndrome?
What tests are suggested for diagnosing Cushing syndrome?
What should be excluded with a pelvic ultrasound in women suspected of having a tumor?
What should be excluded with a pelvic ultrasound in women suspected of having a tumor?
What is the initial treatment approach for women with hirsutism caused by an ovarian or adrenal neoplasm?
What is the initial treatment approach for women with hirsutism caused by an ovarian or adrenal neoplasm?
What is the recommended surgical procedure for a premenopausal woman with an ovarian tumor?
What is the recommended surgical procedure for a premenopausal woman with an ovarian tumor?
What metabolic evaluation should be performed in patients with HAIR-AN syndrome or classic PCOS?
What metabolic evaluation should be performed in patients with HAIR-AN syndrome or classic PCOS?
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