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Questions and Answers
What does effective rainfall represent in procedures where subsurface runoff is excluded?
What does effective rainfall represent in procedures where subsurface runoff is excluded?
Which term refers to the branch of hydrology that focuses on engineering applications?
Which term refers to the branch of hydrology that focuses on engineering applications?
What does the term 'ephemeral stream' imply?
What does the term 'ephemeral stream' imply?
Which instrument is used to measure the rate of evaporation?
Which instrument is used to measure the rate of evaporation?
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What is defined as the value that divides the total frequency into two equal halves in a continuous frequency distribution?
What is defined as the value that divides the total frequency into two equal halves in a continuous frequency distribution?
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What is the term for the least value of discharge in a stream during a hydrological year?
What is the term for the least value of discharge in a stream during a hydrological year?
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What is extrema rainfall characterized by?
What is extrema rainfall characterized by?
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Which of the following best describes evapotranspiration?
Which of the following best describes evapotranspiration?
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What is model calibration primarily concerned with?
What is model calibration primarily concerned with?
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What is an experimental watershed used for?
What is an experimental watershed used for?
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What does the term 'mode' represent in a distribution of a discrete variate?
What does the term 'mode' represent in a distribution of a discrete variate?
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In the context of hydrology, what is a model?
In the context of hydrology, what is a model?
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Which statement accurately defines extreme value distribution?
Which statement accurately defines extreme value distribution?
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Which of the following best describes meteorology?
Which of the following best describes meteorology?
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What is the purpose of a meteorological radar?
What is the purpose of a meteorological radar?
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Which term describes the mean value of a power of a variate?
Which term describes the mean value of a power of a variate?
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What is the purpose of a pumping test?
What is the purpose of a pumping test?
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What does the term 'quantile' refer to in statistics?
What does the term 'quantile' refer to in statistics?
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How is rainfall intensity defined?
How is rainfall intensity defined?
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What does the 'rain shadow' effect describe?
What does the 'rain shadow' effect describe?
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What is the function of a rain gauge?
What is the function of a rain gauge?
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What does 'rainfall maximization' refer to?
What does 'rainfall maximization' refer to?
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What is a 'random process' in the context of data analysis?
What is a 'random process' in the context of data analysis?
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What characterizes a deterministic system in hydrology?
What characterizes a deterministic system in hydrology?
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What does rainfall excess represent?
What does rainfall excess represent?
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How is direct runoff defined?
How is direct runoff defined?
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What does the discharge coefficient represent?
What does the discharge coefficient represent?
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What does a discharge hydrograph illustrate?
What does a discharge hydrograph illustrate?
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What is indicated by a drought index?
What is indicated by a drought index?
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What does the term drainage density refer to?
What does the term drainage density refer to?
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In hydrology, what is effective rainfall?
In hydrology, what is effective rainfall?
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What is a dynamic hydrology approach primarily used to analyze?
What is a dynamic hydrology approach primarily used to analyze?
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What is the primary purpose of normals in hydrological studies?
What is the primary purpose of normals in hydrological studies?
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What defines an n-year event in hydrology?
What defines an n-year event in hydrology?
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Which term describes the flow of water out of a stream or a lake?
Which term describes the flow of water out of a stream or a lake?
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What does overbank flow refer to?
What does overbank flow refer to?
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What is a parameter in the context of hydrological modeling?
What is a parameter in the context of hydrological modeling?
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What does the term partial duration series refer to?
What does the term partial duration series refer to?
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What best describes parametric hydrology?
What best describes parametric hydrology?
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What does the term 'bankfull discharge' refer to?
What does the term 'bankfull discharge' refer to?
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What indicates an outlier in a sample?
What indicates an outlier in a sample?
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Which of the following best describes 'climate'?
Which of the following best describes 'climate'?
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What is represented by the 'base-width' of a flood hydrograph?
What is represented by the 'base-width' of a flood hydrograph?
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What is 'basin response'?
What is 'basin response'?
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What does 'calibration' in hydrology typically involve?
What does 'calibration' in hydrology typically involve?
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Which statement accurately describes 'bankfull stage'?
Which statement accurately describes 'bankfull stage'?
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What is a 'bubble gauge' primarily used for?
What is a 'bubble gauge' primarily used for?
