Hydrometeorological Hazards in the Philippines
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Hydrometeorological Hazards in the Philippines

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary difference between thunderstorms and typhoons?

  • Their geographical location
  • Their formation mechanism
  • Their seasonality
  • The strength of their winds (correct)

    • What triggers the formation of thunderstorms?

  • Rapid expansion of local air
  • Rapid cooling of the atmosphere
  • Rapid heat and moisture moving upward (correct)
  • Rapid drainage of water

    • Why do lightning and thunder usually occur in the lower portion of clouds?

  • Because of the presence of strong winds
  • Because of the high humidity and temperature
  • Because of the rapid expansion of local air
  • Because of the presence of negative particles and moisture (correct)

    • What is the primary characteristic of floods?

    <p>Water accumulating on a typically dry land</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are densely populated areas prone to flooding?

    <p>Due to their limited spaces and inefficient drainage systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be a result of human activities, leading to flooding?

    <p>Improper drainage systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should you do to prepare waterways before a storm?

    <p>Participate in cleanup activities to clear waterways</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should you avoid going to open or isolated areas during a storm?

    <p>Because you might get separated from your family</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should you bring with you when evacuating?

    <p>A 'go-bag' with essential items</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should you unplug electronics during a storm?

    <p>To avoid electrocution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should you do after a storm?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should you report damaged utility wires to the authority?

    <p>Because they might cause electrocution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be determined by observing the direction of a cloud's movement?

    <p>The destination of an upcoming typhoon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is essential to include in a 72-hour survival kit?

    <p>A lamp or flashlight with extra batteries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to meet with all members of your household before a hydrometeorological hazard?

    <p>To make plans for evacuation to higher or safer ground</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done to reinforce your house before a hydrometeorological hazard?

    <p>Reinforce the roofs, windows, and structural supports or foundations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to transfer valuables, appliances, and furniture to higher ground?

    <p>To prevent water damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can some animals do naturally?

    <p>Detect weather disturbances before they happen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term that encompasses natural events that take place in the oceans and in the atmosphere?

    <p>Hydrometeorological</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the area near the equator where trade winds meet?

    <p>Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do tropical cyclones usually begin?

    <p>On the surface of the warm northwestern portion of the Pacific Ocean</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the global phenomenon that affects the formation of cyclones?

    <p>Global Wind System</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the exchange of winds that account for the swirling motion of cyclones?

    <p>Trade winds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the Philippines prone to cyclones and typhoons?

    <p>Because it lies within the ITCZ</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the La Niña phenomenon characterized by?

    <p>Abnormal cooling of ocean temperatures in the equatorial Pacific</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During El Niño, which region experiences warmer atmospheric temperatures than usual?

    <p>Philippines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect do cyclones have during La Niña in the Pacific?

    <p>Move the winds westward resulting in excessive rainfall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of El Niño phenomenon?

    <p>Increase in the surface temperatures of the Pacific waters near the equator</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common feature of both El Niño and La Niña?

    <p>Abnormal temperature changes in the Equatorial Pacific</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do higher elevated areas and knowledge of geographical directions help with in the context of atmospheric hazards?

    <p>Anticipating typhoons and thunderstorms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Thunderstorms vs. Typhoons

    • Thunderstorms are localized weather events, while typhoons are large, organized systems originating over warm ocean waters.
    • Formation of thunderstorms is triggered by atmospheric instability, lifting mechanisms, and moisture.

    Lightning and Thunder

    • Lightning occurs within clouds due to the separation of electrical charges, while thunder results from the rapid expansion of heated air.
    • Both phenomena typically manifest in the lower portions of clouds where charge differences are greatest.

    Floods

    • A primary characteristic of floods is the overflow of water onto normally dry land.
    • Densely populated areas are prone to flooding due to impermeable surfaces like concrete that prevent water absorption.

    Human Activities and Flooding

    • Urban development, deforestation, and improper drainage systems can exacerbate flooding.
    • Preparing waterways by clearing debris and ensuring proper drainage helps mitigate flood risks before storms.

    Storm Safety

    • Avoid open or isolated areas during a storm to reduce exposure to lightning and strong winds.
    • When evacuating, bring essential items like identification, medications, and non-perishable food.
    • Electronics should be unplugged during storms to prevent damage from power surges and lightning strikes.

    Post-Storm Actions

    • After a storm, assess damage carefully and check for hazards like downed power lines.
    • Reporting damaged utility wires to authorities prevents accidents and supports safety measures.

    Weather Observation

    • Observing the direction of cloud movement can indicate storm progression and potential impacts.
    • An essential part of a 72-hour survival kit includes food, water, flashlight, battery-powered radio, and first aid supplies.

    Household Preparedness

    • Meeting with household members before a hydrometeorological hazard ensures everyone understands safety plans.
    • Reinforcing the house might involve securing windows and doors to withstand strong winds.

    Valuables and Natural Behaviors

    • Transferring valuables to higher ground protects them from impending flood damage.
    • Some animals have natural instincts that can signal oncoming storms or weather changes.

    Natural Events and Cyclones

    • Natural events in the oceans and atmosphere are referred to as hydrometeorological events.
    • The area near the equator where trade winds converge is known as the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ).

    Tropical Cyclones

    • Tropical cyclones typically originate in warm ocean waters; they form where water temperatures exceed approximately 26 degrees Celsius.
    • The global phenomenon affecting cyclone formation is called the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO).

    Wind Exchange in Cyclones

    • The exchange of winds that contributes to the swirling motion of cyclones is known as the Coriolis effect.
    • The Philippines is prone to cyclones and typhoons due to its geographical location and warm ocean currents.

    La Niña and El Niño

    • La Niña is characterized by cooler ocean temperatures in the central Pacific, promoting higher storm activity in the region.
    • During El Niño, the eastern Pacific often experiences warmer atmospheric temperatures.
    • Cyclones during La Niña typically bring increased rainfall and severe weather to certain regions of the Pacific.

    Common Features of ENSO Phenomena

    • Both El Niño and La Niña share the common feature of altering weather patterns globally.

    Geography and Atmospheric Hazards

    • Elevated areas and knowledge of geographical directions assist in navigating during atmospheric hazards, enhancing safety and evacuation strategies.

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    Description

    Explore the various hydrometeorological hazards that the Philippines is prone to, including natural events in oceans and the atmosphere. Learn about the impacts of energy transfer between land surface and the lower atmosphere on communities.

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