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What is the definition of bankfull discharge?
What is the definition of bankfull discharge?
Which term describes the area that has a common outlet for its surface runoff?
Which term describes the area that has a common outlet for its surface runoff?
What does the term climatic change refer to?
What does the term climatic change refer to?
What does the term 'base-width of a flood hydrograph' refer to?
What does the term 'base-width of a flood hydrograph' refer to?
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What is indicated by the coefficient of determination?
What is indicated by the coefficient of determination?
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What is the average year in hydrology?
What is the average year in hydrology?
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What is the role of a climatological station for hydrological purposes?
What is the role of a climatological station for hydrological purposes?
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Which of the following describes bankfull stage?
Which of the following describes bankfull stage?
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What does a depletion curve represent?
What does a depletion curve represent?
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What is the purpose of a datum level in hydrology?
What is the purpose of a datum level in hydrology?
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What does the term 'design storm' refer to?
What does the term 'design storm' refer to?
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How is detention storage defined in hydrological terms?
How is detention storage defined in hydrological terms?
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Which of the following best describes a depth-area-duration analysis?
Which of the following best describes a depth-area-duration analysis?
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What does a depth-duration curve illustrate?
What does a depth-duration curve illustrate?
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What characterizes deterministic hydrology?
What characterizes deterministic hydrology?
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What does depression storage refer to in hydrology?
What does depression storage refer to in hydrology?
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What is the main purpose of a hydrological network?
What is the main purpose of a hydrological network?
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Which element is commonly measured at a hydrological observing station?
Which element is commonly measured at a hydrological observing station?
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What defines the hydrological regime?
What defines the hydrological regime?
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What is hydrometry primarily concerned with?
What is hydrometry primarily concerned with?
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Which of the following describes a hydrometric station?
Which of the following describes a hydrometric station?
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What does the term 'hydrosphere' refer to?
What does the term 'hydrosphere' refer to?
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What is the definition of a hydrological year?
What is the definition of a hydrological year?
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What aspect does hydrometeorology emphasize?
What aspect does hydrometeorology emphasize?
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What does the intensity-duration-frequency curve represent?
What does the intensity-duration-frequency curve represent?
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What is an instantaneous unit hydrograph?
What is an instantaneous unit hydrograph?
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What does an isohyet line represent?
What does an isohyet line represent?
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What is described by the lag-time in hydrology?
What is described by the lag-time in hydrology?
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What does a kurtosis measure in a frequency distribution?
What does a kurtosis measure in a frequency distribution?
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What is lateral inflow?
What is lateral inflow?
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Which method estimates quantities like mean velocity in vertical measurements?
Which method estimates quantities like mean velocity in vertical measurements?
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What is limnology?
What is limnology?
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What does the term 'normals' refer to in meteorological studies?
What does the term 'normals' refer to in meteorological studies?
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Which of the following describes 'overland flow'?
Which of the following describes 'overland flow'?
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What is the median in the context of a continuous frequency distribution?
What is the median in the context of a continuous frequency distribution?
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What is 'orographic precipitation' caused by?
What is 'orographic precipitation' caused by?
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What does the term 'peak discharge' refer to?
What does the term 'peak discharge' refer to?
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What is defined as the least value of discharge in a stream during a hydrological year?
What is defined as the least value of discharge in a stream during a hydrological year?
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What is meant by 'parametric hydrology'?
What is meant by 'parametric hydrology'?
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In a distribution, what is the mode?
In a distribution, what is the mode?
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Which term refers to the adjustment of model parameters to achieve the best agreement between observed data and model output?
Which term refers to the adjustment of model parameters to achieve the best agreement between observed data and model output?
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Which of the following best describes 'outflow'?
Which of the following best describes 'outflow'?
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What is the definition of a 'n-year event' in hydrology?
What is the definition of a 'n-year event' in hydrology?
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What is the primary function of meteorological radar?
What is the primary function of meteorological radar?
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What indicates 'outliers' in a sample?
What indicates 'outliers' in a sample?
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How is a model defined in the context of hydrology?
How is a model defined in the context of hydrology?
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What does a moment represent in statistical terms?
What does a moment represent in statistical terms?
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What is a medium-term hydrological forecast?
What is a medium-term hydrological forecast?
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Study Notes
Hydrology Terminology
- Accumulative Precipitation Gauge: A precipitation gauge used at stations visited infrequently, typically at long intervals.
- Active Basin Area: The basin area excluding undrained parts.
- Actual Evaporation: The amount of water evaporated from an open water surface or the ground.
- Actual Evapotranspiration: The total amount of water evaporated from soil and plants with natural moisture content.
- Advection: The transfer of air-mass properties by atmospheric velocity.
- Altitude: Vertical distance from mean sea level.