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Which option correctly defines the term 'channel frequency'?
Which option correctly defines the term 'channel frequency'?
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Study Notes
Hydrology Terminology
- Accumulative precipitation gauge: A precipitation gauge used at stations visited infrequently.
- Active basin area: The basin area excluding any undrained parts.
- Actual evaporation: The amount of water evaporated from an open water surface or the ground.
- Actual evapotranspiration: The combined amount of water evaporated from soil and plants with the ground's natural moisture content.
- Advection: The process of transferring air mass properties by atmospheric movement.
- Altitude: Vertical distance from mean sea level.
- Annual exceedence series: A series of values of independent events (like floods) occurring above a specific baseline value.
- Annual flood: The highest peak discharge in a water year, or a flood that is equalled or exceeded once each year.
- Annual flow: The total volume of water flowing out of a drainage area or river basin in a year.
- Annual maximum series: A series of extreme values (usually largest) for each year.
- Annual minimum series: A series of smallest values for each year.
- Annual runoff: The total volume of water flowing out of a drainage area or river basin in a year.
- Annual series: A series of values representing a characteristic or element over a series of years.
- Annual storage: The amount of water stored in a reservoir to cope with seasonal variations in inflow and demand.
- Annual storage capacity: The amount of water that can be stored in a reservoir to manage seasonal variations in inflow and demand.
- Antecedent precipitation index: Weighted summation of past daily precipitation amounts, used as an index of soil moisture.
Additional Terms
- Areal precipitation: Average precipitation depth over a specific area.
- Areal reduction factor (of rainfall): The ratio of mean areal rainfall to mean point rainfall.
- Arithmetic mean: The sum of a set of values divided by their number.
- Arithmetic mean: Sum of the values divided by the number of values.
- Average: Commonly understood as the arithmetic mean.
- Average velocity: Discharge divided by the cross-sectional area.
- Average year: A year representing the average value of an observed quantity, e.g., rainfall.
- Bankfull discharge: The discharge that fills a water course to the banks without overflowing.
- Bankfull stage: The stage at which a stream just overflows its natural banks.
- Base width (of a flood hydrograph): Time interval between the beginning and end of direct runoff.
- Basin: Drainage area of a stream, river or lake.
- Basin response: How a basin reacts to meteorological events.
- Bubble gauge: Gauge using gas-purged system to measure water level.
- Calibration: Experimental determination of the relationship between a measurand and the indication of an instrument.
- Catchment: Area draining into a common outlet for surface runoff.
- Catchment area: Area draining into a common outlet for surface runoff.
- Catchment response: How a basin reacts to meteorological events.
- Channel frequency: Number of stream segments of all orders within a basin, divided by its area.
- Channel network: Arrangement of drainage channels within a basin.
- Clear overflow weir: Weir where the flow is not submerged by the tail water.
- Climate: Long-term statistics of meteorological elements in a given area.
- Climatic change: Significant change observed in region's climate between two reference periods.
- Climatic year: Continuous 12-month period representing a complete annual climatic cycle
- Climatological station: Station established to gather climatological data, used for hydrological purposes.
- Coefficient of determination: Square of the correlation coefficient, expressing the proportion of variance in a dependent variate explained by independent variates.
- Coefficient of variation: The ratio between the standard deviation and the mean.
- Compound weir: Weir with multiple sections potentially of different types and dimensions.
- Conceptual hydrological model: A simplified mathematical representation of the hydrological cycle.
- Conditional probability: Probability that event E occurs given that event F occurred.
- Confidence interval: Interval containing the true value with a specified probability.
- Confidence limits: Lower and upper limits of a confidence interval.
- Constant-rate dilution gauging: Flow characteristics determination through injecting a tracer at a constant rate.
- Continental hydrology: Branch of hydrology emphasizing hydrological processes in continental areas.
- Continuity equation: Describes the conservation of mass in a flowing system.
- Convective precipitation: Precipitation caused by convective motion in the atmosphere.
- Correlation: Interdependence or relationship between two measurable variables.
- Correlation coefficient: Measure of interdependence between two variables.
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Description
Test your knowledge of key terms and concepts in hydrology with this quiz. From precipitation gauges to annual flood metrics, explore essential vocabulary and definitions relevant to the study of water systems. Perfect for students and professionals alike!
