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Questions and Answers
Axons from the gray horns of the spinal cord terminate in:
Axons from the gray horns of the spinal cord terminate in:
- the cerebral cortex.
- sensory receptors.
- skeletal muscle. (correct)
- none of the above.
Which of the following is not an inward extension of the dura mater?
Which of the following is not an inward extension of the dura mater?
- Falx cerebri
- Falx cerebelli
- Falx callosum (correct)
- Tentorium cerebelli
Besides protection, the cerebrospinal fluid helps regulate:
Besides protection, the cerebrospinal fluid helps regulate:
- oxygen content of the body.
- pH of the body.
- carbon dioxide content of the body.
- both B and C. (correct)
A way to distinguish between the anterior and posterior parts of the spinal cord is that the:
A way to distinguish between the anterior and posterior parts of the spinal cord is that the:
The foramen magnum is the structure that divides the:
The foramen magnum is the structure that divides the:
The central section of the cerebellum is called the:
The central section of the cerebellum is called the:
The corpus callosum is composed of which type of tracts?
The corpus callosum is composed of which type of tracts?
Which of the following is not a somatic sense?
Which of the following is not a somatic sense?
Which lobe of the cerebral cortex is not involved in language function?
Which lobe of the cerebral cortex is not involved in language function?
Which lobe of the cerebral cortex is not important in memory function?
Which lobe of the cerebral cortex is not important in memory function?
The hypothalamus gives rise to a stalk, leading to the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland. This stalk is called the:
The hypothalamus gives rise to a stalk, leading to the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland. This stalk is called the:
The nervous system is divided into two major divisions, the:
The nervous system is divided into two major divisions, the:
As you move from the spinal cord up the central nervous system, the:
As you move from the spinal cord up the central nervous system, the:
The epidural space is:
The epidural space is:
The filum terminale is part of the:
The filum terminale is part of the:
If a person received a lumbar puncture that removed 15 mL of cerebrospinal fluid from the spinal cord, that amount would be about what percent of the total cerebrospinal fluid?
If a person received a lumbar puncture that removed 15 mL of cerebrospinal fluid from the spinal cord, that amount would be about what percent of the total cerebrospinal fluid?
Which of the following structures is not part of the spinal cord?
Which of the following structures is not part of the spinal cord?
The corpora quadrigemina is a landmark of which part of the central nervous system?
The corpora quadrigemina is a landmark of which part of the central nervous system?
The dentate nuclei are an important pair of nuclei in which part of the central nervous system?
The dentate nuclei are an important pair of nuclei in which part of the central nervous system?
Which of the following structures is not part of the diencephalon?
Which of the following structures is not part of the diencephalon?
What structure is the deepest groove in the cerebrum?
What structure is the deepest groove in the cerebrum?
Which groove is between the frontal and parietal lobes?
Which groove is between the frontal and parietal lobes?
What structure drains cerebrospinal fluid into the third ventricle?
What structure drains cerebrospinal fluid into the third ventricle?
What structure drains cerebrospinal fluid into the fourth ventricle?
What structure drains cerebrospinal fluid into the fourth ventricle?
The spinal cord ends at vertebra L1 in a narrowed area called the:
The spinal cord ends at vertebra L1 in a narrowed area called the:
The olive is found in what part of the brain?
The olive is found in what part of the brain?
Which of the following is an incorrect statement about the midbrain?
Which of the following is an incorrect statement about the midbrain?
Which of the following is not a true statement about the cerebellum?
Which of the following is not a true statement about the cerebellum?
What part of the brain can produce a hormone?
What part of the brain can produce a hormone?
What lobe of the cerebrum cannot be seen in an exterior view?
What lobe of the cerebrum cannot be seen in an exterior view?
Secondary sensory neurons conduct impulses from the spinal cord or brainstem to the:
Secondary sensory neurons conduct impulses from the spinal cord or brainstem to the:
William was recently involved in a serious automobile accident. As a result, he has had difficulty controlling his skeletal muscles and maintaining his balance. What part of the nervous system was most likely damaged?
William was recently involved in a serious automobile accident. As a result, he has had difficulty controlling his skeletal muscles and maintaining his balance. What part of the nervous system was most likely damaged?
Which statement explains how the lack of dopamine physiologically affects those individuals suffering from Parkinson disease?
Which statement explains how the lack of dopamine physiologically affects those individuals suffering from Parkinson disease?
The distinction between the reticulospinal and rubrospinal tracts of the spinal cord is that the rubrospinal tract coordinates:
The distinction between the reticulospinal and rubrospinal tracts of the spinal cord is that the rubrospinal tract coordinates:
Since her fall several weeks ago, Juanita has drifted into and out of consciousness. Her arousal and/or alerting mechanisms apparently are not functioning properly. What specific area of the brain is most likely responsible?
Since her fall several weeks ago, Juanita has drifted into and out of consciousness. Her arousal and/or alerting mechanisms apparently are not functioning properly. What specific area of the brain is most likely responsible?
When someone close to you dies, you feel a sense of sorrow among other emotions. Your ability to experience emotions is the result of the:
When someone close to you dies, you feel a sense of sorrow among other emotions. Your ability to experience emotions is the result of the:
During your lifetime you are capable of remembering such things as telephone numbers, social security numbers, and song lyrics from many years ago. Your ability to perform these long-term memory tasks is possible because:
During your lifetime you are capable of remembering such things as telephone numbers, social security numbers, and song lyrics from many years ago. Your ability to perform these long-term memory tasks is possible because:
The set of coordinated commands that control programmed muscle activity mediated by extrapyramidal pathways is called the:
The set of coordinated commands that control programmed muscle activity mediated by extrapyramidal pathways is called the:
Jeffery contracted bulbar poliomyelitis, and it has affected the medulla oblongata. The doctors warned the family that his condition is grave and death may be imminent. What function of the medulla oblongata has warranted such a dire prognosis?