- Annual Exceedence Series: A series of values of independent events (e.g., floods) exceeding a base value, the number of values equivalent to the years in the record.
- Annual Flood: The highest peak discharge within a water year, or a flood equalled or exceeded on average once per year.
- Annual Flow: The total volume of water flowing out of a drainage basin or river basin in a year.
- Annual Maximum Series: A series of extreme-value data with the largest annual values.
- Annual Minimum Series: A series of extreme-value data with the smallest annual values.
- Annual Runoff: The total volume of water flowing out of a drainage basin or river basin in a year.
- Annual Series: Data representing some characteristic or element for each year in a series of years.
- Annual Storage: The volume of water that can be held in a reservoir to compensate for seasonal variations in inflow and demand.
- Annual Storage Capacity: The volume of water that can be held in a reservoir to compensate for seasonal variations in inflow and demand.
- Antecedent Precipitation Index: A weighted summation of past daily precipitation amounts used to gauge soil moisture.
Other Terms
- Area-Elevation Curve: A curve that displays the part of a river basin above a specified elevation.
- Areal Precipitation: An average precipitation depth over a specific area.
- Areal Reduction Factor (of Rainfall): The ratio of mean areal rainfall to mean point rainfall for the same duration and return period.
- Arithmetic Mean: The sum of values divided by the number of values.
- Automatic Station: A station with instruments that automatically record and potentially transmit data.
- Average: Typically the arithmetic mean.
- Average Velocity: Discharge divided by the cross-sectional area perpendicular to the flow direction.
- Average Year: A year in which the observed hydrological or meteorological data approximately matches the long-term average.
- Bankfull Discharge: The maximum discharge that a watercourse can convey without overflowing its banks.
- Bankfull Stage: The stage at which a stream overflows its banks.
- Base Width (of a Flood Hydrograph): The time interval between the start and end of direct runoff following a storm.
- Basin: Drainage area of a stream, river, or lake.
- Basin Response: A measure of how a basin reacts to a meteorological event.
- Basin Response: A measure of how a basin reacts to a meteorological event.
- Base-width (of a flood hydrograph): Time interval between the beginning and end of direct runoff from a storm.
- Base flow: Portion of stream discharge that is not directly attributable to recent rainfall or snowmelt.
- Basin: Area drained by a stream, river or lake.
- Bubble Gauge: A gauge for measuring water level using a gas-purged system.
- Calibration: Experimental determination of the relationship between a measured quantity and the instrument's indication.
- Catchment: Area having a common outlet for surface runoff.
- Catchment Area: Area having a common outlet for surface runoff.
- Catchment Response: How a basin reacts to a meteorological event.
- Channel Frequency: Number of stream segments of all orders in a basin, divided by the area.
- Channel Network: Natural or man-made drainage channels within an area.
- Clear Overflow Weir: Weir with no tailwater submergence.
- Climate: Synthesis of weather conditions in a region, based on long-term statistics of meteorological elements.
- Climatic Change: Significant change in the climate of a region.
- Climatic Year: Continuous 12-month period encompassing a complete annual climatic cycle.
- Climatological Station for Hydrological Purposes: Station specifically established to collect climatological data to aid in hydrological analysis in a specific drainage basin.
- Coefficient of Determination: Square of the correlation coefficient showing the proportion of variance explained.
- Coefficient of Variation: Standard deviation divided by the mean, representing the relative variability.
- Compound Weir: Weir comprising two or more sections of different types and dimensions.
- Conceptual Hydrological Model: A simplified mathematical representation of hydrological processes.
- Conditional Probability: Probability of an event given the occurrence of another event.
- Confidence Interval: An interval likely to contain a true value.
- Confidence Limits: Values defining the range of a confidence interval.
- Constant Rate Dilution Gauging: Method of determining the flow rate based on adding a tracer of known concentration.
- Continental Hydrology: Hydrological processes in continental regions, with emphasis on the continental phase of the water cycle.
- Continuity Equation: Relationship describing the conservation of mass of flowing matter.
- Convective Precipitation: Precipitation caused by convective motions in the atmosphere.
- Correlation: Interdependence between two measurable quantities.
- Correlation Coefficient: Measure of the interdependence between two quantities, often based on covariance and standard deviations.
- Crest Gauge: Device for measuring the highest water level.
- Cumulative Precipitation Gauge: A precipitation gauge for accumulating and recording rainfall, often used at stations visited infrequently.
- Cup-Type Current Meter: A current meter that uses cups for measuring water velocity.
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Test your knowledge on essential hydrological terms and concepts with this quiz. Explore definitions related to bankfull discharge, climatic change, and hydrological networks. Perfect for students and professionals alike looking to enhance their understanding of hydrology.