Jeffery contracted bulbar poliomyelitis, and it has affected the medulla oblongata. The doctors warned the family that his condition is grave and death may be imminent. What function of the medulla oblongata has warranted such a dire prognosis?
The extension of the dura mater that separates the cerebrum from the cerebellum is the:
The extension of the dura mater that separates the cerebrum from the cerebellum is the:
Flashcards
Where do spinal cord axons terminate?
Where do spinal cord axons terminate?
Axons from the gray horns of the spinal cord terminate in the skeletal muscle.
Cerebrospinal fluid function
Cerebrospinal fluid function
Cerebrospinal fluid helps regulate oxygen, carbon dioxide content and pH in the body.
Distinguishing spinal cord sides
Distinguishing spinal cord sides
The posterior fissure is deeper and wider than the anterior fissure.
Foramen magnum division
Foramen magnum division
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What is the Vermis?
What is the Vermis?
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Corpus callosum composition
Corpus callosum composition
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Examples of somatic senses
Examples of somatic senses
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Lobe not for language
Lobe not for language
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Hypothalamic connection to pituitary
Hypothalamic connection to pituitary
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Two major nervous divisions
Two major nervous divisions
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Complexity direction in the CNS
Complexity direction in the CNS
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Epidural space location
Epidural space location
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End of Spinal Cord
End of Spinal Cord
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Location of the olive
Location of the olive
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Location of corpora quadrigemina
Location of corpora quadrigemina
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Dentate nuclei location
Dentate nuclei location
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Not within diencephalon
Not within diencephalon
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Deepest groove in cerebrum
Deepest groove in cerebrum
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Between frontal, parietal lobes
Between frontal, parietal lobes
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CSF to fourth ventricle
CSF to fourth ventricle
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Study Notes
Spinal Cord
- Axons from the gray horns of the spinal cord terminate in skeletal muscle.
Coverings of the Brain and Spinal Cord
- The falx callosum is NOT an inward extension of the dura mater.
- Cerebrospinal fluid helps regulate carbon dioxide content and pH of the body, in addition to protection.
- The posterior fissure of the spinal cord is deeper and wider than the anterior fissure.
- The foramen magnum divides the medulla oblongata from the spinal cord.
- The filum terminale is part of the spinal cord.
- The epidural space exists only in the spinal cord area.
Structure of the Cerebellum
- The central section of the cerebellum is called the vermis.
- The dentate nuclei are an important pair of nuclei in the cerebellum.
- The cerebellum's functions can be impaired, leading to difficulties in controlling skeletal muscles and maintaining balance.
- "Arbor Vitae" is NOT part of the diencephalon.
Cerebral Tracts and Cerebral Nuclei
- The corpus callosum is composed of commissural tracts.
Sensory Functions of the Cortex
- Touch, pressure, and proprioception are all somatic senses.
Integrative Functions of the Cortex
- The occipital lobe is not involved in language function.
- The frontal lobe is NOT important in memory function.
- The hypothalamus gives rise to a stalk called the infundibulum, which leads to the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland.
Introduction to the Nervous System
- The major divisions of the nervous system include the central and peripheral nervous systems.
- Moving up the central nervous system from the spinal cord, both structural and functional complexity increases.
Cerebrospinal Fluid Formation and Circulation
- A lumbar puncture removing 15 mL of cerebrospinal fluid equates to about 10% of the total volume.
- The interventricular foramen (of Monro) drains cerebrospinal fluid into the third ventricle.
- The cerebral aqueduct (of Sylvius) drains cerebrospinal fluid into the fourth ventricle.
Spinal Cord Structure
- The spinal cord ends at vertebra L1 in a narrowed area called the conus medullaris.
- The gray commissure, conus medullaris, and cauda equina are all part of the spinal cord.
Midbrain
- The corpora quadrigemina are a landmark of the midbrain.
- All given statements about the midbrain are correct, including that it contains the inferior colliculi (auditory centers) and the superior colliculi (visual centers).
Cerebellum
- All provided statements about the cerebellum are true including its name means "little brain" and it has more neurons than any other part of the nervous system.
Hypothalamus and Pineal Gland
- The pineal gland and hypothalamus can both produce hormones.
Cerebral Cortex
- The insula lobe of the cerebrum cannot be seen in an exterior view.
Somatic Sensory Pathways
- Secondary sensory neurons conduct impulses from the spinal cord or brainstem to the thalamus.
Parkinson's Disease
- In Parkinson's disease, the lack of dopamine results in unrestrained excitatory effects of acetylcholine, leading to overstimulation of postural muscles.
Spinal Cord Functions
- The rubrospinal tract coordinates head and neck movement, while the reticulospinal tract maintains posture.
Thalamus
- The thalamus is likely responsible for impaired arousal and alerting mechanisms.
Limbic System
- Experiencing emotions such as sorrow is a result of the limbic system.
Memory
- Long-term memory is possible because repeated impulse conduction over a given neuronal circuit produces synaptic changes, facilitating impulse transmission at the synapse.
Extrapyramidal Tracts
- The set of coordinated commands controlling programmed muscle activity mediated by extrapyramidal pathways is called the motor program.
Medulla Oblongata
- The medulla oblongata contains vital centers that control heart action, blood vessel diameter, and respiration.
Brain Coverings
- The tentorium cerebella is the extension of the dura mater that separates the cerebrum from the cerebellum.
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